scholarly journals Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Derr
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Tolerance of transplanted black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima Farw.), lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata L.), shasta daisy (Chrysanthemum × superbum Bergmans ex. J. Ingram), purple coneflower [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.], and blanket flower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh) to preemergence herbicides was evaluated in container trials. Herbicides were applied at the maximum use rate and twice the maximum use rate. Dithiopyr, pendimethalin, and prodiamine provided excellent control of spotted. spurge (Euphorbia maculata L.) and yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.) with little injury to the five herbaceous perennials. DCPA, oxadiazon, and metolachlor were tolerated by all treated species, but these chemicals provided lower control of one or both weed species. Oryzalin, isoxaben + trifluralin, and napropamide caused unacceptable injury and shoot fresh-weight reductions in some of the perennials at one or both application rates. Chemical names used: dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (DCPA); S,S-dimethyl 2-(difluoromethyl) -4-(2 -methylpropyl)-6-trifluoromethyl-3,5-pyridinedicarbothioate(dithiopyr);N-[3-(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)-5-isoxazolyl]-2,6-dimethoxybenzamide(isoxaben); 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide(metolachlor);N,N-diethyl-2-(l-naphtha1enenyloxy) propanamide(napropamide);4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin);3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethy1)-l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H)-one (oxadiazon); N-(1-ethylpropyl) -3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzamine (pendimethalin); N,N-di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine (prodiamine); 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzamine (trifluralin).

scholarly journals (217) Preemergence Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034A-1034
Author(s):  
David Staats ◽  
James Klett ◽  
Teri Howlett ◽  
Matt Rogoyski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

During the 2005 season, three preemergence herbicides were applied to four container-grown herbaceous perennials and evaluated for weed control, phytotoxicity, and effect on plant growth. The herbicides and application rates were: 1) Pendimethalin (Pendulum 2G) 2.24, 4.48, and 8.96 kg/ha; 2) Trifluralin and Isoxaben (Snapshot 2.5 TG) 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 kg/ha; and 3) S-metolachlor (Pennant Magnum 7.6 EC) 2.8, 5.6, and 11.2 kg/ha. Herbicides were applied to Coral Bells (Heuchera sanguinea), Hopflower Oregano (Origanum libanoticum), CORONADO™ Hyssop (Agastache aurantiaca), and SPANISH PEAKS™ Foxglove (Digitalis thapsi). Treatments were applied twice with 30 days between applications. Plants were evaluated for phytotoxicity after 1, 2, and 4 weeks after applying herbicide treatments. No phytotoxicity symptoms were apparent on any of the plants treated with Pendulum, and plant size (dry mass) was not affected. Snapshot resulted in visual phytotoxicity with Digitalis and Heuchera at the higher rates and also resulted in smaller plants. Pennant Magnum caused phytotoxicity at all rates in all plants and resulted in significantly smaller plants than the control. Weed control was very good with all herbicides, but did not control every weed.

scholarly journals Weed Control for Pot-In-Pot Production using Preemergence Herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare ◽  
Patricia Knight ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
James Altland
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to investigate herbicides currently labeled for field and/or container production for use in pot-in-pot production. Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.), red maple (Acer rubrum Spach. ‘Autumn Flame’ and ‘Franksred’), ornamental pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne. ‘Bradford’ and ‘Cleveland Select’), river birch (Betula nigra L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. and F. pennsylvanica Marsh.‘Marshall's Seedless’), and zelkova (Zelkova serrata Spach ‘Village Green’) were evaluated for herbicide tolerance. Barricade 65WG, Surflan 4AS, and Pendulum 60WDG, used alone or in combination with Princep and Gallery 75 DF, had no adverse effect on tree shoot growth or trunk caliper growth when applied as a directed band application. Weed control varied depending upon local site conditions, herbicide rate and weed species.

Interaction of Prodiamine and Flumioxazin for Nursery Weed Control

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn Wehtje ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Stephen C. Marble
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Rate Range ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Both prodiamine and flumioxazin are used in the nursery production and landscape maintenance industries in the southeastern United States for preemergence weed control. Research was conducted to determine whether a tank mixture of these two herbicides would be more effective than either component applied alone. Prodiamine alone, flumioxazin alone, and a 72 : 28 (by weight) prodiamine–flumioxazin mixture were each applied at a series of rates to containers filled with a pine bark–sand substrate that is typical for nursery production in the southeastern United States. Our intent was to have a rate range that hopefully extended from ineffective to lethal for each treatment series. Subsequent to treatment, containers were overseeded with either large crabgrass, spotted spurge, or eclipta. Percent control was determined by comparing treated weed foliage fresh weight to that of the appropriate nontreated control at 6 and 12 wk after application. ANOVA followed by nonlinear regression was used to evaluate the interaction of prodiamine and flumioxazin when combined and to determine the rate of each treatment series required for 95% control (if applicable) for each of the three weed species. Results varied with weed species. The mixture was synergistic and more cost effective than either of the components applied alone in controlling spotted spurge. With respect to large crabgrass control, the mixture was additive and slightly more cost effective than the components. Eclipta could only be controlled with flumioxazin, and this control was antagonized by the addition of prodiamine.

scholarly journals Native Wildflower Establishment with Imidazolinone Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Beran ◽  
Roch E. Gaussoin ◽  
Robert A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Flower Density ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Native wildflowers are important components of grassland communities and low-maintenance wildflower seed mixtures. Weed interference limits successful establishment of native wildflowers from seed. Experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the imidazolinone herbicides imazethapyr, imazapic, and imazaquin on the establishment of blackeyed susan (Rudbeckia hirta L.), upright prairieconeflower [Ratibida columnifera (Nutt) Woot. and Standl.], spiked liatris [Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.], blanket flower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh.), purple coneflower [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.], and spotted beebalm (Monarda punctata L.). Wildflower response to the herbicide treatments was variable and appeared to be influenced by the level of weed interference. Establishment of the native wildflowers after application of imazethapyr or imazapic at 70 g·ha-1 a.i. was generally improved at sites with greater weed interference. Emergence and density of wildflowers was often reduced by imazapic in sites with low weed interference. Flower density during the second growing season was usually either improved or not reduced by either imazethapyr or imazapic. Based on these findings, imazethapyr and imazapic can reduce weed interference and improve the establishment of some native wildflowers in areas with high weed infestations. Chemical names used: (±) -2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (imazapic); 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (imazaquin); 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid (imazethapyr).

scholarly journals The Effect of Composted Organic Wastes on Weed Control Provided by Preemergence Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 470E-470
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Johnson ◽  
Larry Kuhns ◽  
Tracey Harpster
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Yard Waste ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Composted Sewage Sludge

Community waste management programs that include the composting of sewage sludge and yard wastes have become a necessity. Using these composts provides many benefits; however, increased levels of organic matter may reduce the effectiveness of preemergence herbicides. Determining how herbicide application rates may need to be adjusted when composted waste is incorporated into the soil may permit the use of these amendments without any decrease in weed control. This experiment examined the effect of two types of compost (composted sewage sludge and composted yard waste) on the weed control provided by four preemergence herbicides. The soil was a Hagerstown silt loam amended with 10%, 20%, or 30% compost by volume. Each mix was placed in half-gallon cardboard milk cartons. The cartons were seeded at 1/2 and 1/4 inches with a mixture of broadleaved weeds and grasses. Each soil mix was treated with simazine, oxyfluorfen, oryzalin, and metolachlor at two rates. Control was evaluated both visually by number and by the dry weight of the harvested weeds. Preliminary results indicate composted sewage sludge causes a greater reduction in herbicide efficacy than composted yard waste. Oryzalin and metolachlor were affected less than oxyfluorfen or simazine. The experiment was repeated using lower application rates. In one replication the soil mixes from the previous experiment were used. The second replication used a Hagerstown silty clay loam soil with fresh compost. The results of this experiment will provide preliminary information for future field studies designed to determine if the application rates of preemergence herbicides need to be adjusted when fields are amended with composted organic matter.

scholarly journals Weed Control and Phytotoxicity of Preemergence Herbicides Applied to Container-grown Herbaceous Plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Staats ◽  
David Hillock ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Vigorous Growth ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Five preemergence herbicides were applied to seven herbaceous perennials to evaluate weed control efficacy and phytotoxicity. Different species were used each year. The species used during 1992 were coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida Ait. `Goldstrum'), common foxglove (Digitalis purpurea L. `Excelsior'), Shasta daisy (Leucanthemum ×superbum Bergmans `Alaska'), Stokes's aster (Stokesia laevis Greene `Blue Danube'), and avens (Geum Quellyon Sweet `Mrs. Bradshaw'). The species used in 1993 were woolly yarrow (Achillea tomentosa L.) and woolly thyme (Thymus pseudolanuginosus Ronn.). The herbicides and rates were napropamide (Devrinol 10G) at 4 and 8 lb a.i./acre; metolachlor (Pennant 5G) at 4 and 8 lb a.i./acre; oxyfluorfen+oryzalin (Rout 3G) at 3 and 12 lb a.i./acre; trifluralin (Treflan 5G) at 4 and 8 lb a.i./acre; and oxadiazon (Ronstar 2G) at 4 and 8 lb a.i./acre. Plants were grown in no. 1 containers and weed seeds were sown onto the substrate surface. Two control treatments, no herbicides but with weeds (weedy control), and no weeds or herbicides (weed-free control) also were evaluated. Weed control was effective and similar for all herbicides tested. Napropamide at 8 lb a.i./acre caused stunting in foxglove (20% to 45% less growth compared to weed-free control). Oxyfluorfen + oryzlain at 12 lb a.i./acre caused severe phytotoxicity (≈80% to 95% of plant injured) and stunted the growth (70% to 80% less growth, sometimes plant death) of woolly yarrow. Woolly thyme was stunted by all herbicides when applied at the recommended rates (42% to 97% less growth compared to control) except for oxadiazon and oxyfluorfen + oryzlain. Woolly thyme appeared to be more susceptible to phytotoxicity due to its less-vigorous growth habit and shallow, adventitious roots that were in contact with the herbicide.

scholarly journals WEED INTERFERENCE AND WEED PROBLEMS IN LOUISIANA SWEETPOTATOES—A REVIEW

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 761b-761
Author(s):  
Wayne C. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

High annual rainfall and frequent torrential deluges have always made weed control a tenuous affair in Louisiana. Herbicide leaching and soil erosion often take preemergence herbicides to the nether regions. Before the time of postemergent grass herbicides, frequent cultivation was the only method to try to salvage the sweetpotato crop when preemergence weed control was lost. For many years, the most serious weed problems were prickly sida, cocklebur, and purple nutsedge with occasional hotspots of morning-glory. However, due to the change in herbicides used, the species of problem weeds have shifted to rice flatsedge, yellow and purple nutsedge, carpetweed, and various pigweeds. Before the registration of Command herbicide for use in sweetpotatoes, many sweetpotato growers used herbicides that effectively controlled or suppressed the current problem weeds. With the widespread use of Command, prior problem weed species are effectively controlled, but these other problem weeds are released.

Weed Control and Yield are Equal in Conventional, Reduced-, and No-Tillage Soybean (Glycine max) After 11 Years

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Excellent Control

Field experiments were conducted from 1979 to 1989 to determine the influence of conventional, reduced, and no-tillage systems and different herbicide combinations on weed species and population, weed control, and soybean injury, population, and yield. In no-till (NT) non-treated plots, there was an abrupt shift from horseweed as the dominant early spring emerging weed to gray goldenrod in 1985. Following its initial observation, gray goldenrod became the dominant species within 2 yr, with giant foxtail as the only other species observed in these plots. Giant foxtail was the dominant weed species from 1980 to 1989 in conventional till (CT) and reduced-till (RT) plots. There also was a shift in the frequency of occurrence and in density of several broadleaf weed species during the 11-yr study. Most herbicides provided excellent control of all weeds in all tillage systems, especially those that included POST herbicides. There was little difference between glyphosate and paraquat in controlling weeds present at the time of planting in NT. PRE herbicides caused 2 to 9% soybean injury with slightly greater injury occurring in CT and RT than in NT. The POST broadleaf herbicides did not significantly increase soybean injury. There were no differences in soybean population or yield among the herbicide treatments regardless of tillage. There also was no difference in soybean population or yield in NT compared with CT when averaged over all herbicide treatments.

Influence of Crop Canopy, Weed Maturity, and Rainfall on Acifluorfen Activity

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Ritter ◽  
Harold D. Coble
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
Weed Control Efficiency ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Plant Emergence

In greenhouse studies, control of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL. ♯ AMBEL) and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr. ♯ XANPE) was achieved whether or not soybeans [Glycine maxL. (Merr.) ‘Ransom’] partially shielded the weeds from foliar applications of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}. Excellent control (> 90%) of common ragweed was obtained in the greenhouse 2 and 4 weeks after plant emergence. Best control (> 90%) of common cocklebur was obtained 2 weeks after plant emergence. A simulated rainfall of 0.6 cm occurring 1 min after acifluorfen application did not decrease control or fresh weight of common ragweed in greenhouse studies. The weed control efficiency of acifluorfen on common cocklebur was reduced when the herbicide was applied intermittently within 6 h of the 0.6-cm simulated rainfall. The weed control efficiency of acifluorfen on both weed species was also reduced when the herbicide was applied intermittently within 6 to 12 h of a 1.3-cm simulated rainfall in greenhouse studies. In field studies, 2.5 cm of simulated rainfall within 12 to 24 h after acifluorfen application reduced control of common ragweed.

scholarly journals Preemergent Weed Control in Container-grown Herbaceous Perennials

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Julie Schuett ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Ajuga Reptans ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Dicentra Spectabilis

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate several preemergence herbicides for weed control, effects on plant growth, and phytotoxicity to container-grown herbaceous perennials. Surflan (Oryzalin) was applied at 0, 2.24, 4.48, 6.72 kg ai/ha (0, 2, 4, 6 lb ai/A), Ronstar (Oxadiazon) at 0, 4.48, 8.96, 13.44 kg ai/ha (0, 4, 8, 12 lb ai/A), and Rout (Oxyfluorfen + Oryzalin) at 0, 3.36, 6.72, 10.08 kg ai/ha (0, 3, 6,9 lb ai/A) to container-grown Ajuga reptans atropurpurea L. (carpet bugle), Campanula garganica major (Ten.) Fiori (bellflower), and Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (spike gayfeather). Additionally, Devrinol (Napropamide) and Treflan (Trifluralin) were each applied at 0, 4.48, 8.96, 13.44 kg ai/ha (0, 4, 8, 12 lb ai/A) to Astilbe × arendsii Arends. (false spirea) and Dicentra spectabilis (L.) Lem. (bleeding heart). Plants were grown in 2.54 1 (#1) containers in a medium of sand, topsoil, and sphagnum peat (1:1:1 by vol). Weed control was acceptable with all herbicides except Surflan at 2.24 kg ai/ha (2 lb ai/A) which did not control shepardspurse. Surflan applied at either 4.48 (41b ai/A) or 6.72 kg ai/ha (61b ai/A) rate resulted in phytotoxicity of carpet bugle, while the 6.72 kg ai/ha rate (6 lb ai/A) significantly reduced plant growth.

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