Trichome Biomineralization and Soil Chemistry in Brassicaceae from Mediterranean Ultramafic and Calcareous Soils

Trichome biomineralization is widespread in plants but detailed chemical patterns and a possible influence of soil chemistry are poorly known. We explored this issue by investigating trichome biomineralization in 36 species of Mediterranean Brassicaceae from ultramafic and calcareous soils. Our aims were to chemically characterize biomineralization of different taxa, including metallophytes, under natural conditions and to investigate whether divergent Ca, Mg, Si and P-levels in the soil are reflected in trichome biomineralization and whether the elevated heavy metal concentrations lead to their integration into the mineralized cell walls. Forty-two samples were collected in the wild while a total of 6 taxa were brought into cultivation and grown in ultramafic, calcareous and standard potting soils in order to investigate an effect of soil composition on biomineralization. The sampling included numerous known hyperaccumulators of Ni. EDX microanalysis showed CaCO3 to be the dominant biomineral, often associated with considerable proportions of Mg—independent of soil type and wild versus cultivated samples. Across 6 of the 9 genera studied, trichome tips were mineralized with calcium phosphate, in Bornmuellera emarginata the P to Ca-ratio was close to that of pure apatite-calcium phosphate (Ca5(PO4)3OH). A few samples also showed biomineralization with Si, either only at the trichome tips or all over the trichome. Additionally, we found traces of Mn co-localized with calcium phosphate in Bornmuellera emarginata and traces of Ni were detected in trichomes of the Ni-hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena chalcidica. Our data from wild and cultivated plants could not confirm any major effect of soil chemistry on the chemistry of trichome biominerals. Hyperaccumulation of Ni in the plants is not mirrored in high levels of Ni in the trichomes, nor do we find large amounts of Mn. A comparison based on plants from cultivation (normal, calcareous and serpentine soils, Mg:Ca-ratios ca 1:2 to 1:20) shows at best a very weak reflection of different Mg:Ca-ratios in the mineralized trichomes. The plants studied seem to be able to maintain highly conserved biomineralization patterns across a wide range of soil chemistries.

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The Influences of Magnesium upon Calcium Phosphate Mineral Formation and Structure as Monitored by X-ray and Vibrational Spectroscopy

Soil Systems ◽

10.3390/soilsystems4010008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

David M. Hilger ◽

Jordan G. Hamilton ◽

Derek Peak

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Edge Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Phosphate Mineral ◽

Local Bonding ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Concentrations

Calcium phosphate minerals are typically the solubility-limiting phase for phosphate in calcareous soils. Magnesium (Mg), despite being present in high concentrations in calcareous soils, has been largely neglected in the study of formation and stabilization of soil phosphate minerals due to the high solubility of pure Mg phosphate phases. In this study, a series of four common calcium and magnesium phosphate minerals, hydroxyapatite/bobierrite and brushite/newberyite were synthesized in the presence of widely varying Mg concentrations to examine the effects of Mg substitution upon the local bonding environment and overall structure of the precipitates. Phosphorus K-edge X-Ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) provide insight into the local coordination environment, whereas synchrotron powder X-Ray diffraction (SP-XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for structural analysis. In acidic to neutral pH, Mg-bearing brushite phases formed over a wide range of Ca:Mg ratios. In neutral to high pH systems, a short-range order amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) with a local structure analogous with hydroxyapatite precipitated for a wide range of Ca to Mg ratios. It can be inferred that the presence of Mg in soils leads to stabilization of metastable phases: via cation substitution in brushite and via poisoning of crystal growth propagation for hydroxyapatite.

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Backpacking with the Saints

10.1093/oso/9780199927814.001.0001 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Belden C. Lane

Keyword(s):

American Southwest ◽

Spiritual Practice ◽

Spiritual Journey ◽

Human Response ◽

John Muir ◽

Hildegard Of Bingen ◽

Wide Range ◽

Thich Nhat Hanh ◽

In The Wild ◽

John Of The Cross

Carrying only basic camping equipment and a collection of the world's great spiritual writings, Belden C. Lane embarks on solitary spiritual treks through the Ozarks and across the American Southwest. For companions, he has only such teachers as Rumi, John of the Cross, Hildegard of Bingen, Dag Hammarskjöld, and Thomas Merton, and as he walks, he engages their writings with the natural wonders he encounters--Bell Mountain Wilderness with Søren Kierkegaard, Moonshine Hollow with Thich Nhat Hanh--demonstrating how being alone in the wild opens a rare view onto one's interior landscape, and how the saints' writings reveal the divine in nature. The discipline of backpacking, Lane shows, is a metaphor for a spiritual journey. Just as the wilderness offered revelations to the early Desert Christians, backpacking hones crucial spiritual skills: paying attention, traveling light, practicing silence, and exercising wonder. Lane engages the practice not only with a wide range of spiritual writings--Celtic, Catholic, Protestant, Buddhist, Hindu, and Sufi Muslim--but with the fascination of other lovers of the backcountry, from John Muir and Ed Abbey to Bill Plotkin and Cheryl Strayed. In this intimate and down-to-earth narrative, backpacking is shown to be a spiritual practice that allows the discovery of God amidst the beauty and unexpected terrors of nature. Adoration, Lane suggests, is the most appropriate human response to what we cannot explain, but have nonetheless learned to love. An enchanting narrative for Christians of all denominations, Backpacking with the Saints is an inspiring exploration of how solitude, simplicity, and mindfulness are illuminated and encouraged by the discipline of backcountry wandering, and of how the wilderness itself becomes a way of knowing-an ecology of the soul.

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Risk factors for severity on admission and the disease progression during hospitalisation in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19 in Japan

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e047007

Author(s):

Mari Terada ◽

Hiroshi Ohtsu ◽

Sho Saito ◽

Kayoko Hayakawa ◽

Shinya Tsuzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽

Major Effect ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Wide Range ◽

Registration Number ◽

Using Data ◽

Obesity Hypertension

ObjectivesTo investigate the risk factors contributing to severity on admission. Additionally, risk factors of worst severity and fatality were studied. Moreover, factors were compared based on three points: early severity, worst severity and fatality.DesignAn observational cohort study using data entered in a Japan nationwide COVID-19 inpatient registry, COVIREGI-JP.SettingAs of 28 September 2020, 10480 cases from 802 facilities have been registered. Participating facilities cover a wide range of hospitals where patients with COVID-19 are admitted in Japan.ParticipantsParticipants who had a positive test result on any applicable SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests were admitted to participating healthcare facilities. A total of 3829 cases were identified from 16 January to 31 May 2020, of which 3376 cases were included in this study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was severe or nonsevere on admission, determined by the requirement of mechanical ventilation or oxygen therapy, SpO2 or respiratory rate. Secondary outcome was the worst severity during hospitalisation, judged by the requirement of oxygen and/orinvasive mechanical ventilation/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.ResultsRisk factors for severity on admission were older age, men, cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, obesity and hypertension. Cerebrovascular disease, liver disease, renal disease or dialysis, solid tumour and hyperlipidaemia did not influence severity on admission; however, it influenced worst severity. Fatality rates for obesity, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia were relatively lower.ConclusionsThis study segregated the comorbidities influencing severity and death. It is possible that risk factors for severity on admission, worst severity and fatality are not consistent and may be propelled by different factors. Specifically, while hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and obesity had major effect on worst severity, their impact was mild on fatality in the Japanese population. Some studies contradict our results; therefore, detailed analyses, considering in-hospital treatments, are needed for validation.Trial registration numberUMIN000039873. https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr_e/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045453

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The Role of Individual and Dyadic Planning in Couples’ Daily Goal Pursuits

Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin ◽

10.1177/0146167221997630 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014616722199763

Author(s):

Ophir Katzenelenbogen ◽

Nina Knoll ◽

Gertraud Stadler ◽

Eran Bar-Kalifa

Keyword(s):

Daily Basis ◽

Goal Achievement ◽

Daily Diaries ◽

Goal Progress ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Samples ◽

Individual Planning ◽

Goal Pursuits ◽

Complementary Strategy

Planning promotes progress toward goal achievement in a wide range of domains. To date, planning has mostly been studied as an individual process. In couples, however, the partner is likely to play an important role in planning. This study tested the effects of individual and dyadic planning on goal progress and goal-related actions. Two samples of couples ( N = 76 and N = 87) completed daily diaries over a period of 28 and 21 days. The results indicate that individual and dyadic planning fluctuate on a daily basis and support the idea that dyadic planning is predominantly used as a complementary strategy to individual planning. As expected, individual and dyadic planning were positively associated with higher levels of action control and goal progress. In Sample 2, dyadic planning was only associated with goal progress on days in which individuals felt that they were dependent upon their partners’ behaviors to achieve their goals.

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Enzootic Activity of Chlamydia in Farms Located in a Hotspot Area for Zoonosis Emergence

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1014196/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ezequiel Andres Vanderhoeven ◽

Jessica P. Mosmann ◽

Adrián Díaz ◽

Cecilia G. Cuffini

Keyword(s):

Bird Species ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Wild Mammals ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Chlamydial Species ◽

Zoonotic Risk ◽

Two Samples ◽

In The Wild ◽

First Time

Abstract Chlamydias are obligated intracellular Gram-negative bacteria, considered important zoonotic pathogens, broadly present in several bird species and responsible for economic losses in animal production. We analyzed the presence of Chlamydial species with zoonotic risk in farm animals in a highly biodiverse area and with great human circulation, the Argentine, Brazil and Paraguay tri-border area. We surveyed nine farms in an area and nasally swabbed a total of 62 animals. DNA was extracted and specific PCR was performed to identify chlamydial species. We detected Chlamydia spp . in 6.5% (4/62) of the animals tested, positive samples belonged to cattle and none of them showed symptoms of respiratory disease nor had been diagnose with reproductive diseases. Specific nested PCR confirmed two samples belonged to C. pecorum and two to C. psittaci . We report for the first time Chlamydia circulation with zoonotic risk in the region. Surveys in birds and wild mammals could give a better understanding to know what Chlamydial species are circulating in the wild interface. The zoonotic potential should be taking into account as farm workers and the surrounding population could be silent carriers or have respiratory diseases being underdiagnosed, and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnoses.

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Domestic and international best practice in research and testing glass for load-bearing structures of buildings

Bulletin of Science and Research Center “Stroitelstvo” ◽

10.37538/2224-9494-2021-4(31)-5-19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 5-19

Author(s):

I. I. Vedyakov ◽

D. V. Konin ◽

A. A. Egorova ◽

I. V. Rtishcheva

Keyword(s):

Best Practice ◽

Glass Structure ◽

Deformation Modulus ◽

Distinct Pattern ◽

Design Standards ◽

Load Bearing ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Samples ◽

Scientific Technical ◽

Testing Standards

The present work provides an overview and analysis of scientific, technical, regulatory, and methodical Russian and foreign literature regarding using glass as a material for load-bearing structures of buildings. In the absence of design standards, an experimental study of usually one or two samples is necessary each time glass structure is used; however, this is insufficient to determine the distinct pattern of material performance. Since jointing the glass structures has been rarely studied, the number of tests is minimal, thus preventing establishing the unambiguous material operation and its calculated physical and mechanical characteristics. The article considers and evaluates the test results of glass structures obtained by various methods. The particular values of ultimate stresses and deformation modulus lie in a wide range. The technology, manufacturing process, and starting materials have a significant influence on the characteristics of glass, including multilayer glass. This article stresses the need for developing regulatory technical and methodical documents, the design and testing standards for glass structures and their jointing. It is necessary to classify load-bearing glass structures by various criteria.

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Development of surface pattern during division in Paramecium. II. Defective spatial control in the mutant kin241

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.115.1.319 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 319-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Jerka-Dziadosz ◽

N. Garreau de Loubresse ◽

J. Beisson

Keyword(s):

Basal Body ◽

Major Effect ◽

The Body ◽

Cortical Reorganization ◽

Surface Pattern ◽

Recessive Mutation ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cortical Organization ◽

Nuclear Reorganization ◽

In The Wild

kin241 is a monogenic nuclear recessive mutation producing highly pleiotropic effects on cell size and shape, generation time, thermosensitivity, nuclear reorganization and cortical organization. We have analyzed the nature of the cortical disorders and their development during division, using various specific antibodies labelling either one of the cortical cytoskeleton components, as was previously done for analysis of cortical pattern formation in the wild type. Several abnormalities in basal body properties were consistently observed, although with a variable frequency: extra microtubules in either the triplets or in the lumen; nucleation of a second kinetodesmal fiber; abnormal orientation of the newly formed basal body with respect to the mother one. The latter effect seems to account for the major observed cortical disorders (reversal, intercalation of supplementary ciliary rows). The second major effect of the mutation concerns the spatiotemporal map of cortical reorganization during division. Excess basal body proliferation occurs and is correlated with modified boundaries of some of the cortical domains identified in the wild type on the basis of their basal body duplication pattern. This is the first mutant described in a ciliate in which both the structure and duplication of basal bodies and the body plan are affected. The data support the conclusion that the mutation does not alter the nature of the morphogenetic signal(s) which pervade the dividing cell, nor the competence of cytoskeletal structures to respond to signalling, but affects the local interpretation of the signals.

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Experimental investigation of rockwool insulation hygrothermal properties related to material structure

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci131216168d ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 923-928 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maja Djurovic-Petrovic

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Experimental Investigation ◽

Sorption Properties ◽

Material Structure ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Wide Range ◽

Two Samples

The hygrothermal properties related to rockwool insulation material structure with different additives are presented using rockwool insulation products obtained from row material of southern Serbia (Vranje region) in the wide range of reference temperatures (10?C to 70?C). The hygrothermal properties of basic sample (without additives) are compared to two samples with different additives for two sets of rockwool insulation samples namely: light-soft-panels (LSP) with density of 50 kg/m3, and middle-weight-panels (MWP) with density of 80 kg/m3. It is shown that there is significant (approximately 10%) improvement of thermal conductivity for additives based on zeolite. Also, correlation of thermal conductivity and sorption properties of selected samples are presented.

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Deciphering the evolution of microbial interactions: in silico studies of two-member microbial communities

10.1101/2022.01.14.476316 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Gayathri Sambamoorthy ◽

Karthik Raman

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

In Silico ◽

Microbial Interactions ◽

Interaction Patterns ◽

Wild Type ◽

Community Function ◽

Evolutionary Forces ◽

In Silico Studies ◽

Wide Range ◽

In The Wild

Microbes thrive in communities, embedded in a complex web of interactions. These interactions, particularly metabolic interactions, play a crucial role in maintaining the community structure and function. As the organisms thrive and evolve, a variety of evolutionary processes alter the interactions among the organisms in the community, although the community function remains intact. In this work, we simulate the evolution of two-member microbial communities in silico to study how evolutionary forces can shape the interactions between organisms. We employ genomescale metabolic models of organisms from the human gut, which exhibit a range of interaction patterns, from mutualism to parasitism. We observe that the evolution of microbial interactions varies depending upon the starting interaction and also on the metabolic capabilities of the organisms in the community. We find that evolutionary constraints play a significant role in shaping the dependencies of organisms in the community. Evolution of microbial communities yields fitness benefits in only a small fraction of the communities, and is also dependent on the interaction type of the wild-type communities. The metabolites cross-fed in the wild-type communities appear in only less than 50% of the evolved communities. A wide range of new metabolites are cross-fed as the communities evolve. Further, the dynamics of microbial interactions are not specific to the interaction of the wild-type community but vary depending on the organisms present in the community. Our approach of evolving microbial communities in silico provides an exciting glimpse of the dynamics of microbial interactions and offers several avenues for future investigations.

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A new source of root-knot nematode resistance from Arachis stenosperma incorporated into allotetraploid peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54183-1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Ballén-Taborda ◽

Ye Chu ◽

Peggy Ozias-Akins ◽

Patricia Timper ◽

C. Corley Holbrook ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Basis ◽

Snp Array ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Major Effect ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

In The Wild ◽

Arachis Batizocoi ◽

Lrr Protein

AbstractRoot-knot nematode is a very destructive pathogen, to which most peanut cultivars are highly susceptible. Strong resistance is present in the wild diploid peanut relatives. Previously, QTLs controlling nematode resistance were identified on chromosomes A02, A04 and A09 of Arachis stenosperma. Here, to study the inheritance of these resistance alleles within the genetic background of tetraploid peanut, an F2 population was developed from a cross between peanut and an induced allotetraploid that incorporated A. stenosperma, [Arachis batizocoi x A. stenosperma]4×. This population was genotyped using a SNP array and phenotyped for nematode resistance. QTL analysis allowed us to verify the major-effect QTL on chromosome A02 and a secondary QTL on A09, each contributing to a percentage reduction in nematode multiplication up to 98.2%. These were validated in selected F2:3 lines. The genome location of the large-effect QTL on A02 is rich in genes encoding TIR-NBS-LRR protein domains that are involved in plant defenses. We conclude that the strong resistance to RKN, derived from the diploid A. stenosperma, is transferrable and expressed in tetraploid peanut. Currently it is being used in breeding programs for introgressing a new source of nematode resistance and to widen the genetic basis of agronomically adapted peanut lines.

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