scholarly journals Potato Seed Piece Calcium can Influence Tuber Yield

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 592d-592
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Gunter ◽  
Matthew D. Kleinhenz ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Piece ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Supplemental Calcium

Pathogenic bacteria (Erwinia spp.) can have a significant impact on stand establishment and sprout health. These bacteria cause soft rot of the seed piece, which is common in wet spring conditions resulting in great economic loss. Recent studies have demonstrated that the incidence and severity of soft rot can be significantly reduced by increasing tuber calcium. We investigated the influence of seed piece calcium on tuber production. Field growing potato plants were treated with supplemental calcium during tuber bulking (calcium at 168 kg·ha–1 from calcium nitrate or N-Hib) to increase the seed tuber medullary calcium levels. All three cultivars (`Superior', `Atlantic', `Dark Red Norland') responded to supplemental calcium application with increases in mean calcium contents, even though soil tests showed high native calcium levels (1000 kg·ha–1). Seed tubers were sampled for calcium by removing a longitudinal slice from the center of each tuber and planting one of the resulting halves for seed piece decay evaluation and the other for yield evaluation. Calcium nitrate-treated seed tubers produced higher yields compared to ammonium nitrate and N-Hib in `Atlantic' in `Dark Red Norland'. This trend did not hold true for `Superior'. Our results suggest that a) it is possible to increase seed piece tuber calcium levels with supplemental calcium application even in soils testing high in calcium and b) improving the calcium concentration of the seed piece can increase tuber yield in some cultivars.

scholarly journals 555 The Impact of Supplemental Calcium Fertilization during Potato Seed Tuber Production on Subsequent Crop Performance

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 542A-542
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Gunter ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Piece ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Seed Piece Decay ◽  
Supplemental Calcium ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Tissue Calcium ◽  
Calcium Fertilization ◽  
The Impact

Tuber tissue calcium has been linked to several potato quality characteristics, including internal defects and the susceptibility of tubers to decay by soft rotting Erwinia species. We were particularly interested in studying the relationship between supplemental calcium fertilization during the seed tuber production cycle to raise the seed piece calcium concentration and the impact on crop performance the following season. The role of seed tuber tissue calcium level on seed piece decay, growth, development, and performance of the plant was evaluated for cultivars Russet Burbank, Dark Red Norland, Atlantic, Superior, and Snowden. This study was performed over four growing seasons. Seed tubers were raised with varying calcium and the following season, individual tubers (over 3,000 total for 4 years of study) were sampled for calcium and hand planted in the field. They were evaluated for seed piece decay and total tuber yield during the growing season. Seed tubers raised with supplemental calcium resulted in significantly higher mean calcium content than the control tubers. In general, calcium-raised seed tubers tended to produce a more vigorous main sprout and higher tuber yield. We also found that there are significant differences among these cultivars for the characteristics measured. Consistently, in all three years, `Atlantic' responded to test conditions with the lowest decay values, and `Dark Red Norland' consistently showed the highest decay values. This suggests that there may be a genetic component involved in these two responses and these genotypic differences could be exploited to improve cultivated potatoes.

Determination of optimum tuber planting density in the potato varieties Pentland Squire, Cara, Estima, Maris Piper and King Edward

1992 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. E. Wurr ◽  
J. R. Fellows ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Tuber Size ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Cost

SummaryThirty-two experiments examining the effects of the weight and within-row spacing of potato seed tubers on graded tuber yields of five varieties were conducted on eight sites from 1980 to 1985. A complex analysis technique was used to combine these data and estimate the optimum tuber planting densities for different ratios of seed cost to small (40–60 mm) and large (60–80 mm) ware value. The same technique could be applied to any other combination of seed cost, ware size and ware value.The optimum tuber planting density decreased with increasing seed-tuber weight. Differences in optimum planting density between varieties were much greater with small (35 g) than with large (105 g) seed tubers and decreased as the cost of seed increased relative to the value of ware. As large ware became worth more than small ware the influence of increasing seed cost on the optimum density was reduced. As the value of large ware increased, net returns increased and the effect of seed cost on net returns was reduced. Mean tuber size decreased with increasing stem density at harvest and at the same stem density was lower in varieties producing more daughter tubers/stem. Changes of mean tuber size (μ) and the spread of yield across size grades (σ) with time were well described by parallel curves in different varieties. It is suggested that in future it may not be necessary to determine optimum tuber planting densities by complex experiments involving several seed-tuber weights and spacings. Instead μ and σ could be estimated from simple experiments and tuber spacings determined by comparison with control varieties.

scholarly journals Co-occurrence of latent Dickeya and Pectobacterium species in potato seed tuber samples from northern Finland

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshitila Degefu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Pectobacterium Atrosepticum ◽  
Dickeya Solani ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Potato Seed Tuber

Recent methodological developments have uncovered the etiological diversity of the potato blackleg and soft rot Pectobacteriaceae. At least five species in the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium have been confirmed to cause blackleg on potatoes in Finland. The bacteria are seed borne and remain latent in the tuber until conditions favourable for growth, multiplication and infection prevail. Tubers could be infected by one or more of these species. This short communication is based on the results of molecular detection data collected for more than 14 years from potato seed lots produced in Finland. Diagnostic PCR assay specific to Dickeya solani, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Pectobacterium carotovorum, P. brasiliense and P. parmentieri revealed that potatoes are infected by one or more of these species; it also revealed that single species infection is more common than multiple colonization. An event of simultaneous occurrences of different strains from the Pectobacterium species appears to be more frequent than that observed between Dickeya and Pectobacterium species. The absence of co-occurrence of Dickeya solani and Pectobacterium atrosepticum is intriguing.

Seed Borne Late Blight of Potato

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Powelson ◽  
Robin Ludy ◽  
Heather Heather ◽  
Debra A. Inglis ◽  
Babette Gundersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Seed Piece ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Healthy Seed

Planting of potato seed pieces infected with Phytophthora infestans can lead to the introduction of late blight within a planting. When infected seed pieces are planted, there are three resulting scenarios: (i) a healthy plant emerges, (ii) no plant emerges because of the rapid decay of the seed piece, or (iii) a symptomatic plant emerges. A major factor favoring stand establishment and seed transmission is the severity of seed piece infection. When infection is severe, stand is compromised and transmission rate is low. When infection is mild, the plant emerges before the seed piece decays and, in some instances, the pathogen makes its way from the seed piece to the plant where a stem lesion is formed. Diseased seed tubers are the principle source of late blight inoculum for infection of healthy seed pieces. Treatment of infected or blighted seed tubers with a seed dressing with activity against P. infestans is not a viable tactic because the products are ineffective against established infections. Conversely, treatment of healthy seed pieces provides a high level of protection against late blight spores that are spread during the seed handling and planting operations. Optimum effectiveness is achieved when products are applied immediately following cutting, as none are effective against established infections. Seed treatment reduces the risk of seed transmission of late blight and enhances stand establishment and plant vigor. This tactic should be an important component of an integrated late blight management program. Accepted for publication 16 January 2002. Published 29 January 2002.

Effect of altering the physiological age of potato seed-tubers in the fall on subsequent production in a short-season environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers

The efficacy of utilizing "controlled seed-tuber aging" as a technique to enhance yield and improve tuber quality in areas with relatively short growing seasons was investigated in a 3-yr study. Prior to planting in the field, five physiological ages of Russet Burbank, Carlton, Norchip and Superior seed-tubers were produced by varying the heat-unit accumulation over a 200-d storage interval. Total yield increases of up to 90% and substantial improvements in tuber grade were achieved by planting aged (600–900 degree-day (dd)) seed-tubers. Plant growth from aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers was modelled to identify the mechanisms by which yield and quality were altered. Growth analysis demonstrated that the age-induced yield increases were due to faster emergence, faster leaf-area establishment, and tuberization earlier in the growing season compared with that from younger seed-tubers. The annual life cycle was thus accelerated, allowing plants from older seed-tubers to utilize the short (120-d) growing season more efficiently than those from younger seed-tubers. This was reflected in a higher harvest index: plants from 739 dd seed-tubers partitioned 63% of their total fresh weight into tubers compared with 48% for those from 66 dd seed-tubers (based on the quadratic model describing the relationship between seed-tuber age and and harvest index at 121 d after planting). The technique appears to be very promising for enhancing yield and/or promoting ’earliness’ of potatoes in regions with short growing seasons.Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, plant growth, yield

scholarly journals Evaluation of different fungicides applied as seed tuber treatments for the control of potato silver scurf

2005 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hervieux ◽  
R. Chabot ◽  
J. Arul ◽  
R.J. Tweddell
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
Helminthosporium Solani ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Soil Inoculum ◽  
Seed Tubers

Silver scurf of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum), caused by the fungus Helminthosporium solani, is an important surface-blemishing disease of potato tubers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides applied to potato seed tubers for control of silver scurf. Field trials were conducted in Québec province in 1998 and 1999. Potato seed tubers infected with H. solani were treated with either talc, fludioxonil, mancozeb, iprodione, thiabendazole, imazalil or azoxystrobin, and planted at three locations in 1998 and two locations in 1999. The results showed that, under our experimental conditions, the fungicides tested, applied as seed treatments, did not significantly influence total and marketable yields as well as silver scurf severity on daughter tubers at harvest and after different storage periods. In addition, this study showed the influence of the experimental locations on silver scurf development and suggests that soil inoculum plays a role in the epidemiology of the disease.

Effect of UV-C radiation and fluorescent light to control postharvest soft rot in potato seed tubers

2015 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur B.O. Rocha ◽  
Sylvio L. Honório ◽  
Claudio L. Messias ◽  
Mariano Otón ◽  
Perla A. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Uv C

scholarly journals 589 Calcium Application at Preemergence and during Bulking May Improve Tuber Quality and Grade

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 498B-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gunter ◽  
Senay Ozgen ◽  
Bjorn Karlsson ◽  
Jiwan Palta
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Brown Spot ◽  
Tuber Quality ◽  
Quality Ratings ◽  
Supplemental Calcium ◽  
Tuber Grade ◽  
Paired Control

An increase in calcium concentration of potato tuber tissue has been shown to reduce soft rot severity and the incidence of internal physiological defects. Higher tuber calcium also seems to increase sprout vigor and maintain apical dominance by reducing subapical necrosis and sprout tip death. Preemergent applications of calcium at a rate of 0 and 26.5 kg·ha–1 from ammonium nitrate (PreAmNit), ammonium nitrate plus calcium nitrate (PreCaN), or calcium chloride plus calcium nitrate plus urea (PreCUC). A group of post-emergent split calcium nitrate plus calcium chloride plus urea (PostCUC) applications beginning with hilling and proceeding at 3, 6, and 8 weeks after hilling were also made at a rate of 56 kg·ha–1 calcium at each application time. From visual ratings of stand quality taken 64 days after hilling, we found plants receiving a preemergent application of nutrients or PostCUC had higher stand ratings than paired control plots. Internal tuber quality ratings revealed less internal brown spot in the PostCUC application in 168–364-g tubers. Yield of 112–168-g tubers was greatest from plants treated with PreCaN or PreCUC followed by PostCUC. PreAmNit plots had higher culls than the PreCUC plots. The non-split ammonium nitrate control (all nitrogen by hilling) produced a higher number of B-sized tubers than the PostCUC treatment. Also the PreAmNit+PostCUC had more B-sized tubers than PreCaN+PostCUC. In general the PostCUC treatment produced fewer small tubers and more large tubers than other treatments. These results suggest application of a small amount of calcium prior to emergence but after the sprouts have begun to develop improves seed performance. Furthermore these data show that supplemental calcium application during the season may improve tuber grade.

Modelling the effects of potato seed-tuber age on plant establishment

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Tubers

Four physiological ages of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. 'Russet Burbank') seed-tubers were produced by varying the time of storage at 15 °C. Age was quantified as the accumulated degree-days (dd) above 4 °C over the 199-d storage interval, and plant emergence and establishment were then modelled in controlled environment studies. As age advanced, time to 50% sprout emergence decreased, reaching a minimum at 589 dd, and then increased with further aging. Apical dominance was also reduced, as evident from a linear increase in the number of sprouts per seedpiece with advancing age. Earlier emergence from older seed-tubers led to significantly more leaves, leaf area, and leaf and stem dry weights per plant compared with younger seed-tubers early in the study; however, this advantage in plant establishment was eventually lost as time progressed through 33 d, resulting in significant age by time interactions on each yield component. Unit leaf rate, and relative growth rates with respect to leaf area and plant dry weight, thus decreased linearly with advancing tuber age over the course of the study. Leaf area ratio of plants from older tubers was greater than that from younger tubers early in the study, but this difference decreased with time. Seed-tuber age affected LAR through altering the leaf weight ratio (efficiency of partitioning dry weight to leaves), not the specific leaf area. Yield component analysis showed that the number of leaves per stem and the leaf area per leaf accounted for 85 and 12% of the total variation in plant dry weight, respectively. Because plant establishment was clearly more advanced, there may be potential for utilizing aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers to improve grade and earliness and increase yield in areas with short growing seasons. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, vigor, potato

scholarly journals Incidence and Impact of Verticillium dahliae in Soil Associated with Certified Potato Seed Lots

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah K. S. Dung ◽  
Philip B. Hamm ◽  
Jordan E. Eggers ◽  
Dennis A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Seed Tubers ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Compatibility Group ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Certified Potato Seed

Verticillium dahliae causes Verticillium wilt of potato and can be found in soil associated with potato seed tubers. The purpose of this research was to quantify V. dahliae in soil associated with certified seed tubers and determine if this potential inoculum source is related to disease development in the field. Approximately 68% of seed lots assayed contained V. dahliae-infested soil on seed tuber surfaces (seed tuber soil). Over 82% of seed lots contained V. dahliae in loose seed lot soil obtained from bags and trucks used to transport seed tubers. Most samples contained ≤50 CFU/g but some contained >500 CFU/g. Most isolates (93%) were vegetative compatibility group 4A. Populations of V. dahliae in stem sap increased with increasing inoculum densities in field soils only when V. dahliae concentrations in seed tuber soil were low. High concentrations of V. dahliae in seed tuber soil resulted in greater stem sap colonization when V. dahliae inoculum densities in field soil were low (P < 0.01) and resulted in greater pathogen inoculum densities in postharvest field soils (P = 0.04). Seed tubers contaminated with V. dahliae-infested soils may introduce the pathogen into fields not previously cropped to potato or recontaminate those which have received preplant management practices. Long-term management of V. dahliae requires reducing propagules in soil associated with seed lots.

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