scholarly journals Rooting `Yoshino' Cryptomeria Stem Cuttings as Influenced by Growth Stage, Branch Order, and IBA Treatment

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1532-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura G. Jull ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Branch Order ◽  
First Order ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area

Stem cuttings of `Yoshino' Japanese cedar [Cryptomeria japonica (L.f.) D. Don `Yoshino'], consisting of tips (terminal 20 cm) of first-order laterals, distal halves (terminal 10 cm) of tips of first-order laterals, and proximal halves (basal 10 cm) of tips of first-order laterals, or tips (terminal 10 cm) of second-order laterals, were taken on four dates that represented four growth stages (softwood, semi-hardwood, hardwood, and pre-budbreak). The cuttings were treated with 0, 3000, 6000, or 9000 mg IBA/liter. Branch order affected all rooting measurements at each growth stage. Regardless of growth stage, tips of and proximal halves of first-order laterals containing lignified wood had the highest percent rooting, root count, total root length, root area, and root dry weight. Hardwood tips of and semi-hardwood proximal halves of first-order laterals exhibited the highest overall rooting (87%), followed by softwood proximal halves of first-order laterals (78%). Rooting of distal halves of first-order laterals and tips of second-order laterals never exceeded 55% and 34%, respectively, at any growth stage. IBA treatment influenced percent rooting, root count, total root length, root area, and root dry weight of semi-hardwood, hardwood, and pre-budbreak cuttings, except for root dry weight of semi-hardwood cuttings. IBA had no affect on softwood cuttings. Chemical name used: 1H-indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

Correlation between early root production, carbohydrate metabolism, and subsequent biomass production in hybrid poplar

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 2168-2174 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Tschaplinski ◽  
T. J. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Growth Processes ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization

The relationship between the rooting patterns of five poplar hybrids and stem carbohydrate dynamics was investigated to determine if the availability or metabolism of carbohydrates was limiting early root production of cuttings. Differences in early root production (i.e., number, length, and dry weight) after 17 days paralleled the subsequent differences in accumulation of aboveground biomass that were observed when two Populus balsamifera L. × deltoides Bartr. (Jackii 4 and Jackii 7) and three Populus deltoides Bartr. × nigra L. (DN 2, DN 22, and DN 15) hybrids were compared. Total root length and dry weight of Jackii 4 was four times that of Jackii 7. Both DN 2 and DN 22 had a total root length twice that of DN 15. Rooting characteristics may be useful criteria for selection of productive clones. Carbohydrate analysis of stem cuttings suggested that hybrids differing in biomass production displayed different patterns of carbohydrate utilization. The concentrations of glucose and myoinositol declined more in faster growing hybrids (Jackii 4, DN 2, DN 22) than in slower growing hybrids (Jackii 7, DN 15). The results suggest that faster growing hybrids consume monosaccharides in growth processes, whereas the slower growing hybrids convert monosaccharides into alternative storage forms and use less in growth processes. The initial myoinositol concentration in stem cuttings of poplar hybrids was correlated (r2 = 0.95) with root dry weight produced after 17 days, but the initial starch concentration was unrelated to later root biomass production. The results suggest that initial myoinositol concentration in cuttings may be used in early selection for rooting performance.

scholarly journals Marigold Growth in Six-packs following Transplanting from Plugs at Several Stages of Development

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 632f-633
Author(s):  
Kay Oakley ◽  
Robert Geneve ◽  
Sharon Kester ◽  
Myra Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Root Restriction

Root and shoot development in Marigold `Little Devil Flame' was studied after being grown for varying lengths of time in 392-count plugs before transplanting to six-pack cells. Seedlings were grown for 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days before transplanting to six-packs. All plants were measured at day 25. There was no significant difference in total root length, area and dry weight per plant or in leaf area and shoot dry weight per plant for seedlings transplanted from 0 to 15 days. Both total root dry weight and total shoot dry weight of seedlings transplanted on day 20 was reduced by 32% compared to seedlings that were not transplanted. Total root dry weight of seedlings transplanted at day 25 was reduced by 60% while total shoot dry weight of seedlings was reduced by 56% from those not transplanted. In a separate experiment, the growth rate of seedlings grown in plugs was sigmoidal (r2 = 0.98). Growth rate was significantly reduced between 20 and 25 days in the plug. These results suggest that root restriction in the plug may be a factor in the reduction of seedling growth following transplanting.

scholarly journals Propagation of Iranian Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas L.) by Rooted Stem Cuttings

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Hamid HASSANPOUR ◽  
Mohamad ALI SHIRI
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cornelian Cherry ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Nursery Production

Clonal propagation of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) from cuttings will permit nursery production of cloned Cornelian cherry and encourage selection of superior genotypes. The effects of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations, five genotypes and two types of media on root performance of Cornelian cherry cuttings were investigated. The percentage of rooted cuttings, mean root length, average root number per cutting, root fresh weight and root dry weight were recorded after three months. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of the auxin treatments. Regression analysis for determination of appropriate equation was performed. The IBA treatment increased the rooting percentage in genotype C1, C3 and C4 but did not affect that of genotype C2 and C5. The maximum rooting percentage, mean root length, average root number per cutting, root fresh weight and root dry weight was obtained for C3 genotype and in sand media. No statistically significant correlation was observed between callusing and other measured parameters but the rest of parameters correlate statistically with rooting. According to the regression results, it was clear that the pattern of quadratic function was better than other models for rooting. The highest rooting percentage was obtained from C3 genotype. Therefore, clonal production of this genotype is practical.

scholarly journals Effects of salinity stress on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces during early growth stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyoum Zawude ◽  
Diriba Shanko
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses for crop plant growth. Chickpea grows under a wide range of climatic conditions and highly sensitive to salt stress. To determine the most tolerant genotype to salinity stress, an experiment was done as factorial form under completely block design (CRD) with three replications.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The experimental treatments were four NaCl salinity levels (0, 5dS/m, 10dS/m and 15dS/m) and five chickpea landraces (Dadi, Dido, Dida, Dimi and Soya).  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Results indicated that significant was observed in root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling shoot and root reduction traits in stress conditions. Dimi, Dido and Dadi were showed that high reduction in root length, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling root and shoot in salinity conditions, respectively. The ANOVA for landraces and their interaction was found to be highly significant at (p&lt;0.001) and (p&lt;0.05) with all parameters. Landraces Dimi, Dido and Dadi were found salt tolerant but Soya was highly salt sensitive during seedling growth stage. Shoot dry weight had the most positive and significant correlation with root dry weight (r =0.987**). Seedling shoot reduction depicted a negative and significant correlation with total dry matter (r =-0.734**).</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study indicated that developing genetic variability by identifying salt tolerant landrace is one of the appropriate strategies used to overcome salinity problem in arid and semi-arid areas.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Kalmia latifolia `Sarah' and Ilex crenata `Compacta'

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Udo Blum
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Kalmia Latifolia ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Mountain Laurel ◽  
Growth Periodicity

The length of time between transplanting and subsequent new root initiation, root growth rates, and root growth periodicity influences the ability of woody ornamentals to survive transplanting and become established in the landscape. Research was conducted to compare root growth of a difficult-to-transplant species, Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel), to that of an easy-to-transplant species, Ilex crenata Thunb. (Japanese holly), over the course of 1 year. Micropropagated liners of `Sarah' mountain laurel and rooted stem cuttings of `Compacta' holly were potted in 3-L containers. Plants were grown in a greenhouse from May to September, at which time they were moved outside to a gravel pad, where they remained until the following May. Destructive plant harvests were conducted every 2 to 4 weeks for 1 year. At each harvest, leaf area, shoot dry weight (stems and leaves), root length, root area, and root dry weight were determined. Throughout the experiment, shoot dry weight and leaf area were similar for the two species. New root growth of `Compacta' holly and `Sarah' mountain laurel was measurable 15 and 30 days after potting, respectively. Root length and root area of `Sarah' mountain laurel increased during May through December but decreased during January through May. Root length and root area of `Compacta' holly increased linearly throughout the course of the experiment. Final root: shoot ratio of `Sarah' mountain laurel was one-ninth that of `Compacta' holly. Results suggest that poor transplant performance of mountain laurel in the landscape may be related to its slow rate of root growth.

scholarly journals Propagation of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ Smooth Arizona Cypress by Stem Cuttings: Effects of Growth Stage, Type of Cutting, and IBA Treatment

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Hunter L. Stubbs ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Auxin Treatment ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica

Abstract Stem cuttings of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ smooth Arizona cypress [Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (Sudw.) Little ‘Carolina Sapphire’] consisting of 30 cm (12 in) terminals or distal [terminal 15 cm (6 in)] and proximal [basal 15 cm (6 in)] halves of 30 cm (12 in) terminals were taken on three dates associated with specific growth stages (semi-hardwood, hardwood, and softwood). Cuttings were treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) in 50% isopropanol ranging from 0 to 16,000 ppm (1.6%) and placed under intermittent mist. Regardless of cutting type and auxin treatment, cuttings rooted at each growth stage. Overall percent rooting was highest during the hardwood stage (70%), followed by the semi-hardwood stage (44%). Softwood cuttings exhibited the lowest overall rooting (33%). At each growth stage, percent rooting, root count, and root dry weight varied depending on cutting type and IBA treatment. Rooting percentages ≥70% were attained at the semi-hardwood and hardwood growth stages for particular treatment combinations.

scholarly journals Propagation of Thuja x ‘Green Giant’ by Stem Cuttings: Effects of Growth Stage, Type of Cutting, and IBA Treatment

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-214
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
First Order ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

Abstract Stem cuttings of Thuja L. x ‘Green Giant’ (‘Green Giant’ arborvitae), consisting of 22 cm (8.6 in) terminals (tips of first-order laterals) or 20 cm (7.8 in) laterals (side shoots removed from those portions of terminal cuttings inserted into the rooting medium), were collected on three dates associated with specific stock plant growth stages (softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood) and treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA) in 50% isopropanol ranging from 0 to 9000 ppm (0.9%). Regardless of cutting type or auxin treatment, cuttings rooted in high percentages at each growth stage. Overall rooting for softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood, cuttings was 85%, 86%, and 96%, respectively. Semi-hardwood cuttings were the only cuttings in which percent rooting was affected by IBA treatment or cutting type, with lateral cuttings rooting in higher percentages than terminal cuttings (92% vs. 79%, respectively), while IBA concentrations of 3000 (0.3%) or 6000 ppm (0.6%) proved optimal for both cutting types. Mean root number and mean root length varied by growth stage, cutting type, and IBA concentration. In general, rooting percentages and root length were optimized at the hardwood stage with either cutting type treated with 3000, 6000 or 9000 ppm (0.3%, 0.6% or 0.9%) IBA, resulting in &gt;10 roots per cutting.

scholarly journals 227 Rate of Root Growth of Three Woody Ornamental Species

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 430B-430
Author(s):  
Amy N. Wright ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Frank A. Blazich
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Mountain Laurel ◽  
Ornamental Species

Root growth is a critical factor in landscape establishment of container-grown woody ornamental species. Kalmia latifolia (mountain laurel) often does not survive transplanting from containers into the landscape. The objective of this experiment was to compare rate of root growth of mountain laurel to that of Ilex crenata `Compacta' (`Compacta' holly) and Oxydendrum arboreum (sourwood). Six-month-old tissue-cultured liners (substrate intact) of mountain laurel, 1-year-old rooted cutting liners (substrate intact) of `Compacta' holly (liner holly), 6-inch bare root seedling liners of sourwood, and 3-month-old bare-root rooted cuttings of `Compacta' holly were potted in containers in Turface™. Prior to potting, roots of all plants were dyed with a solution of 0.5% (w/v) methylene blue. Plants were greenhouse-grown. Destructive harvests were conducted every 2 to 3 weeks (six total harvests). Length, area, and dry weight of roots produced since the start of the experiment, leaf area, and dry weight of shoots were measured. Sourwood and liner holly had greater rate of increase in root length and root dry weight than mountain laurel and bare root holly. Rate of increase in root area was greatest for sourwood, followed by (in decreasing order) liner holly, mountain laurel, and bare-root holly. Increase in root length and root area per increase in leaf area was highest for liner holly, possibly indicating why this species routinely establishes successfully in the landscape. Increase in root dry weight per increase in shoot dry weight was lowest for mountain laurel. The slow rate of root growth of mountain laurel (compared to sourwood and liner holly) may suggest why this species often does not survive transplanting.

Enhanced root and shoot development of poplar cuttings induced by Pisolithus inoculum

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Navratil ◽  
G. C. Rochon
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Characteristics ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Poplar Cuttings

Cuttings from four poplar hybrids, Populus × cv. Northwest, P. × euroamericana cv. I-45/51, P. × euroamericana cv. DN-21, and P. × cv. robusta superba, were rooted in a medium inoculated with vermiculite-based vegetative inoculum of Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch, produced by Abbott Laboratories, Chicago. The addition of the inoculum to the medium resulted in an enhancement in shoot and root development of all four clones. All clones except I-45/51 responded with significantly increased shoot length. At least two of the root characteristics measured, number of roots per cutting, average induced and preformed root length, total root length, and root dry weight, were significantly increased by the addition of the inoculum in three of the clones: cv. Northwest, cv. I-45/51, and cv. DN-21. Cultivar variations in response to the inoculation were evident. Hormonal exudates liberated by the mycelium of Pisolithus are suspected as a cause of the enhanced shoot and root development.

scholarly journals ROOT GROWTH OF MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA HORT, `ST, MARY AFTER EXPOSURE TO ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURE TREATMENTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1080g-1080
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Zone Temperature

Root growth of Magnolia grandiflora Hort. `St. Mary' was studied for 16 wk after an 8-wk exposure period to 30°, 34°, 38°, or 42°±0.8°C root-zone temperature (RZT) treatments applied 6 hr daily, Immediately after the RZT treatment period, total root length was similar for trees exposed to 30°, 34°, and 38°C and was reduced 45% at 42° compared to 38°C. For weeks eight and 18 of the post-treatment period, response of total root length to RZT was linear. Total root length of trees exposed to 28°C was 247% and 225% greater than those exposed to 42°C RZT at week eight and 16, respectively. Root dry weight from the 42°C RZT treatment was 29% and 48% less than 38° and 34°C RZT treatment, respectively, at week eight. By week 16, root dry weight as a function of RZT had changed such that the 42°C RZT was 43% and 47% less than 38° and 34°C RZT, respectively. Differences in root growth patterns between weeks eight and 16 suggest that trees were able to overcome the detrimental effects of the 38°C treatment whereas growth suppression by the 42°C treatment was still evident after 16 wk. Previous exposure of tree roots to supraoptimal RZT regimens may have long-term implications for suppressing growth and lengthening the establishment period of trees in the landscape,

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