scholarly journals (69) Effects of Photoselective Shadecloths on Growth and Flowering of Potted Chrysanthemum

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012D-1012
Author(s):  
Kent D. Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Plant Industry ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Environmental Consequences

Controlling plant height is an important practice in the ornamental plant industry. Though commonly used, growth regulators are expensive, and there are concerns about environmental consequences and safety of workers. Alternative ways of controlling growth may be advantageous. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of photoselective shadecloths on the growth and flowering of `Arezzo' chrysanthemum. One-month-old potted `Arezzo' chrysanthemum plants were grown in a saranhouse in chambers built with PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipe covered with 30% shadecloths—red, blue, gray, and black (control). The blue shadecloth was more effective in reducing plant height, with no differences among the other shadecloths. Plant canopy dimensions—greatest canopy width and average canopy width—did not show any differences among the shadecloths. The red shadecloth was more effective in hastening flowering, followed by the blue shadecloth. This was evident by flowering first occurring with the red shadecloth and initially the greatest number of buds showing color. Additionally, the red shadecloth had the highest proportion of the number of flowers to the combined number of flowers and buds showing color. Specifically, the total number of flowers was similar to the total number of buds showing color. In contrast with the other shadecloths, there was a greater number of buds showing color than the number of flowers. The most buds showing color occurred with the gray shadecloth. The three shadecloths resulted in a greater number of the combined buds showing color and flowers than the black shadecloth. In conclusion, photoselective shadecloths may provide an alternative to controlling plant height and altering the flowering pattern of potted chrysanthemums.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DAMONOZIDE, ANCYMIDOL AND PACLBUTRAZOL ON HEIGHT CONTROL OF POTTED MUSSAENDA

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 257A-257
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Cramer ◽  
Mark P. Bridgen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Height Control ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Dark Pink

Mussaenda, a tropical, hybrid ornamental plant from India and the Philippines, is being evaluated as a potential greenhouse ported crop in the united States. Showy sepals of white, picotee (White with rosy edges), light pink, dark pink, or red complemented by fragrant, yellow flowers and dark green, pubescent foliage make Mussaenda a very attractive potted plant. However, sometimes the height of Mussaenda is unsuitable for pot plant culture. With the use of chemical growth regulators. plant height is reduced thus making Mussaenda a more feasible potted crop. In the summer of 1992, a growth regulator study was conducted to evaluate three growth regulators and concentrations capable of reducing plant height in Mussaenda. Daminozide (B-Nine SP), ancymidol (A-Rest), or paclobutrazol (Bonzi) was applied at two concentrations each. Daminozide was tested as a spray at 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm. Ancymidol was applied as a spray at 33 ppm and 66 ppm or as a drench at 0.25 mg/pot and 0.50 mg/pot. Paclobutrazol was tested as a spray at 25 ppm and 50 ppm or as a drench at 0.125 mg/pot and 0.25 mg/pot. Growth regulators were applied as a single application or a double application with two weeks separating applications. Daminozide at 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm was most effective in controlling plant height. Ancymidol as a drench at 0.25 mg/pot and 0.50 mg/pot was also effective in plant height control. Two applications of these growth regulators were more effective in controlling plant height than a single application.

scholarly journals 774 PB 360 THE RESPONSE OF IRIDON CHRYSANTHEMUMS TO DIFFERENT KINDS OF GROWTH REGULATORS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 543e-543
Author(s):  
Eddie B. Williams ◽  
William F. Hayslett ◽  
Sabrina L. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trimethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Growth regulators were applied on Iridon Chrysanthemums during the month of January, 1993 to determine their response. The growth regulators used were uniconizole, [(E)-(+)-(S)-I-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4 dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-trazol-lyl)-1-pent-lene-3-01],daminozide [(butanedoic acid mono (2,2dimethyl hydraide)], ancymidol [a-cyclopropyl-a-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-5-pyridinemethanol] and chlormequat* (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (not labeled for mums). The daminozide treated plants received a second application 14 days after the initial treatment. Peters 20-20-20 NPK water soluble all purpose fertilizer were used for all treatments. There were significant differences in plant height, total fresh weight, total dry weight, total number of flowers, and total number of buds due to treatment. Uniconizode had the greatest effect on plant height, and the other parameters observed. Although there were differences between the uniconizide and daminozide treated plants for number of flowers and number of buds, these differences were not significant.

scholarly journals Application of Plant Extracts in Micropropagation and Cryopreservation of Bleeding Heart: An Ornamental-Medicinal Plant Species

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kulus ◽  
Natalia Miler
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
The Other ◽  
White Gold ◽  
Natural Extracts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

Lamprocapnos spectabilis (L.) Fukuhara (bleeding heart) is valued both in the horticultural and pharmaceutical markets. Despite its great popularity, information on the in vitro tissue culture technology in this species is limited. There is also little knowledge on the application of plant extracts in the tissue culture systems of plants other than orchids. The aim of this study is to compare the utility of traditional plant growth regulators (PGRs) and natural extracts—obtained from the coconut shreds, as well as oat, rice, and sesame seeds—in the micropropagation and cryopreservation of L. spectabilis ‘Gold Heart’ and ‘White Gold’. The biochemical analysis of extracts composition is also included. In the first experiment related to micropropagation via axillary buds activation, the single-node explants were cultured for a 10-week-long propagation cycle in the modified Murashige and Skoog medium fortified either with 1.11 µM benzyladenine (BA) and 1.23 µM indole-3-butritic acid (IBA) or with 10% (v/v) plant extracts. A PGRs- and extract-free control was also considered. In the cryopreservation experiment, the same 10% (v/v) extracts were added into the medium during a seven-day preculture in the encapsulation-vitrification cryopreservation protocol. It was found that the impact of natural additives was cultivar- and trait-specific. In the first experiment, the addition of coconut extract favoured the proliferation of shoots and propagation ratio in bleeding heart ‘Gold Heart’. Rice extract, on the other hand, promoted callus formation in ‘White Gold’ cultivar and was more effective in increasing the propagation ratio in this cultivar than the conventional plant growth regulators (4.1 and 2.6, respectively). Sesame extract suppressed the development of the explants in both cultivars analysed, probably due to the high content of polyphenols. As for the second experiment, the addition of plant extracts into the preculture medium did not increase the survival level of the cryopreserved shoot tips (sesame and oat extracts even decreased this parameter). On the other hand, coconut extract, abundant in simple sugars and endogenous cytokinins, stimulated a more intensive proliferation and growth of shoots after rewarming of samples. Analysing the synergistic effect of conventional plant growth regulators and natural extracts should be considered in future studies related to L. spectabilis.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Botanicals Priming on Seed Quality Parameter of Pigeonpea (Cajanuscajan (L.) Millspaugh)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. Divij Reddy ◽  
A. K. Chaurasia ◽  
P. K. Shukla ◽  
Ram Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Seed Coats ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

Presence of hard seed coats and several seed borne pathogens hinder the normal seedling establishment in legumes. Earlier seed enhancement is mainly achieved though synthetics and growth regulators. To evaluate the effect of organics and botanicals on quality parameters of the seed an experiment was conducted in Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences. Treatments in the experiment comprised of Panchagavya at 3%, 5% and 7% for 12 hrs., Beejamrutha at 5%, 7% and 9% for 12 hrs., Coconut water at 6% and 8% for 12hrs., Moringa leaf extract at 5% and 7% for 12hrs and Sea weed extract at 3% and 5% for 12hrs.Priming with the selected organics and botanicalsis found to enhance the quality parameters compared to untreated control. The treatment Panchagavya at 7% for duration of 12 hours was found to be superior compared to the other treatments in the study.

scholarly journals Modeling of the immature stages of the species of Noctuidae associated with Physalis peruviana L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 8673-8684
Author(s):  
Sebastián Alfonso Guzmán Cabrera ◽  
Adelaida María Gaviria Rivera ◽  
Jhon Alveiro Quiroz Gamboa ◽  
Dario Antonio Castañeda Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Heliothis Subflexa ◽  
Peridroma Saucia ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Physalis Peruviana

Physalis peruviana L. is currently the second fruit crop more exported of Colombia; however, the pests associated with the culture have been little studied which is important considering that some Noctuidae can cause a decrease of 20% in its production. In this research, the Noctuidae species related to P. peruviana were studied in three farms of La Unión, Antioquia, Colombia. Twelve sampling units, with 30- and 45-day transplanted plants, were distributed throughout the farms and sampled biweekly from March 1st to August 29th of 2014. In the plant canopy and the planted area, immature stages were registered, and statistic models were built in order to describe their trend. The taxonomic identification of adults was made by comparing with the Noctuidae collection of Museo Entomológico Francisco Luis Gallego at Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Medellín, and by using taxonomic keys. Nine Noctuidae species were found in total. Six models were built, four oviposition models for Agrotis ipsilon and Spodoptera spp., Copitarsia decolora and Heliothis subflexa, Megalographa biloba, and Peridroma saucia; a model for larvae and pupae stages was built. The oviposition model for P. saucia was the more adjusted, with a Root mean squared predictive difference (RMSPD) of 0.84. The other studied models were suitable to describe the trend of the immature stages; except for M. biloba model. This research revealed the ecological characteristics of the Noctuidae species associated with the golden berry crop that affect its productivity. 

scholarly journals Çukurova Bölgesi Koşullarında Farklı Zamanlarda Ekimi Yapılan Brüksel Lahanalarında Bitki Gelişimi, Verim ve Baş Kalitesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
İbrahim Burak Yılmaz ◽  
Nebahat Sarı
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Brussels Sprout ◽  
Main Shoot

In this study, plant growth, yield and sprout quality were investigated by planting at three different periods in three different Brussels sprout varieties in Çukurova Region. In this research, the effects of four different sowing and planting times on plant height (cm), main shoot diameter (mm), leaf number (number/plant), yield (g/m2), sprout weight (g), sprout diameter (mm), sprout height (mm), vitamin C (mg/100 g), antioxidant capacity [μmol trolox equivalents (TE)/g] and total phenolic content [mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g] were investigated in Franklin Fı, Maximus Fı and Divino Fı Brussels sprout varieties. According to the research results; Maximus Fı variety was found to be longer, thicker and more leafy than the other varieties in terms of plant height, main shoot diameter and number of leaves. Based on yield, Maximus Fı variety was recorded to be more efficient (584.88 g/m2) than the other varieties (367.97 g/m2 and 259.82 g/m2 in Franklin Fı and Divino Fı, respectively). Maximus Fı was superior than the other Brussels sprout varieties, Franklin Fı and Divino Fı in terms of sprout weight, sprout diameter and sprout height. When the planting times were evaluated, it was recorded that the 1st period was more suitable in terms of both yield and sprout characteristics compared to the other periods. In the vitamin C content, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, Franklin Fı was showed higher rates than the other varieties and more nutrient content was detected in the late plantings.

scholarly journals Effect of phosphorus rate on growth, nodulation and biomass yield of green manure crops

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
MYA Pramanik ◽  
MAR Sarkar ◽  
MS Uddin ◽  
GM Faruk
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Sesbania Rostrata ◽  
Green Manure Crops

The effect of phosphorus rate on plant height, biomass yield and nodulation of green manure crops was investigated. Seven green manure species viz. Sesbania rostrata, Sesbania aculeata, Crotalaria juncea, Vigna unguiculata, Phaseolus mungo, Vigna radiata and Glycine max and three phosphorus rates viz. 18, 27 and 36 kg P ha-1 were used. Plant height was different for each green manure crops during the growth period though phosphorus fertilization had no significant effect on plant height and biomass yield. On the other hand, phosphorus fertilization had significant effect on nodulation of green manure crops. The number of nodules plant-1 increased significantly with the age of the plants up to 60 days after sowing (DAS) and thereafter declined sharply at 75 DAS. The highest number of nodules plant-1 was produced at 36 kg P ha-1 followed by 27 kg P ha-1. The lowest number of nodules plant-1 was produced at 18 kg P ha-1. Keywords: Green manure crops; Phosphorus; Growth; Nodulation; Biomass yield DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4793 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 23-28, 2009

scholarly journals Effects of Site, Genotype and Subsequent Harvest Rotation on Willow Productivity

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski ◽  
Michał Krzyżaniak ◽  
Dariusz Załuski ◽  
Józef Tworkowski ◽  
Stefan Szczukowski
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High ◽  
Biometric Features

Perennial crops harvested in short rotations provide substantial amounts of biomass. This study determined the survival rate, biometric features and yield of fresh and dry biomass of 15 willow genotypes (including seven varieties and eight clones), cultivated at two different sites in two consecutive three-year harvest rotations. The study revealed the very high impact of the genotype (81% of the total variance) on the willow yield. The harvest rotation, along with the genotype, had a significant impact on the plant survival rate and the number of shoots per stool. Willow biomass was mainly affected by the plant height, its survival rate and shoot diameter. The significantly highest fresh (106 Mg ha−1) and dry biomass yield (54.0 Mg ha−1) was obtained from the Żubr variety of S. viminalis, which distinguished this variety from the other genotypes. The mean yield for the best three and five genotypes was 13% and 17% lower, respectively, and the mean yield for the whole experiment was 37% lower compared to the mean yield of the best variety (Żubr). Therefore, the choice of a willow genotype is of key importance for successful willow production.

scholarly journals Quantifying Variation in Soybean Due to Flood Using a Low-Cost 3D Imaging System

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyi Cao ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Yanping Yuan ◽  
Heng Ye ◽  
Henry T. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Dry Biomass

Flood has an important effect on plant growth by affecting their physiologic and biochemical properties. Soybean is one of the main cultivated crops in the world and the United States is one of the largest soybean producers. However, soybean plant is sensitive to flood stress that may cause slow growth, low yield, small crop production and result in significant economic loss. Therefore, it is critical to develop soybean cultivars that are tolerant to flood. One of the current bottlenecks in developing new crop cultivars is slow and inaccurate plant phenotyping that limits the genetic gain. This study aimed to develop a low-cost 3D imaging system to quantify the variation in the growth and biomass of soybean due to flood at its early growth stages. Two cultivars of soybeans, i.e. flood tolerant and flood sensitive, were planted in plant pots in a controlled greenhouse. A low-cost 3D imaging system was developed to take measurements of plant architecture including plant height, plant canopy width, petiole length, and petiole angle. It was found that the measurement error of the 3D imaging system was 5.8% in length and 5.0% in angle, which was sufficiently accurate and useful in plant phenotyping. Collected data were used to monitor the development of soybean after flood treatment. Dry biomass of soybean plant was measured at the end of the vegetative stage (two months after emergence). Results show that four groups had a significant difference in plant height, plant canopy width, petiole length, and petiole angle. Flood stress at early stages of soybean accelerated the growth of the flood-resistant plants in height and the petiole angle, however, restrained the development in plant canopy width and the petiole length of flood-sensitive plants. The dry biomass of flood-sensitive plants was near two to three times lower than that of resistant plants at the end of the vegetative stage. The results indicate that the developed low-cost 3D imaging system has the potential for accurate measurements in plant architecture and dry biomass that may be used to improve the accuracy of plant phenotyping.

Phosphorus seed coatings for pasture species. II. Comparison of effectiveness of phosphorus applied as seed coatings, drilled or broadcast, in promoting early growth of phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Scott ◽  
GJ Blair
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
P Sources

The relative efficiency of phosphorus (P) seed coatings and drilled and broadcast applications of P was investigated in a glasshouse experiment conducted with phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in P-deficient soil. Two P sources (monocalcium phosphate [MCP] and dicalcium phosphate [DCP]) were used at three rates in seed coatings (0, 5 and 10 kg P ha-1) or at six rates each of drilled or broadcast applications (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg P ha-1). MCP coatings severely reduced lucerne emergence and hence yield, but had little effect on phalaris emergence. No other fertilizer treatment affected emergence. The height of phalaris plants at 27 days after sowing (d.a.s.) was increased as much by seed coatings containing MCP at 5 kg P ha-1 as by drill or broadcast applications of MCP at 20 kg P ha-1. Plant height of the MCP seed coating treatments was also less variable than the other application methods, suggesting that the coatings provided more uniform access to P. Seed coatings containing DCP at 10 kg P ha-1 increased phalaris plant height more than did drilled or broadcast applications at 40 kg P ha-1, but there was no effect of any DCP treatment on lucerne growth at 27 d.a.s. The relatively large differences observed in plant height between different application methods at 27 d.a.s. diminished over time until, at 57 d.a.s., only small differences were evident. The dry matter yield and P content of both species were increased by increasing rates of MCP, but DCP had little effect at any rate. The reduced differences between the seed coating treatments and the other application methods at harvest may have been due to the limited soil volume of the pots used; further work is necessary in larger soil volumes to determine the significance of the early growth advantage conferred on phalaris by the phosphorus seed coatings, and to find ways of protecting lucerne from soluble P sources during germination.

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