Comparing Chitin-urea to Other Materials for Control of Northern Root-knot Nematode on Paprika Pepper

Nine nematicide treatments were evaluated from 1993 through 1995 in field experiments on paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Materials tested included a chitinurea soil amendment and six chemicals: fosthiazate, carbofuran, aldicarb, oxamyl, fenamiphos, and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D). Stands at harvest were increased relative to the control by chitin-urea, fosthiazate, and 1,3-D, but only fosthiazate increased marketable fruit yield relative to the control. Aldicarb reduced preharvest nematode populations relative to the control, but aldicarb did not result in a significant fruit yield increase. Chitin-urea was the only treatment to produce a net increase in nematode counts from preplant to preharvest in all three years. Although fosthiazate was promising, nematicide treatments were of limited benefit under the conditions of these studies. Chemical names used: (RS)-S-sec-butyl O-ethyl 2-oxo-1,3-thiazolidin-3-ylphosphonothioate (fosthiazate); 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl methylcarbamate (carbofuran); 2-methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde O-(methylcarbamoyl)oxime (aldicarb); methyl N′N′ -dimethyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy]-1-thiooxamimidate (oxamyl); ethyl 3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl(1-methylethyl) phosphoramidate (fenamiphos).

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MORPHOLOGY AND YIELD OF PAPRIKA PEPPER IN RESPONSE TO METHOD OF STAND ESTABLISHMENT

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.28.4.275h ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 275H-275

Author(s):

Brian A. Kahn ◽

James R. Cooksey ◽

James E. Motes

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Stand Establishment ◽

Capsicum Annuum L ◽

Marketable Fruit

Raw seed, primed seed, and transplants were compared for effects on stand establishment, plant morphology, and yield of paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Raw seed seemed satisfactory for stand establishment, although primed seed had the potential to provide better initial stands. When populations were equalized, there were few differences in plant growth, plant morphology, or fruit yield attributed to seed treatment. Morphology of plants established by direct seeding generally was favorable for mechanical harvest. Use of transplants did not result in higher marketable fruit yields than direct seeding in two out of three years. When compared to plants established by direct seeding, three trends were consistent across all three years for plants established by transplanting: a) they were more massive: b) they had larger vertical fruiting planes: and c) they had more branches. These traits would increase the difficulty of mechanical harvest and would create the potential for more trash in the harvested product. Thus, transplanting is not recommended for stand establishment of paprika intended for mechanical harvest.

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278 A Ratoon Cropping System for Fall Bell Pepper Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.439b ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 439B-439

Author(s):

Brian A. Kahn ◽

Daniel I. Leskovar

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Cropping System ◽

Late Summer ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Average Height ◽

Bell Peppers ◽

Marketable Fruit

Studies were conducted to examine the effects of pruning treatments applied to spring-transplanted bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) on marketable fruit yield in late summer and fall. Control plants were set in the field in early May 1997 (Oklahoma) and Apr. 1998 (Oklahoma and Texas) and were harvested weekly into October (Oklahoma) or periodically into December (Texas). In 1997, there were no differences in total marketable fruit weight among four treatments involving height and method of pruning, but all reduced total marketable fruit weight relative to the control. In Oklahoma in 1998, the control was compared to plants mowed on 27 July at an average height of ≈24 cm. Mowed plants produced less total marketable fruit weight but more U.S. Fancy fruit than control plants. Also, control and mowed plants did not differ in weight of U.S. no. 1 fruit. In Texas in 1998, the control was compared to plants mowed on 4 Sept. at a height of ≈20 cm. Mowed plants produced more than double the weight of U.S. no. 1 fruit and fewer cull fruit than control plants. Nonpruned transplants set in the field in Summer 1998 (Oklahoma and Texas) gave low marketable yields. Maintaining spring-transplanted bell peppers is a viable technique for fall pepper production, and the highest total marketable yields may occur if these plants are not mowed. However, mowing offers an opportunity for increased fall production of premium fruit, and mowed plants would be easier to manage than unpruned plants.

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Nematicide Trials on Paprika Pepper

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.435a ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 435A-435

Author(s):

Brian A. Kahn ◽

John P. Damicone ◽

Kenneth E. Jackson ◽

James E. Motes ◽

Mark E. Payton

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Potential Problem ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Plant Dry Mass

Nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.) are a potential problem when paprika peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are grown in fields historically planted to peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Nine nematicide treatments were evaluated over 3 years in field experiments on paprika pepper. Materials tested included the chitin nematicide ClandoSan and six chemicals: fosthiazate, carbofuran, aldicarb, oxamyl, fenamiphos, and dichloropropene. Stands at harvest were increased relative to the control by ClandoSan in 2 of 3 years. Other horticultural effects (plant dry mass and fruit yield) were minimal for all nine nematicide treatments. No one nematicide treatment consistently reduced nematode counts at harvest relative to the control. Nematode counts at harvest were greater in plots treated with ClandoSan than in plots treated with any other material in 2 of 3 years. Nematicide treatments were not cost effective under the conditions of these studies.

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Insect and Weed Interactions on Bell Peppers (Capsicum annuum)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00032206 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 423-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Ray Prank ◽

Paul H. Schwartz ◽

John B. Bourke

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Field Research ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Additive Effects ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Weed Cover ◽

Bell Peppers ◽

Insect Populations ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Marketable Fruit

Two years of field research were conducted to determine the additive effects of weed cover and insects on pepper production. When weeds covered less than 10% of test plots, the natural insect populations reduced the marketable fruit yield of bell peppers 32% in 1983 and 22% in 1984. When weeds covered 72 or 94% of the test plots, foliage damage due to insects was from 5.8 to 12.1%, respectively. The high percent weed cover and insects reduced yield 99%. The average fresh weight of pepper foliage approached zero as weed cover approached maximum. Foliar levels of iron and aluminum were reduced greatly in peppers grown in competition with a 100% weed cover. The level of boron, copper, phosphorus, and potassium in pepper foliage increased as percent weed cover increased.

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A Ratoon Cropping System for Fall Bell Pepper Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.36.5.897 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 897-899

Author(s):

Brian A. Kahn ◽

Daniel I. Leskovar

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Cropping System ◽

Late Summer ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Bell Pepper ◽

Average Height ◽

Bell Peppers ◽

Marketable Fruit

Studies were conducted to examine the effects of pruning treatments applied to spring-transplanted bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) on marketable fruit yield in late summer and fall. Control plants were set in the field in early May 1997 (Oklahoma) and Apr. 1998 (Oklahoma and Texas) and harvested weekly into October (Oklahoma) or periodically into December (Texas). In 1997, all four treatments (involving height and method of pruning) reduced total marketable fruit weight, but differences among treatments were nonsignificant. In Oklahoma in 1998, plants were mowed on 27 July at an average height of ≈24 cm. Mowed plants produced less total marketable fruit weight but more U.S. Fancy fruit than did control plants, while weight of U.S. No. 1 fruit was not affected. In Texas in 1998, plants mowed on 4 Sept. at a height of ≈20 cm produced more than twice the weight of U.S. No. 1 fruit and fewer cull fruit than did control plants. Nonpruned transplants set in the field in Summer 1998 (both Oklahoma and Texas) produced low marketable yields. Maintaining spring-transplanted bell peppers is a viable technique for fall pepper production, and the highest total marketable yields may be obtained if these plants are not mowed. However, mowing offers an opportunity for increased fall production of premium fruit, and mowed plants would be easier to manage than nonpruned plants.

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Plant Morphology and Yield of Paprika Pepper in Response to Method of Stand Establishment

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.11.1282 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 1282-1284 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

James R. Cooksey ◽

Brian A. Kahn ◽

James E. Motes

Keyword(s):

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Stand Establishment ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

Nontreated seed, primed seed, and transplants were compared for effects on stand establishment, plant morphology, and yield of paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Nontreated seed was satisfactory for stand establishment, although primed seed had the potential to provide greater initial stands. When populations were made equal by thinning, there were few differences in stem and leaf dry weight, fruit yield, or plant morphology attributed to seed treatment. Generally, morphology of plants established by direct seeding was favorable for mechanical harvest. Using transplants did not result in higher marketable fruit yields than direct seeding in 2 of 3 years. When compared to plants established by direct seeding, three trends were consistent across all 3 years for plants established by transplanting: 1) they were more massive, 2) they had larger vertical fruiting planes, and 3) they had more branches. These traits increase the difficulty of mechanical harvest and create the potential for more leaves and stems (trash) in the harvested product. Thus, transplanting is not recommended for stand establishment of paprika pepper intended for mechanical harvest.

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YIELD RESPONSE OF `SUNRISE' PAPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA) TO KINETIN AND FOLCYSTEINE APPLICATIONS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.5.760e ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 760e-760

Author(s):

Jose Pablo Morales-Payan

Keyword(s):

Dominican Republic ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Yield Response ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Fruit Number ◽

Significant Yield

Field experiments were conducted in the Dominican Republic to determine the effects of different rates of the biostimulants folcysteine and kinetin on fruit yield of `Sunrise' papaya. Aqueous solutions of either 50, 70, 90, 110, or 130 ppm. Four applications were made at 3-week intervals. Fruit number, size, and weight were recorded weekly during 15 weeks after application. Yields for the control and kinetin-treated plants were not significantly different. Significant yield increase was found in plants treated with 70 and 90 ppm of folcysteine solution. Fruit yield in plants treated with 30, 50, 110, or 130 ppm of folcysteine did not differ significantly from that of the control. These results indicate that folcysteine treatment at 70 and 90 ppm at flowering can significantly increase fruit yield in `Sunrise' papaya.

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Sweet pepper production in substrate in response to salinity, nutrient solution management and training system

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362011000300003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 275-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

José S Rubio ◽

Walter E Pereira ◽

Francisco Garcia-Sanchez ◽

Luis Murillo ◽

Antonio L García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Sweet Pepper ◽

Training System ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Salt Treatment ◽

Hoagland Solution ◽

Half Strength ◽

Marketable Fruit

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the marketable fruit yield of sweet pepper plants (Capsicum annuum cv. Orlando) in function of the management of nutrient solution with training system. Plants were grown on coconut coir dust under greenhouse conditions in the southeast of Spain. A randomized block design in split-split plot with four blocks was used to test the effect of the nutrient solution strength (full or half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution), training system (two and three stems per plant) and water salinity (saline and non-saline) on total and marketable yield, fruit quality, and fruit mineral concentration. Salt treatment decreased fruit yield by decreasing the fruit fresh weight but not the number of fruits per plant. Under saline and non-saline conditions, the higher yield of fruits was obtained in plants watered with half-strength Hoagland solution, and grown with three stems per plant. Blossom end rot incidence increased under saline conditions or using full-strength Hoagland solution, but decreased with the combination of half-strength Hoagland solution and three-stem training system. Salt treatment also decreased fruit quality in all the treatments due to a decrease in PO2-, SO4(2-), Fe2+;3+, Cu1+;2+ and Mn2+ concentrations, and fruit shape index. Likewise, plants exposed to salinity and watered with half-strength Hoagland solution and trained with three stems showed a reduction in juice glucose and fructose concentration. Based on these results, an increase of the marketable fruit yield could be obtained under non or moderate saline conditions with the implementation of suitable culture practices.

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Histological Characterization of Resistance to Different Root-Knot Nematode Species Related to Phenolics Accumulation in Capsicum annuum

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-95-0158 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 158-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

A. Pegard ◽

G. Brizzard ◽

A. Fazari ◽

O. Soucaze ◽

P. Abad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

High Performance ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Susceptible Cultivar ◽

Resistant Line ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Resistance Response ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Chromatography Analysis

In the pepper Capsicum annuum CM334, which is used by breeders as a source of resistance to Phytophthora spp. and potyviruses, a resistance gene entirely suppresses reproduction of the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). The current study compared the histological responses of this resistant line and a susceptible cultivar to infection with the three most damaging root-knot nematodes: M. arenaria, M. incognita, or M. javanica. Resistance of CM334 to root-knot nematodes was associated with unidentified factors that limited nematode penetration and with post-penetration biochemical responses, including the hypersensitive response, which apparently blocked nematode migration and thereby prevented juvenile development and reproduction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis suggested that phenolic compounds, especially chlorogenic acid, may be involved in CM334 resistance. The response to infection in the resistant line varied with root-knot nematode species and was correlated with nematode behavior and pathogenicity in the susceptible cultivar: nematode species that quickly reached the vascular cylinder and initiated feeding sites in the susceptible cultivar were quickly recognized in CM334 and stopped in the epidermis or cortex. After comparing our data with those from other resistant pepper lines, we suggest that timing of the resistance response and the mechanism of resistance vary with plant genotype, resistance gene, and root-knot nematode species.

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Comparative Study of the Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on Disease Severity and Marketable Yield of Paprika (Capsicum Annuum L.) in the Smallholder Farming Sector of Zimbabwe

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-008-0011-z ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 107-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maxwell Handiseni ◽

Julia Sibiya ◽

Vincent Ogunlela ◽

Irene Koomen

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Weed Management ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Smallholder Farming ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

Weed Density ◽

Marketable Fruit ◽

Hand Weeding

Comparative Study of the Effect of Different Weed Management Strategies on Disease Severity and Marketable Yield of Paprika (Capsicum AnnuumL.) in the Smallholder Farming Sector of ZimbabweOn-farm trials were conducted in the Chinyika Resettlement Area of Zimbabwe under dryland conditions to investigate the effects of different weed management methods on disease incidence, severity and paprika (Capsicum annuum) pod yield. The weed control treatments included hand weeding at 2 and 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT); ridge re-moulding at 3,6 and 9 WAT; application 4l/ha Lasso (alachlor) immediately after transplanting, and Ronstar (oxidiazinon) at 2l/ha tank mixed with Lasso at 2l/ha one day before transplanting. The herbicide-water solution was applied at the rate of 200l/ha using a knapsack sprayer. Major diseases identified were bacterial leaf spot (Xanthomonas campestrispv.vesicatoria), cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora unamunoi), grey leaf spot (Stemphylium solani) and powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica) in both seasons. For the 2000/2001 season hand weeding at 2 and 6 WAT and ridge re-moulding at 3, 6 and 9 WAT had the greatest reduction effect on the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and the highest marketable fruit yield. In the 2001/2002 season, both herbicide treatments had the same effect as hand weeding and ridge re-moulding on AUDPC and marketable fruit yield. The least weed density was obtained by ridge re-moulding at 3, 6, and 9 WAT in the 2000/2001 season. Weed density was statistically the same across all treatments except the check treatment in 2001/2002 season. Hand weeding operations were significantly (p < 0.05) effective and consequently gave the highest added profits mainly because of their effect on major weeds such asDatura stramonium.

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