scholarly journals Plant Morphology and Yield of Paprika Pepper in Response to Method of Stand Establishment

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1282-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Cooksey ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
James E. Motes
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Nontreated seed, primed seed, and transplants were compared for effects on stand establishment, plant morphology, and yield of paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Nontreated seed was satisfactory for stand establishment, although primed seed had the potential to provide greater initial stands. When populations were made equal by thinning, there were few differences in stem and leaf dry weight, fruit yield, or plant morphology attributed to seed treatment. Generally, morphology of plants established by direct seeding was favorable for mechanical harvest. Using transplants did not result in higher marketable fruit yields than direct seeding in 2 of 3 years. When compared to plants established by direct seeding, three trends were consistent across all 3 years for plants established by transplanting: 1) they were more massive, 2) they had larger vertical fruiting planes, and 3) they had more branches. These traits increase the difficulty of mechanical harvest and create the potential for more leaves and stems (trash) in the harvested product. Thus, transplanting is not recommended for stand establishment of paprika pepper intended for mechanical harvest.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF PAPRIKA PEPPER IN RESPONSE TO METHOD OF STAND ESTABLISHMENT

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 275H-275
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
James R. Cooksey ◽  
James E. Motes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Raw seed, primed seed, and transplants were compared for effects on stand establishment, plant morphology, and yield of paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Raw seed seemed satisfactory for stand establishment, although primed seed had the potential to provide better initial stands. When populations were equalized, there were few differences in plant growth, plant morphology, or fruit yield attributed to seed treatment. Morphology of plants established by direct seeding generally was favorable for mechanical harvest. Use of transplants did not result in higher marketable fruit yields than direct seeding in two out of three years. When compared to plants established by direct seeding, three trends were consistent across all three years for plants established by transplanting: a) they were more massive: b) they had larger vertical fruiting planes: and c) they had more branches. These traits would increase the difficulty of mechanical harvest and would create the potential for more trash in the harvested product. Thus, transplanting is not recommended for stand establishment of paprika intended for mechanical harvest.

scholarly journals Perlakuan Rizobakteri Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman (RPPT) dengan Beberapa Tingkat Kerapatan Inokulum Rizobakteri Terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Cabai Merah Kadaluarsa (Capsicum annuum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Dayang Rahmanita Simanjuntak ◽  
Halimursyadah Halimursyadah ◽  
Syamsuddin Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Actinobacillus Suis ◽  
Growth Promoting

Abstrak. Biological seed treatment merupakan salah satu perlakuan benih menggunakan mikroorganisme seperti rizobakteri pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman (RPPT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis rizobakteri dan kerapatan inokulum yang dapat meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih cabai kadaluarsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis rizobakteri (R) terdiri atas lima taraf yaitu R1: Necercia sp; R2:Bacillus polymixa; R3: Actinobacillus suis; R4: Azotobacter sp; R5: Pseudomonas capacia. Faktor kedua adalah kerapatan inokulum rizobakteri terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu K1: 107 cfu/ml; K2: 108 cfu/ml; K3: 109 cfu/ml. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan benih menggunakan rizobakteri jenis Necercia sp dengan kerapatan inokulum 108 cfu/ml nyata meningkatkan vigor benih pada tolok ukur  indeks vigor yaitu 40% dan Pseudomonas capacia dengan kerapatan inokulum 109 cfu/ml juga merupakan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik dalam meningkatkan berat kering kecambah normal yaitu 69,33 mg.Treatment Of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)With Multiple Levels of Rhizobacteria Inoculum Density On Viability and Vigor Of Expired Red Chilli Seeds (Capsicum annuum L.Abstract. Biological seed treatment is one of the seed treatment using microorganisms such as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This study aims to determine the type of rhizobacteria and inoculum density that can increase the viability and vigor of expired chili seeds. This research uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor is the type of rhizobacteria (R) consists of five levels, namely R1: Necercia sp; R2: Bacillus polymixa; R3: Actinobacillus suis; R4: Azotobacter sp; R5: Pseudomonas capacia. The second factor is the density of rhizobacteria inoculum consisting of three levels namely K1: 107 cfu/ml; K2: 108 cfu/ml; K3: 109 cfu/ml. The results of this study showed that the seed treatment using the Necercia sp-type rizobacteria with 108 cfu/ml inoculum density significantly increased the seed vigor on the vigor index benchmark of 40% and Pseudomonas capacia with 109cfu/ml inoculum density was also the best treatment combination in increasing dry weight normal sprout is 69,33 mg. 

scholarly journals 278 A Ratoon Cropping System for Fall Bell Pepper Production

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 439B-439
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Studies were conducted to examine the effects of pruning treatments applied to spring-transplanted bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) on marketable fruit yield in late summer and fall. Control plants were set in the field in early May 1997 (Oklahoma) and Apr. 1998 (Oklahoma and Texas) and were harvested weekly into October (Oklahoma) or periodically into December (Texas). In 1997, there were no differences in total marketable fruit weight among four treatments involving height and method of pruning, but all reduced total marketable fruit weight relative to the control. In Oklahoma in 1998, the control was compared to plants mowed on 27 July at an average height of ≈24 cm. Mowed plants produced less total marketable fruit weight but more U.S. Fancy fruit than control plants. Also, control and mowed plants did not differ in weight of U.S. no. 1 fruit. In Texas in 1998, the control was compared to plants mowed on 4 Sept. at a height of ≈20 cm. Mowed plants produced more than double the weight of U.S. no. 1 fruit and fewer cull fruit than control plants. Nonpruned transplants set in the field in Summer 1998 (Oklahoma and Texas) gave low marketable yields. Maintaining spring-transplanted bell peppers is a viable technique for fall pepper production, and the highest total marketable yields may occur if these plants are not mowed. However, mowing offers an opportunity for increased fall production of premium fruit, and mowed plants would be easier to manage than unpruned plants.

scholarly journals Comparing Chitin-urea to Other Materials for Control of Northern Root-knot Nematode on Paprika Pepper

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
John P. Damicone ◽  
Kenneth E. Jackson ◽  
James E. Motes ◽  
Mark E. Payton
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Nine nematicide treatments were evaluated from 1993 through 1995 in field experiments on paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Materials tested included a chitinurea soil amendment and six chemicals: fosthiazate, carbofuran, aldicarb, oxamyl, fenamiphos, and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D). Stands at harvest were increased relative to the control by chitin-urea, fosthiazate, and 1,3-D, but only fosthiazate increased marketable fruit yield relative to the control. Aldicarb reduced preharvest nematode populations relative to the control, but aldicarb did not result in a significant fruit yield increase. Chitin-urea was the only treatment to produce a net increase in nematode counts from preplant to preharvest in all three years. Although fosthiazate was promising, nematicide treatments were of limited benefit under the conditions of these studies. Chemical names used: (RS)-S-sec-butyl O-ethyl 2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-ylphosphonothioate (fosthiazate); 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate (carbofuran); 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime (aldicarb); methyl N′N′ -dimethyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-1-thiooxamimidate (oxamyl); ethyl 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl(1-methylethyl) phosphoramidate (fenamiphos).

Insect and Weed Interactions on Bell Peppers (Capsicum annuum)

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ray Prank ◽  
Paul H. Schwartz ◽  
John B. Bourke
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Cover ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Two years of field research were conducted to determine the additive effects of weed cover and insects on pepper production. When weeds covered less than 10% of test plots, the natural insect populations reduced the marketable fruit yield of bell peppers 32% in 1983 and 22% in 1984. When weeds covered 72 or 94% of the test plots, foliage damage due to insects was from 5.8 to 12.1%, respectively. The high percent weed cover and insects reduced yield 99%. The average fresh weight of pepper foliage approached zero as weed cover approached maximum. Foliar levels of iron and aluminum were reduced greatly in peppers grown in competition with a 100% weed cover. The level of boron, copper, phosphorus, and potassium in pepper foliage increased as percent weed cover increased.

scholarly journals A Ratoon Cropping System for Fall Bell Pepper Production

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-899
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Bell Peppers ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Studies were conducted to examine the effects of pruning treatments applied to spring-transplanted bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) on marketable fruit yield in late summer and fall. Control plants were set in the field in early May 1997 (Oklahoma) and Apr. 1998 (Oklahoma and Texas) and harvested weekly into October (Oklahoma) or periodically into December (Texas). In 1997, all four treatments (involving height and method of pruning) reduced total marketable fruit weight, but differences among treatments were nonsignificant. In Oklahoma in 1998, plants were mowed on 27 July at an average height of ≈24 cm. Mowed plants produced less total marketable fruit weight but more U.S. Fancy fruit than did control plants, while weight of U.S. No. 1 fruit was not affected. In Texas in 1998, plants mowed on 4 Sept. at a height of ≈20 cm produced more than twice the weight of U.S. No. 1 fruit and fewer cull fruit than did control plants. Nonpruned transplants set in the field in Summer 1998 (both Oklahoma and Texas) produced low marketable yields. Maintaining spring-transplanted bell peppers is a viable technique for fall pepper production, and the highest total marketable yields may be obtained if these plants are not mowed. However, mowing offers an opportunity for increased fall production of premium fruit, and mowed plants would be easier to manage than nonpruned plants.

scholarly journals Stand Establishment and Yield Potential of Organically Grown Seeded and Transplanted Medicinal Herbs

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn M. Kleitz ◽  
Marisa M. Wall ◽  
Constance L. Falk ◽  
Charles A. Martin ◽  
Marta D. Remmenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Nepeta Cataria

Field studies were conducted in 1995 and 1996 at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and Alcalde, New Mexico, to compare direct seeding to transplanting for stand establishment and yield estimates of calendula (Calendula officinalis), catnip (Nepeta cataria), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), stinging nettle (Urtica dioica), and globemallow (Sphaeralcea spp.). Calendula established well from seed or transplants at both sites. Transplanting increased establishment of lemon balm, catnip, stinging nettle, and globemallow. Lemon balm establishment was increased by 230% to 400% at Las Cruces, and catnip establishment was increased by 84% to 100% at Alcalde by transplanting. Direct seeding resulted in little or no stand establishment for stinging nettle and globemallow at Alcalde. In 1996, transplants increased lemon balm and stinging nettle dry weight yields by a factor of three or more at both sites. Dry weight yields of transplanted catnip were 4.86 t·ha−1 in 1995 and 7.90 t·ha−1 in 1996 in Las Cruces. Alcalde yields for transplanted dried catnip were 2.43 t·ha−1 in 1995 and 5.12 t·ha−1 in 1996. Transplanted globemallow dry weight yields were 6.04 t·ha−1 in 1995 and 9.17 t·ha−1 in 1996 for Las Cruces. Transplanted stinging nettle yield in Alcalde was 5.91 t·ha−1 for plants that overwintered and were harvested in the second season. Transplanting versus direct seeding medicinal herbs has the potential to substantially increase stand establishment and yield in New Mexico, particularly in the more northern and cooler part of the state.

scholarly journals Use of Ethephon as a Controlled Abscission Agent on Paprika Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 853E-853
Author(s):  
James E. Motes ◽  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Niels O. Maness
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Red Pigment ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Our objective was to increase the percentage of marketable red fruit at harvest time on paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants intended for mechanical harvest by using ethephon [(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid] to remove late-developing blooms and green fruit. We conducted three experiments on field-grown plants in southwestern Oklahoma. We tested ethephon solutions of 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 μl·liter–1 as a one-time foliar application on various dates. Total dry weight of harvested fruit decreased linearly with ethephon rate in all three studies. Marketable fruit as a percentage of total harvested fruit weight increased linearly with ethephon rate in two studies. There was no consistent effect of ethephon on the intensity of red pigment extracted from dehydrated marketable fruit. With proper timing, as little as 1000 μl ethephon/liter was enough to alter the distribution of total harvested fruit weight toward marketable fruit and away from green fruit. A target spray “window” of the last 10 days in September seemed appropriate for southwestern Oklahoma, and the recommended rate of ethephon was between 2000 and 3000 μl·liter–1.

scholarly journals In-row Plant Spacing Affects Growth and Yield of Pepperoncini Pepper

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Motsenbocker
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Leaf ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Pepper Plants

Pepperoncini pepper (Capsicum annuum var. annuum L. `Golden Greek') was grown at in-row spacings of 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30, and 45 cm to determine the effect of plant population on growth and fruit yield in a 2-year field study. In 1992, pepper plants grown at the 15-cm in-row spacing had the lowest plant, stem, and leaf dry weights, while plants at the lowest density (45-cm spacing) had the highest plant, leaf, and stem dry weights and the largest leaf area (LA). Of plants grown at the 7.5-cm spacing, the total yield and fruit count per hectare were higher than at the other spacings; however, fruit yield per plant was lowest. In 1993, the lowest plant and leaf dry weights and LA and highest LA index (LAI) were from plants at the 7.5-cm in-row spacing. Plants at the 45-cm spacing had the highest plant and leaf dry weight and LA and the lowest LAI. Pepper plants grown at the narrowest spacing produced the lowest early and total fruit yield per plant but the most fruit per hectare. In general, plants grown at the narrowest spacings produced the smallest plant, leaf, and stem biomass but resulted in the highest fruit yields and counts per hectare and the lowest fruit yields per plant.

Effects of ethephon on fruit yield, colour and pungency of cayenne and paprika peppers

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krajayklang ◽  
A. Klieber ◽  
R. B. H. Wills ◽  
P. R. Dry
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Chilli Pepper ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Chemical Ripening ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Yield Colour

Summary. ‘PS72285’ paprika pepper and ‘Caysan SPS705’ cayenne chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were treated with ethephon [(2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid] with the aim of synchronising maturation for once-only machine harvesting. Ethephon solutions of 0, 1000, 3000 or 5000 µL/L were applied once as foliar applications to pot-grown plants in a shadehouse at the Waite Campus, Adelaide. The effects of ethephon on red fruit yield, colour intensity, pungency, abscission and defoliation were determined. Ethephon did accelerate fruit maturation of both cultivars by increasing the percentage of red marketable fruit for chillies and decreasing the percentage of green paprika fruit. The intensity of extractable red colour in chilli fruit was increased by 16% for 1000 µL ethephon/L, while pungency improved by 46 and 48% for 1000 and 3000 µL ethephon/L respectively. However, red marketable fruit yields measured as fresh and dry weight decreased in chillies due to a large number of abscised fruit. Paprika quality and yield were unaffected. Ethephon also induced defoliation and fruit skin damage. Thus, this study found little benefit from using ethephon as a chemical ripening agent.

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