scholarly journals Weed Control for Pot-In-Pot Production using Preemergence Herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Donna C. Fare ◽  
Patricia Knight ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
James Altland
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to investigate herbicides currently labeled for field and/or container production for use in pot-in-pot production. Southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.), red maple (Acer rubrum Spach. ‘Autumn Flame’ and ‘Franksred’), ornamental pear (Pyrus calleryana Decne. ‘Bradford’ and ‘Cleveland Select’), river birch (Betula nigra L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. and F. pennsylvanica Marsh.‘Marshall's Seedless’), and zelkova (Zelkova serrata Spach ‘Village Green’) were evaluated for herbicide tolerance. Barricade 65WG, Surflan 4AS, and Pendulum 60WDG, used alone or in combination with Princep and Gallery 75 DF, had no adverse effect on tree shoot growth or trunk caliper growth when applied as a directed band application. Weed control varied depending upon local site conditions, herbicide rate and weed species.

Weed Control and Herbicide Tolerance in a Common Vetch-Oat Intercrop

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Rafael Caballero ◽  
Carmen Barro ◽  
Carmen Alzueta ◽  
Mercedes Arauzo ◽  
Pedro J. Hernaiz
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Forage Yields

Field studies were conducted over 3 yr in central Spain to investigate the tolerance of common vetch and oat to some preemergence herbicides and their effects on weed control, forage yields, and botanical composition of the forage mixture. Pendimethalin was the only herbicide that injured common vetch. Pronamide and pronamide plus diuron injured oat by affecting plant emergence. Prevalent weed species were fumitory, henbit, and wild buckwheat. All herbicides provided more than 90% control of fumitory and most herbicides except pronamide provided more than 90% control of henbit relative to the untreated check. Wild buckwheat stands were reduced by isoxaben (68%), linuron (40%), prometryn (69%), pronamide (86%), and pronamide plus diuron (61%). More than 90% control of prostrate knotweed was achieved with isoxaben, pronamide, and terbutryn. Pronamide and pronamide plus diuron reduced forage yields and increased vetch in the forage. The untreated vetch and oat monocrop treatments showed the competitive advantage of oat over vetch and weedy species.

Establishing white clover (Trifolium repens) as a living mulch: weed control and herbicide tolerance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Basinger ◽  
Nicholas S. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Weed Emergence

Abstract With the increasing focus on herbicide-resistant weeds and the lack of introduction of new modes of action, many producers have turned to annual cover crops as a tool for reducing weed populations. Recent studies have suggested that perennial cover crops such as white clover could be used as living mulch. However, white clover is slow to establish and is susceptible to competition from winter weeds. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine clover tolerance and weed control in established stands of white clover to several herbicides. Studies were conducted in the fall and winter of 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 at the J. Phil Campbell Research and Education Center in Watkinsville, GA, and the Southeast Georgia Research and Education Center in Midville, GA. POST applications of imazethapyr, bentazon, or flumetsulam at low and high rates, or in combination with 2,4-D and 2,4-DB, were applied when clover reached 2 to 3 trifoliate stage. Six weeks after the initial POST application, a sequential application of bentazon and flumetsulam individually, and combinations of 2,4-D, 2,4-DB, and flumetsulam were applied over designated plots. Clover biomass was similar across all treatments except where it was reduced by sequential applications of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB + flumetsulam in the 2019 to 2020 season indicating that most treatments were safe for use on establishing living mulch clover. A single application of flumetsulam at the low rate or a single application of 2,4-D + 2,4-DB provided the greatest control of all weed species while minimizing clover injury when compared to the non-treated check. These herbicide options allow for control of problematic winter weeds during clover establishment, maximizing clover biomass and limiting canopy gaps that would allow for summer weed emergence.

scholarly journals 014 Effects of Preemergence Herbicides on Weeds and Eighteen Containerized Crops

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 390C-390
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps ◽  
Daniel W. McColley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Five preemergence herbicides (prodiamine 0.5 G, prodiamine 65 WDG, dithiopyr 0.27 G, thiazopyr 2.5 G, and oxyfluorfen + pendimethalin 3 G) were evaluated for weed control and crop safety on 18 plants (Acer rubrum, Agapanthus africanus, Asparagus densiflorus, Camellia sasanqua, × Cupressocyparis leylandii, Cycas revoluta, Galphimia gracillis, Gelsemium sempervirens, Illicium parviflorum, Lantana camara, Loropetalum chinense, Myrtis communis, Ophiopogon jaburan, Plumbago, Quercus virginiana, Rhododendron, Viburnum suspensum, and Zamia floridana. Herbicides were applied at 1.7 kg a.i./ha, except for oxyfluorfern + pendimethalin, which was applied at 3.4 kg a.i./ha. Treatments were applied twice at 4-month intervals. Untreated and weed-free controls were used to determine herbicide effects on weeds and crops, respectively. All herbicide treatments reduced weed growth (dry-weight basis) and weeding times. Major weeds were dogfennel [Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small], southern crabgrass [Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler], yellow woodsorrel (Oxalis stricta L.), tasselflower (Emilia spp.), and hairy crabweed [Fatoua villosa (Thumb.) Nakai]. Based on weed dry weights, overall weed control for the first 4 months was higher for diazopyr, thiazopyr, and prodiamine G than for the combination treatment. At 8 months, weed growth was similar for all herbicide treatments. The combination treatment was acutely phytotoxicity to more crops than the other treatments; however, phytotoxicity varied with crop, active ingredient, and formulation.

scholarly journals WEED INTERFERENCE AND WEED PROBLEMS IN LOUISIANA SWEETPOTATOES—A REVIEW

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 761b-761
Author(s):  
Wayne C. Porter
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

High annual rainfall and frequent torrential deluges have always made weed control a tenuous affair in Louisiana. Herbicide leaching and soil erosion often take preemergence herbicides to the nether regions. Before the time of postemergent grass herbicides, frequent cultivation was the only method to try to salvage the sweetpotato crop when preemergence weed control was lost. For many years, the most serious weed problems were prickly sida, cocklebur, and purple nutsedge with occasional hotspots of morning-glory. However, due to the change in herbicides used, the species of problem weeds have shifted to rice flatsedge, yellow and purple nutsedge, carpetweed, and various pigweeds. Before the registration of Command herbicide for use in sweetpotatoes, many sweetpotato growers used herbicides that effectively controlled or suppressed the current problem weeds. With the widespread use of Command, prior problem weed species are effectively controlled, but these other problem weeds are released.

How Planting Method, Weed Abatement, and Herbivory Affect Afforestation Success

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard W. Sweeney ◽  
Stephen J. Czapka ◽  
L. Carol A. Petrow
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Tree Shelters ◽  
Seedling Survivorship ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Method Of Planting ◽  
Planting Method

Abstract The success of upland and riparian afforestation depends on landowners making informed decisions about key factors such as the quality of seedlings (species, size, and root stock), planting technique, site preparation, weed and herbivore control, and planting pattern for the plantation. We show here that the short-term (1 year) and longer-term (3 year) effects on seedling survivorship and growth due to planting technique (dibble-bar versus auger) did not differ significantly for the five test species (red maple [Acer rubrum L.], eastern redbud [Cercis canadensis L.], green ash [Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh], sweetbay magnolia [Magnolia virginiana L.], and sweet gum [Liquidambar styraciflua L.]). Weed treatment (tree mats, initial herbiciding, and annual herbiciding) also failed to significantly increase seedling survivorship or growth, a result hypothesized to be caused by high moisture and nutrient content of soils on the site. In contrast, tree shelters significantly increased seedling survivorship and growth after 1 and 3 years. For some species, 3-year survivorship was up to fivefold higher with shelters. Long-term weed control increased survivorship of sheltered seedlings but decreased survivorship for those without shelters because of increased exposure to deer. For this site, successful afforestation depends more on protecting seedlings from herbivory with tree shelters than on either the method of planting or the method of controlling weeds.

scholarly journals Influence of Pine Bark Substrate Age on Performance and Leaching of Nursery Preemergence Herbicides

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 896-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody J. Stewart ◽  
S. Christopher Marble ◽  
Brian Jackson ◽  
Brian J. Pearson ◽  
P. Christopher Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Cardamine Flexuosa ◽  
P Leaching ◽  
High Level ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Substrate Age

The objective of these experiments was to determine if preemergence herbicides perform similarly across pine bark that was aged for varying lengths of time including 0, 4, 8, and 12 months after bark removal from harvested trees. Three preemergence herbicides were evaluated for three separate weed species, including 1) Cardamine flexuosa With. (bittercress) with isoxaben, 2) Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (large crabgrass) with prodiamine, and 3) Oxalis stricta L. (woodsorrel) with dimethenamid-P. Leaching of herbicides through substrates was evaluated for prodiamine. Weed growth in the various substrates was variable, but few differences were detected in weed growth among the pine bark substrates evaluated. For isoxaben and prodiamine, weed control was similar among the pine bark substrates in most cases when label rates were applied. Although some differences were detected in prodiamine performance across different pine bark ages, a high level of control was achieved in all cases at rates well below manufacturer recommendations. Prodiamine leaching was minimal in all substrates. It would be recommended that growers test substrates for physical properties before use so that irrigation and other production inputs could be modified if needed. In most cases, growers should expect similar performance of preemergence herbicides regardless of pine bark substrate age.

scholarly journals WEEKLY COLD HARDINESS LEVELS OF SEVEN DECIDUOUS HARDWOODS OVER THREE WINTER SEASONS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143b-1143
Author(s):  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Response To Temperature

The cold hardiness of seven deciduous hardwoods, red maple (Acer rubrum L.), white oak, (Quercus alba L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), sweetgum (Liguidambar stryaciflua L.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), river birch (Betula nigra L.) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) were evaluated weekly during the fall, winter and spring for three consecutive years. All trees evaluated were established (20-40 years old) and locatd on the Georgia Station Griffin, GA. Each species developed a maximum cold hardiness of at least -30 C by mid-January or early February each season. Response to temperature fluctuations varied with species. Red maple, for example, lost less cold hardiness due to warm mid-winter temperatures than the other species tested, while white oak tended to respond more quickly to the temperature fluctuations. Data will be presented comparing the response of cold hardiness to mid-winter temperature fluctuations for each species for the three year period.

Herbicide Programs in No-Tillage and Conventional-Tillage Soybeans (Glycine max) Double Cropped After Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Sims ◽  
David R. Guethle
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Herbicide Programs ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Postemergence and commonly used preemergence plus postemergence herbicide programs were evaluated for weed control in conventional and no-tillage soybeans double cropped after winter wheat in the northern Mississippi River Delta. Broadleaf weed species present varied with tillage, location, and year. Large crabgrass was present in both tillage systems for all locations and years. Conventional tillage usually resulted in higher densities of large crabgrass, common cocklebur, and smooth pigweed. Soil-applied preemergence herbicides alone did not provide season-long ivyleaf and entireleaf morningglory or common cocklebur control in either tillage system. For weed control and soybean yields comparable to weed-free controls, postemergence broadleaf herbicides were required in both tillage systems following the soil-applied herbicide programs, alachlor plus linuron and alachlor plus metribuzin. Postemergence herbicide programs provided excellent season-long annual grass and broadleaf weed control when sethoxydim was applied separately from the broadleaf herbicides. Antagonism of large crabgrass control resulted when sethoxydim was tank mixed with postemergence broadleaf herbicides, compared to separate applications of the postemergence grass and broadleaf herbicides. In three out of four studies, soybean yields in handweeded controls were similar between tillage systems.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Field Nurseries

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Altland ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Glenn Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Field Nursery ◽  
Nursery Crops ◽  
Herbicide Use ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Chemical Class

Herbicide use is an important component of weed management in field nursery crops. No single herbicide controls all weed species. Oxyfluorfen, simazine, and isoxaben are preemergence herbicides effective against broadleaf weeds. Oryzalin, pendimethalin, and prodiamine are effective in preemergence control of grasses and some small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Metolachlor is the only herbicide currently labeled for nursery crops that is effective in preemergence nutsedge (Cyperus) control. Fluazifop-butyl, sethoxydim, and clethodim are selective postemergence herbicides used for grass control. Glyphosate, paraquat, and glufosinate are nonselective postemergence herbicides used in directed spray applications for broad-spectrum weed control. Bentazon, halosulfuron, and imazaquin are effective postemergence nutsedge herbicides. These herbicides are discussed with respect to their chemical class, mode of action, labeled rates, and current research addressing their effectiveness in nursery crops.

scholarly journals Optimising time of planting and herbicide aplication for control of problem weeds in maize

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman ◽  
M. Trolove
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field trials in Waikato Bay of Plenty and Manawatu investigated the efficacy of pre and postemergence herbicides for weed control in maize crops planted early mid or late season with prior cultivation or into a stale seedbed Achieving good control of broadleaf weeds was easier than for annual grass weeds Some weed species germinated over a long period from spring to summer months The residual activity of preemergence herbicides was not sufficient for seasonlong control of such weeds in the early and mid planted crops and a postemergence herbicide was essential to control them and to maintain grain yields When grass weeds were dominant the pre and postemergence combination still did not provide season long control in the early plantings In late planted crops weed control was also poor in the absence of a postemergence herbicide even though few weeds were present at the postemergence application time The weed seedbank was reduced where good weed control was achieved

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