scholarly journals 515 PB 447 `POTOMAC': A NEW FIRE BLIGHT-RESISTANT PEAR CULTIVAR

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 505c-505
Author(s):  
Richard L. Bell ◽  
T. van der Zwet ◽  
C.K. Chandler ◽  
J.C. Scheerens
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Pear Cultivar ◽  
Commercial Trial ◽  
High Level ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Light Green

`Potomac' has been released as a new pear cultivar which combines a high level of resistance to fire blight with excellent fruit quality. Selected from a cross of `Moonglow' × `Beurre d'Anjou', it was tested under the seedling number, US 62537-048. Fruit are ovate-pyriform in shape, and average 73mm in diameter. Skin color is light green and the finish is glossy at harvest maturity, which occurs about 2 weeks after `Bartlett'. Flesh texture is moderately fine, buttery, and juicy; grit cells are small and limited to a thin layer under the skin. Flavor is subacid, with mild aroma, and similar in character to `Beurre d'Anjou'. Fruit may be ripened after harvest without cold storage, but `Potomac' is more susceptible to superficial scald than Beurre d'Anjou if stored for more than eight weeks. The tree is moderately vigorous. Yield and precocity are moderate. Fire blight resistance is greater than that of `Seckel', with a high degree of resistance in both shoots and blossoms. The cultivar is recommended for home orchards and limited commercial trial.

scholarly journals `Shenandoah': A New Fire Blight-resistant Pear Cultivar

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 805A-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Bell* ◽  
Tom van der Zwet ◽  
Diane D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Medium Thickness ◽  
The Core ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Fruit Surface

`Shenandoah' is a new European pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivar which combines resistance to fire blight with fruit of excellent quality. The original seedling tree was selected in 1985 from a cross of `Max Red Bartlett'× US 56112-146, and was tested under the original seedling number, US 78304-057. The fruit of `Shenandoah' is pyriform in shape, and moderately large in size, averaging 72 mm in diameter and 92 mm in height. Skin color at harvest is light green, turning yellow-green when ripe. The skin finish is glossy, and 10% to 20% of the fruit surface is blushed red. There is light tan russet at the calyx. Lenticles are slightly conspicuous, and are surrounded by small, light brown russet. The stem is medium to long (≈25 mm), of medium thickness, and slightly curved. Harvest maturity occurs about four weeks after `Bartlett', and the fruit will store in refrigerated (-1 °C) air storage for at least four months without core breakdown or superficial scald. The flesh texture is moderately fine, juicy, and buttery. Grit cells are moderately small and occur primarily around the core and in a thin layer under the skin. The flavor is aromatic, similar to `Bartlett', and is moderately acidic during the first two months of storage, becoming subacid after longer storage. The tree is moderate in vigor on `Bartlett' seedling and `OHxF 97' rootstocks, and upright-spreading in habit. Shenandoah' blooms in mid-season, similar to `Bartlett'. Yield has been moderately high and precocious, and with no pronounced biennial pattern. Fire blight resistance is similar to `Seckel', with infections extending no further than 1-year-old branches. Artificial blossom inoculations indicate a moderate degree of blossom resistance to fire blight infection.

scholarly journals Fire Blight Resistance of Budagovsky 9 Apple Rootstock

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Russo ◽  
Terence L. Robinson ◽  
Gennaro Fazio ◽  
Herb S. Aldwinckle
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
High Level

Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of fire blight, can cause a fatal infection of apple rootstocks known as rootstock blight. Budagovsky 9 (B.9) apple rootstock is reported to be highly susceptible when inoculated with E. amylovora, although results from multiple trials showed that B.9 is resistant to rootstock blight infection in field plantings. Conflicting results could stem from genetic variation in the B.9 population, appearing as phenotypic differences in rootstock material. However, genetic testing, using 23 microsatellite loci, confirmed the clonal uniformity of B.9 in commerce. Variation in growth habit between B.9 rootstocks originating from two nurseries also has been discounted as a source of disease resistance. Instead, results indicate a possible novel resistance phenotype in B.9 rootstock. B.9 rootstock was susceptible to leaf inoculation by E. amylovora, statistically similar to the susceptible rootstock Malling 9 (M.9). Conversely, inoculation assays targeting woody 4- to 5-year-old tissue revealed a high level of resistance in B.9, whereas M.9 remained susceptible. Although the mechanism by which B.9 gains resistance to E. amylovora is unknown, it is reminiscent of age-related resistance, due to an observed gain of resistance in woody rootstock tissue over succulent shoot tissue. Durable fire blight resistance correlated with tissue development could be a valuable tool for rootstock breeders.

scholarly journals BREEDING OF NEW PEAR WINTER CULTIVAR 'PANDORA'

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Nicolae Braniște ◽  
Madalina Militaru
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Pear Psylla ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Yellowish White

Psylla and fire blight resistance combined with fruit quality are still pearbreeding aims at Research Institute for Fruit Growing (RIFG) Pitești, Romania. The new pear cultivar 'Pandora' was registered in 2019, being released by interspecific hybridization between 'Euras' cv. [(PyrusserotinaxOlivier de Serres) x Doyenne d'hiver] and 'Tse Li' cv. (P.ussuriensis). The trees are medium vigor, weak branching and semi-upright habit being productive and with low tendency to biennial bearing. The fruit ripens 10-15 days earlier than 'Euras', at end of September.Fruit weight is about 250g, flesh is yellowish white, fine, crisp, juicy, sweetand flavored. The skin color changes from green to yellow upon maturity. It is highly resistant to fire blight and pear psylla under the standard spraying program. Therefore, this new cultivar shows a good potential for commercial fruit growing.

scholarly journals Historical apple cultivars that display high level of resistance to fire blight

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Kása K. ◽  
G. Tóth M. ◽  
Hevesi M.
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level

Following the first outbreak of fire blight caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. in Hungary, we have started research with the aim to screen domestic gene sources, mostly historical Hungarian apple cultivars, for disease resistance as part of an apple breeding program for multiple resistance. The present study was conducted with the aim to choose the most tolerant historical apple cultivars among 25 selected cultivars by screening their behavior towards fire blight under controlled conditions. Six cultivars were shown to be the most disease tolerant: `Batul', 'London pepin', Nemes Sóvári Alma', `Sikulai', `Szemes alma', Wilmos renet'. We evaluated these cultivars by investigating both morphological- characteristics under original environmental circumstances and fruit quality. The cultivars had a remarkable degree of fire blight resistance compared to the control cultivars. These were not competitive with the commercially grown 'Jonathan M40' during cultivar tests but on the basis of certain characteristics they could serve as genetic sources for breeding new varieties.

scholarly journals 060 `Blake's Pride' Fire Blight-resistant Pear Cultivar

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 451D-451
Author(s):  
Richard L. Bell ◽  
T. van der Zwet ◽  
R.C. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
The Core ◽  
Infection Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Research And Development ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Development Center ◽  
Fruit Surface

`Blake's Pride' has been released jointly by USDA and The Ohio State Univ. as a new fire blight-resistant cultivar. The original seedling tree was selected in 1977 at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center in Wooster by R.C. Blake and T. van der Zwet from a cross of US 446 × US 505, performed in 1965 by H.J. Brooks, and was tested under the original seedling number, OHUS 66131-021. The fruit of `Blake's Pride' is pyriform to round-pyriform in shape, and is moderate in size, averaging ≈2.75″ to 3″ in diameter, and 3.25″ in height. The stem is short, medium in thickness, and upright. Skin undercolor is yellow, the finish is glossy, and 20% to 30% of the fruit surface is covered with a smooth, light tan russet. Harvest maturity occurs about 3 weeks after `Bartlett', and the fruit will store in air storage for at least 3 months without core breakdown or superficial scald. The flesh texture is moderately fine, juicy, and buttery. Grit cells are moderately small and occur primarily around the core and in a thin layer under the skin, similar to `Bartlett'. The flavor is subacid and aromatic. The tree is moderate in vigor on `Bartlett' seedling rootstock, and upright-spreading in habit. Yield has been moderate to moderately high. Fire blight infections are rare, and extend no further than 1-year-old growth. Artificial blossom inoculations indicate a moderate degree of resistance of blossoms to fire blight infection. Resistance of `Blake's Pride' to both shoot and blossom infection is much greater than that of `Bartlett'.

scholarly journals Testing of Czech cultivars and advanced selections of apples for fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
C. Fischer ◽  
K. Richter ◽  
J. Blažek
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Scab Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Malus Floribunda ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels

Five apple cultivars from the Czech Republic and 26 selections from the same country (a majority of them were resistant to scab) were included in the present study. M. robusta strain (Nr. 5) was used as a control with the highest level of resistance to fire blight. Another 7 cultivars with different levels of resistance or susceptibility to the disease were also evaluated. Selena and Nabella were found to be resistant, whereas Angold, Resista and Topaz were susceptible. Two HL selections were previously identified as highly resistant, 3 selections as medium resistant and 7 others as moderately susceptible. The rest of the 14 selections ranged from very high susceptible to medium susceptible. A high level of resistance was confirmed in 3 cultivars from Dresden-Pillnitz: Reanda, Remo and Rewena. Comparison of the parentage of the tested cultivars or selections with their level of resistance to fire blight suggests that most of the resistance comes from Malus floribunda, which was used in the course of their breeding as a donor of scab resistance. In one case, the source of the fire blight resistance was Starking Delicious cv.  

scholarly journals Historical apple cultivars that display high level of resistance to fire blight

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
K. Kása ◽  
M. G. Tóth ◽  
M. Hevesi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
High Level

Following the first outbreak of fire blight caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora (Burrill) Winslow et al. in Hungary, we have started research with the aim to screen domestic gene sources, mostly historical Hungarian apple cultivars, for disease resistance as part of an apple breeding program for multiple resistance. The present study was conducted with the aim to choose the most tolerant historical apple cultivars among 25 selected cultivars by screening their behavior towards fire blight under controlled conditions. Six cultivars were shown to be the most disease tolerant: `Batul', 'London pepin', Nemes Sóvári Alma', `Sikulai', `Szemes alma', Wilmos renet'. We evaluated these cultivars by investigating both morphological- characteristics under original environmental circumstances and fruit quality. The cultivars had a remarkable degree of fire blight resistance compared to the control cultivars. These were not competitive with the commercially grown 'Jonathan M40' during cultivar tests but on the basis of certain characteristics they could serve as genetic sources for breeding new varieties.

ANTICYTOKINE ACTIVITY OF THE PROTOZOA BLASTOCYSTIS SPP

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
Bugero N.V. ◽  
Ilyina N.A. ◽  
Aleksandrova S.M.
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Blastocystis Spp ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
High Degree

In addition to the classical pathogens, which are well understood and well identified, new pathogens with the potential to spread epidemiologically are being identified. Some of these little-known organisms are the simplest Blastocystis spp. blastocystostosis. The clinical significance of Blastocystis spp. and its pathogenicity are still under discussion. This parasite belongs to a group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms living in the colon of the human intestine. Blastocystis spp. is known to be found both in people with reduced immune status and in individuals without any clinical manifestation. It has been established that a sufficiently high degree of invasiveness is observed in persons with gastrointestinal tract diseases, dermatosis, allergic reactions, in patients with carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus, etc. Possessing persistence factors, protozoa blastocysts contribute to the inactivation of host defensive mechanisms, providing a stable anthogonistic effect. In recent years, many works have been devoted to the characteristics of the persistent properties of Blastocystis spr., however, individual properties of blastocysts, in particular, anticytokine activity (ACA), have not yet been studied. In this regard, the work studied the anticytokine activity of microorganisms isolated from healthy subjects and patients with gastrointestinal tract diseases. A high prevalence of the studied characteristic in the subjects was shown. The expression of anticytokine activity in the obtained isolates of blastocysts was the highest in the group of persons with gastric ulcer disease, which decreased in the order of duodenal ulcer, chronic cholecystitis, chronic gastritis, etc. The data obtained in this work on the high level of ACA expression in blastocyst isolates obtained from individuals with gastrointestinal diseases as compared with the control group enables to conclude that their exometabolites may influence the local cytokine balance [1], which supports the inflammatory process.

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