scholarly journals 089 EFFECT OF ROOTSTOCK ON GROWTH, PRODUCTIVITY, AND FRUIT COMPOSITION OF ZINFANDEL GRAPEVINES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 440f-441
Author(s):  
R.K. Striegler ◽  
D.R. Wineman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Shoot Number

Selected rootstocks were evaluated for four seasons in a Zinfandel vineyard located in the northern San Joaquin Valley of California. The vineyard was drip-irrigated and vineyard spacing was 2.1m × 3.3m (vine × row). A two-wire vertical trellis system was used and row orientation was east to west. Vines were trained to a bilateral cordon and spur-pruned. Rootstocks included in the study were: AxR #1, Freedom, Harmony, Kober 5BB, and Teleki 5C. Vines grafted on AxR #1 rootstock were considered to be the control treatment. A randomized complete block experimental design was used. There were six blocks and plots consisted of five vines. Data collected included yield, components of yield, fruit composition, bloom petiole nutrient content, shoot number, and pruning weight. After the initial season, yields were consistently highest for vines grafted on Freedom rootstock, with yields only slightly lower on AxR #1 rootstock. Significantly lower yields were recorded for vines grafted on Kober 5BB and Teleki 5C. Rootstock did not have a consistent effect on fruit composition. Shoots/vine and shoots/meter of canopy were not significantly effected by rootstock. Dormant pruning weight was highest for Freedom and lowest for Kober 5BB. These results suggest that rootstock selection can influence vineyard productivity in the northern San Joaquin Valley. Continued research is needed to determine long term effects of the rootstocks used in this study.

Long-term effects of different irrigation strategies on yield components, vine vigour, and grape composition in cv. Cabernet-Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Junquera ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague ◽  
Laura Jiménez ◽  
Rubén Linares ◽  
Pilar Baeza
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Long Term Effects

scholarly journals Long term effects of nitrogen and water supply on confered vigour and yield by SO4 and Riparia gloire de Montpellier rootstocks

OENO One ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pascal Tandonnet ◽  
Jean-Pierre Soyer ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gaudillère ◽  
Stéphanie Decroocq ◽  
Louis Bordenave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: the present study was designed to test the hypothesis according to which rootstock effects on scion growth and yield are related to fundamental physiological traits which are expressed consistently and independently of environmental conditions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Pruning weights and yield components from two independent rootstock experiments are reported. In the first experiment, the effect of two levels (30 and 70 kgN/ha/year) was studied during 15 years on Cabernet-Sauvignon vines grafted onto SO4 and Riparia Gloire de Montpellier (RGM). In the second one, Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot vines grafted on SO4 and RGM were submitted to two levels of soil fertility shortly after plantation: control and high (100 kgN/ha/year + irrigation) and data from the plantation to year 6 were recorded. In both experiments, vine vigour and yield were significantly affected by rootstocks and fertilisation/irrigation treatments. No interaction was recorded. The devigorating effect of RGM in comparison to SO4 was observed in both experiments, regardless of other parameters. Cabernet-Sauvignon was more affected by rootstock than Merlot.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Rootstock effects on vine vegetative and reproductive development were consistently expressed, indicating that scion-rootstock interactions are governed not only by adaptative, but also by specific physiological traits.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: This work provides information on scion-rootstock interactions which may be useful in rootstock breeding programs and may help to better choose the rootstock according to the scion and the environment.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of arsenic stress on 5-methylcytosine, photosynthetic parameters and nutrient content in Pteris cretica var. Albo-lineata hyperaccumulator

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Zemanová ◽  
Marek Popov ◽  
Daniela Pavlíková ◽  
Pavel Kotrba ◽  
František Hnilička ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Pteris Cretica ◽  
Arsenic Stress ◽  
As Toxicity

Abstract Background Arsenic (As) toxicity induces a range of metabolic responses in plants, including DNA methylation. The focus of this paper was on the relationship between As-induced long-term stress and plant senescence in the hyperaccumulator Pteris cretica var. Albo-lineata ( Pc -Al).Results We showed that Pc -Al grown in pots of haplic chernozem contaminated with 100 mg As kg -1 (As 100 ) for 122 days could accumulate more than 2000 and 2800 mg As kg -1 dry matter in old and young fronds, respectively. Analysis of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in Pc -Al confirmed that the overall DNA methylation status in fronds of As 100 ferns was reduced in contrast to control treatment. Compared with controls, the overall DNA methylation status in fronds of As 100 ferns was reduced (by 6% in young and 10% in old fronds); however, the decrease was significant only in old fronds. The significant correlations for 5mC, in contrast to direct As toxicity, showed that decreases of chlorophylls, fluorescence and photosynthetic rate could be affected by epigenetic changes. Photosynthetic processes were determined in As 100 treatment and showed a reduction of gas-exchange parameters, and a decrease in carotenoids and chlorophylls (by 5% and 26%, respectively). Hyperaccumulation of As resulted in a significant elevation of all analysed nutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn, Mg, S) in old fronds, but not in young fronds.Conclusions The results of this paper point to complex changes in the metabolism of the hyperaccumulator plant Pc -Al, upon exposure to As contamination. The most significant impact was found in young fronds. The physiological parameters correlated more significantly with a decrease of DNA methylation than with direct As toxicity. Our analysis of the very low water potential values and lignification of cell walls in roots showed that transports of assimilated metabolites and water between roots and fronds were reduced.

scholarly journals Sustained Intensive treatment and Long-term Effects on HbA1c Reduction (SILVER Study) by CGM in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with MDI

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Lind ◽  
Arndís F. Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Irl B. Hirsch ◽  
Jan Bolinder ◽  
Sofia Dahlqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Satisfaction ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Self Monitoring

Objective: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) reduces HbA1c and time spent in hypoglycemia in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) when evaluated over shorter time periods. It is unclear to what extent CGM improves and helps to maintain glucose control, treatment satisfaction, diabetes distress, hypoglycemic concerns and overall well-being over longer periods of time <p><br> Research design and methods: The GOLD trial was a randomized crossover trial performed over 16 months of CGM treatment in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with MDI. Persons completing the trial (n=141) were invited to participate in the current SILVER extension study in which 107 patients continued CGM treatment over 1 year along with the support of a diabetes nurse every 3 months. <br> <br> </p> <p>Results: The primary endpoint, change in HbA1c over 1.0-1.5 years CGM use compared with previous self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) during GOLD, showed a decrease in HbA1c of 0.35% (95% CI 0.19-0.50), p<0.001. Time spent in hypoglycemia <3.0 mmol/l (54 mg/dl) and <4.0 mmol/l (72 mg/dl) decreased from 2.1% to 0.6% (p<0.001) and from 5.4% to 2.9% (p<0.001), respectively. Overall well-being (WHO-5, p=0.009), treatment satisfaction (DTSQ, p<0.001) and hypoglycemic confidence (p<0.001) increased, while hypoglycemic fear (HFS-Worry, p=0.016) decreased and diabetes distress tended to decrease (PAID, p=0.06). From randomization and screening in GOLD, HbA1c was lowered by 0.45% (p<0.001) and 0.68% (p<0.001) after 2.3 and 2.5 years, respectively. <br> <br> Conclusions: The SILVER study supports beneficial long-term effects from CGM on HbA1c, hypoglycemia, treatment satisfaction, well-being and hypoglycemic confidence in persons with T1D managed with MDI. </p>

scholarly journals Acute effects of an anionic diet on bone mineral homeostasis in the bovine

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Beighle ◽  
P.A. Boyazoglu ◽  
R.W. Hemken
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

ABSTRACT Fifteen Friesian oxen between 12 and 18 months of age with a mean body mass of 240.7 kg were randomly assigned to diets containing 0.25 % phosphorus (P) or less, to evaluate the acute effects of an acidiogenic diet of -11.1 meq/100 g of diet dry matter, compared with a basiogenic diet of +25.6 meq/100 g or a control diet of +16.5 meq/100 g of diet dry matter calculated as (Na + K) - (Cl + S), on blood, bone and faecal P, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) for a period of 9 weeks. Blood, bone and faecal responses to an anionic diet are described. An inverse relationship existed between bone and blood Ca, in which there was resorption from bone with increased blood Ca in response to the anionic diet. The anionic treatment group demonstrated simultaneous increases in bone, blood and faecal P concentrations at various stages of the experiment compared to the cationic and control treatment groups. Results indicate independent absorption and resorption of Ca and P into and out of bone. There was wide variation in the bone Ca:P ratio between 2.02 and 1.51 among animals fed the anionic diet, with the Ca:P ratio following Ca values and not bone P values. Bone and blood P had a linear relationship with dietary cation:anion balance (DCAB), increasing as the diet became more anionic in nature, but faecal P was curvilinear with highest concentrations at -11.1 and +25.6 meq/100 g compared to +16.5 meq/100 g. Concurrent blood, bone and faecal P increases at some stages of the experiment indicate a P-sparing effect of the anionic diet and warrants further research into the long-term effects of anions in the diet, leading to their use as a possible addition to improved licks in P-deficient areas.

Lessons Learned from the Trois-Rivières Physical Education Study: A Retrospective

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard ◽  
François Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Education Study ◽  
And Function

This article looks retrospectively at lessons learned from the Trois-Rivières physical education study. A brief review of the experimental design shows 546 students assigned by class cohort to either an additional 5 hours of quality physical education per week in grades 1 through 6, or a control treatment (minimal physical education by the homeroom teacher). Strengths of the study include a quasi-experimental design, a prolonged and well-defined intervention, assessment of compensation for the program, continuation of observations into middle age, collection of data in urban and rural environments, consistency of teaching staff and technical personnel, documentation of changes in academic achievement, assessment of bone maturation, a carefully constructed database, and control for cross-contamination. Limitations include some secular change, limited information on pubertal stages, difficulty in generalizing findings to an English-speaking environment, and some rigidity in the statistical design. The study demonstrates that cardiorespiratory function, muscle strength, and field performance can all be enhanced in primary school with no negative impact on academic work. Further, attitudes, behavior, and function are favorably influenced in adults. Future studies should seek out stable populations, define interventions closely, contract with participants for a long-term follow-up, and assess the immediate and long-term impact on health and function. Above all, there is a need for a dedicated principal investigator who will devote his or her entire career to the longitudinal study.

scholarly journals Sustained Intensive treatment and Long-term Effects on HbA1c Reduction (SILVER Study) by CGM in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with MDI

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Lind ◽  
Arndís F. Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Irl B. Hirsch ◽  
Jan Bolinder ◽  
Sofia Dahlqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Treatment Satisfaction ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Self Monitoring

Objective: Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) reduces HbA1c and time spent in hypoglycemia in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) when evaluated over shorter time periods. It is unclear to what extent CGM improves and helps to maintain glucose control, treatment satisfaction, diabetes distress, hypoglycemic concerns and overall well-being over longer periods of time <p><br> Research design and methods: The GOLD trial was a randomized crossover trial performed over 16 months of CGM treatment in persons with type 1 diabetes treated with MDI. Persons completing the trial (n=141) were invited to participate in the current SILVER extension study in which 107 patients continued CGM treatment over 1 year along with the support of a diabetes nurse every 3 months. <br> <br> </p> <p>Results: The primary endpoint, change in HbA1c over 1.0-1.5 years CGM use compared with previous self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) during GOLD, showed a decrease in HbA1c of 0.35% (95% CI 0.19-0.50), p<0.001. Time spent in hypoglycemia <3.0 mmol/l (54 mg/dl) and <4.0 mmol/l (72 mg/dl) decreased from 2.1% to 0.6% (p<0.001) and from 5.4% to 2.9% (p<0.001), respectively. Overall well-being (WHO-5, p=0.009), treatment satisfaction (DTSQ, p<0.001) and hypoglycemic confidence (p<0.001) increased, while hypoglycemic fear (HFS-Worry, p=0.016) decreased and diabetes distress tended to decrease (PAID, p=0.06). From randomization and screening in GOLD, HbA1c was lowered by 0.45% (p<0.001) and 0.68% (p<0.001) after 2.3 and 2.5 years, respectively. <br> <br> Conclusions: The SILVER study supports beneficial long-term effects from CGM on HbA1c, hypoglycemia, treatment satisfaction, well-being and hypoglycemic confidence in persons with T1D managed with MDI. </p>

scholarly journals Impact of nutrient supply on the relative development of yield components of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
István Kristó ◽  
Melinda Tar ◽  
Marianna Vályi Nagy ◽  
István Mihály Petróczi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N Application ◽  
Growing Seasons

In the long-term fertilization experiment, at Fülöpszállás, on calcic meadow chernozem soil we carried out experiments in seven growing seasons (2003/2004, 2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2006/2007, 2007/2008, 2008/2009, 2009/2010) with two winter wheat variety (GK Kalász, GK Petur,) in 4 replications, on 20 square meter random layout plots. The yield components were evaluated by kind of Sváb cumulative yield analysis. It can be determined that one-sided N, PK and NPK 2:1:1 rate applications had significant effect not only on yield of winter wheat, but also on yield components determining yield. Compare with the use of different nutrient rates it can be determined that in Fülöpszállás production site of high humus content, good P2O5 and K2O providing ability; in the case of one-sided N application only slightly, but under PK application higher increase in yield component could be realized compared to plants of unfertilized control plots. The NPK 2:1:1 rate application has spectacularly represented the cumulative effect of nutrients, as the appropriate rate of nutrients caused not only the aggregation of the effects of certain nutrient rates, but intensifying influences resulted in redoubling of its results. The higher rates of PK and certain 2:1:1 rate NPK treatments increase the values of yield components only to a lower extent compared to control treatment.

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