scholarly journals 337 WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO GET A CULTIVATED BEAN?

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 478g-479
Author(s):  
E.M.K. Koinange ◽  
S.P. Singh ◽  
P. Gepts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitivity ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Population ◽  
Wild Progenitors ◽  
Wild Beans

Cultivated plants and their wild progenitors show marked phenotypic differences regarding seed dormancy, the ability to disperse seeds, growth habit, phenology, photoperiod sensitivity, etc. We have used RFLP mapping to investigate the genetic control of these differences in a recombinant inbred population derived from across between a snap bean and a wild bean. Traits were scored either at Davis or in Colombia. Our results suggest that the genetic control is relatively simple. In particular, most of the phenotypic variation (>60%) in the population could be accounted for in genetic terms for all but two traits. The genetic control of many traits involved genes with major effect (>30%). Some regions of the genome had major effects on several traits. Our results suggest that evolution can proceed by macromutations, domestication could have taken place fairly rapidly and introgression of additional genetic diversity could be itrogressed relatively easily from wild beans into the cultivated bean gene pool.

Genetic control of rhizomes and genomic localization of a major-effect growth habit QTL in perennial wildrye

2014 ◽  
Vol 289 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Yun ◽  
Steve R. Larson ◽  
Ivan W. Mott ◽  
Kevin B. Jensen ◽  
Jack E. Staub
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Major Effect

scholarly journals Macronutrients requirement of a snap bean genotype with determinate growth habit in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 644-651
Author(s):  
Ribeiro Barzan Renan ◽  
Gomes Montanucci William ◽  
Adolfo de Freitas Fregonezi Gustavo ◽  
Favoretto Furlan Felipe ◽  
Henrique Campos de Almeida Luiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Bean Genotype ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit

scholarly journals Adaptive response to olive cultivation in a generalist parasitic nematode (Meloidogyne javanica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-368
Author(s):  
Elodie Chapuis ◽  
Nadeen Ali ◽  
Camille Noûs ◽  
Guillaume Besnard
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Asexual Parasite ◽  
Soil Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Genetic Lineages ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Wild Progenitors

Abstract Cultivated plants usually differ from their wild progenitors in several morphological and/or physiological traits. Their microbe communities might also differ because of adaptation to new conditions related to cultivation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated morphological traits in a parthenogenetic root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) from natural and agricultural environments. Seventeen populations of M. javanica were sampled on cultivated and wild olives in Morocco, then maintained in controlled conditions for a ‘common garden’ experiment. We estimated the genetic variation based on three traits (stylet size, neck width and body width) by a quantitative genetic design (ten families per population and nine individuals per family were measured), and molecular variation was investigated with a mitochondrial marker to identify the genetic lineages of nematode isolates sampled from wild and cultivated olives. Significant morphological differences were detected between individuals from wild vs. cultivated hosts for the three traits, whereas no phylogenetic clustering was observed among isolates collected on those two hosts. Our results thus suggest an adaptive response of the asexual parasite, possibly related to the deep modification of soil nematode communities between natural olive stands and orchards.

scholarly journals Fire Blight Resistance of Budagovsky 9 Apple Rootstock

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Russo ◽  
Terence L. Robinson ◽  
Gennaro Fazio ◽  
Herb S. Aldwinckle
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
High Level

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, can cause a fatal infection of apple rootstocks known as rootstock blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. Conflicting results could stem from genetic variation in the B.9 population, appearing as phenotypic differences in rootstock material. However, genetic testing, using 23 microsatellite loci, confirmed the clonal uniformity of B.9 in commerce. Variation in growth habit between B.9 rootstocks originating from two nurseries also has been discounted as a source of disease resistance. Instead, results indicate a possible novel resistance phenotype in B.9 rootstock. B.9 rootstock was susceptible to leaf inoculation by E. amylovora, statistically similar to the susceptible rootstock Malling 9 (M.9). Conversely, inoculation assays targeting woody 4- to 5-year-old tissue revealed a high level of resistance in B.9, whereas M.9 remained susceptible. Although the mechanism by which B.9 gains resistance to E. amylovora is unknown, it is reminiscent of age-related resistance, due to an observed gain of resistance in woody rootstock tissue over succulent shoot tissue. Durable fire blight resistance correlated with tissue development could be a valuable tool for rootstock breeders.

scholarly journals SELF-PRUNING affects auxin responses synergistically with the cyclophilin A DIAGEOTROPICA in tomato

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian B. Silva ◽  
Mateus H. Vicente ◽  
Jessenia M. Robledo ◽  
Diego S. Reartes ◽  
Renata C. Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cyclophilin A ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression

SummaryThe antiflorigenic signal SELF-PRUNING, which controls growth habit, exerts its effects through auxin transport, signaling and metabolism in tomato.AbstractThe SELF PRUNING (SP) gene is a key regulator of growth habit in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). It is an ortholog of TERMINAL FLOWER 1, a phosphatidyl-ethanolamine binding protein with anti-florigenic activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. A spontaneous loss-of-function sp mutation has been bred into a large number of industrial tomato cultivars, as it produces a suite of pleiotropic effects that are favorable for mechanical harvesting, including determinate growth habit, short plant stature and simultaneous fruit ripening. However, the physiological basis for these phenotypic differences has not been thoroughly explained. Here, we show that the sp mutation alters polar auxin transport as well as auxin responses such gravitropic curvature and elongation of excised hypocotyl segments. We further demonstrate that free auxin levels and auxin-regulated gene expression patterns are altered in sp, with epistatic effects of diageotropica, a mutation in a cyclophilin A protein-encoding gene. Our results indicate that SP impacts growth habit in tomato, at least in part, via changes in auxin transport and responsiveness. These findings hint at novel targets that could be manipulated in the control of growth habit and productivity.

scholarly journals Determinate growth habit of grain legumes: role in domestication and selection, genetic control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Krylova ◽  
Elena Khlestkina ◽  
Marina Burlyaeva ◽  
Margarita Vishnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit

This review is devoted to the analysis of molecular genetic mechanisms of controlling the type of growth habit of grain legumes (pea, soybean, common bean, vigna); it provides information on the known homologous genes TFL1, LFY, AP1, FUL, FT, and FD. Significant changes in plant architecture were during domestication of grain legumes. Many wild relatives of legumes are characterized by an indeterminate growth habit type, cultivated plants are characterized by indeterminate and determinate types. In plants with a determinate growth habit type, terminal inflorescence is formed at transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase. These plants are characterized by a complex of features: simultaneous maturation of beans, resistance to lodging, etc. In indeterminate type of growth habit, the apical shoot meristem remains active during plant life. The main genes responsible for the plant transition to flowering are the homologs of the Arabidopsis genes LFY, TFL1, AP1. TFL1 gene is responsible for maintaining of growth of the shoot apical meristem; its homologs were identified in pea (PsTFL1a), soybean (Dt1/ GmTfl1), common bean (PvTFL1y), cowpea (VuTFL1). The identification and characterization of the genes responsible for the type of stem growth habit are necessary for the successful selection of modern varieties suitable for mechanized cultivation. Design of molecular markers that diagnose this important breeding trait at early plant development stages, will help determine the type of stem growth habit.

scholarly journals Trichome Biomineralization and Soil Chemistry in Brassicaceae from Mediterranean Ultramafic and Calcareous Soils

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Tyler Hopewell ◽  
Federico Selvi ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Ensikat ◽  
Maximilian Weigend
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Weak Reflection ◽  
In The Wild

Trichome biomineralization is widespread in plants but detailed chemical patterns and a possible influence of soil chemistry are poorly known. We explored this issue by investigating trichome biomineralization in 36 species of Mediterranean Brassicaceae from ultramafic and calcareous soils. Our aims were to chemically characterize biomineralization of different taxa, including metallophytes, under natural conditions and to investigate whether divergent Ca, Mg, Si and P-levels in the soil are reflected in trichome biomineralization and whether the elevated heavy metal concentrations lead to their integration into the mineralized cell walls. Forty-two samples were collected in the wild while a total of 6 taxa were brought into cultivation and grown in ultramafic, calcareous and standard potting soils in order to investigate an effect of soil composition on biomineralization. The sampling included numerous known hyperaccumulators of Ni. EDX microanalysis showed CaCO3 to be the dominant biomineral, often associated with considerable proportions of Mg—independent of soil type and wild versus cultivated samples. Across 6 of the 9 genera studied, trichome tips were mineralized with calcium phosphate, in Bornmuellera emarginata the P to Ca-ratio was close to that of pure apatite-calcium phosphate (Ca5(PO4)3OH). A few samples also showed biomineralization with Si, either only at the trichome tips or all over the trichome. Additionally, we found traces of Mn co-localized with calcium phosphate in Bornmuellera emarginata and traces of Ni were detected in trichomes of the Ni-hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena chalcidica. Our data from wild and cultivated plants could not confirm any major effect of soil chemistry on the chemistry of trichome biominerals. Hyperaccumulation of Ni in the plants is not mirrored in high levels of Ni in the trichomes, nor do we find large amounts of Mn. A comparison based on plants from cultivation (normal, calcareous and serpentine soils, Mg:Ca-ratios ca 1:2 to 1:20) shows at best a very weak reflection of different Mg:Ca-ratios in the mineralized trichomes. The plants studied seem to be able to maintain highly conserved biomineralization patterns across a wide range of soil chemistries.

scholarly journals Sources and rates of nitrogen on the nutrition and productive performance of determinate growth habit snap bean

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Renan Ribeiro Barzan ◽  
Hector Augusto Sandoval Contreras ◽  
João Pedro Silvestre ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
N Content ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit

Snap bean is a vegetable crop presenting high requirements of mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). However, studies on the response of this crop to N fertilizationare scarce, mainly with determinate growth habit genotypes, making it difficult to manage thisnutrient supply. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen nutrition and the productive performance of snap bean withdeterminate growth habit as a function of N sources and rates. The experiment was carried out inpots, under greenhouse conditions, inaEutrophicRed Oxisolwith 36.60 g dm-3of soil organic matter content.The cultivar ‘Macarrãorasteiro’TopSeedwas grownin a completely randomized design at factorial scheme 3x4, with four replications. It was studied three sources of N (urea, ammonium sulfate and sulfammo) and four rates (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1), applied20% at sowing time, 40% at 12 days after emergence (DAE) and 40% at 20 DAE.It was evaluatedthe N content of the index leafandtheNaccumulationinshoots, the plant height at the endof the cycle and the number, total fresh mass, mean fresh mass and mean length of pods.The N content of the index leaf and N accumulation in shoots were linearly increased by the N rates, regardless of the N source, while the plant height and the pod’s characteristics werenotinfluenced by anyof the factors studied

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document