scholarly journals Interaction of Genes for Flesh Color in Watermelon

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 602d-602
Author(s):  
Warren R. Henderson ◽  
Gregory H. Scott ◽  
Todd C. Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Multiple Allelic Series

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] flesh color is controlled by several genes to produce red, canary yellow, salmon yellow, and orange. Our objective was to study the interaction of three gene loci with two or three alleles at each C (canary yellow vs. red), y (salmon yellow vs. red), yo (orange), and i (inhibitory to C permitting Y to produce red flesh color). Five crosses were used to study gene action: `Yellow Baby' × `Sweet Princess', `Yellow Baby' × `Tendersweet Orange Flesh', `Yellow Baby' × `Golden Honey', `Yellow Doll' × `Tendersweet Orange Flesh', and `Yellow Doll' × `Golden Honey'. Based on the performance of six generations (PA, PB, F1, F2, BC1A, and BC1B), the parents had the following genotypes: `Yellow Baby' = CCYYII, `Yellow Doll' = CCYYII, `Sweet Princess' = ccYY ii, `Tendersweet Orange Flesh' = ccyoyoII, and `Golden Honey' = ccyyII. Segregation of flesh colors in the progeny of the five families demonstrated that there was a multiple allelic series at the y locus, where YY (red) was dominant to yo yo (orange) and yy (yellow). Also, yoyo was dominant to yy. In conclusion, epistasis is involved in genes for the major flesh colors in watermelon, with ii inhibitory to CC (Canary), resulting in red flesh, and CC in the absence of ii epistatic to YY, producing canary flesh.

scholarly journals A Genome-Wide Analysis of the Pentatricopeptide Repeat (PPR) Gene Family and PPR-Derived Markers for Flesh Color in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Saminathan Subburaj ◽  
Luhua Tu ◽  
Kayoun Lee ◽  
Gwang-Soo Park ◽  
Hyunbae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Proteins ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Large Gene ◽  
A Genome

Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an economically important fruit crop grown for consumption of its large edible fruit flesh. Pentatricopeptide-repeat (PPR) encoding genes, one of the large gene families in plants, are important RNA-binding proteins involved in the regulation of plant growth and development by influencing the expression of organellar mRNA transcripts. However, systematic information regarding the PPR gene family in watermelon remains largely unknown. In this comprehensive study, we identified and characterized a total of 422 C. lanatus PPR (ClaPPR) genes in the watermelon genome. Most ClaPPRs were intronless and were mapped across 12 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ClaPPR proteins could be divided into P and PLS subfamilies. Gene duplication analysis suggested that 11 pairs of segmentally duplicated genes existed. In-silico expression pattern analysis demonstrated that ClaPPRs may participate in the regulation of fruit development and ripening processes. Genotyping of 70 lines using 4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 4 ClaPPRs resulted in match rates of over 0.87 for each validated SNPs in correlation with the unique phenotypes of flesh color, and could be used in differentiating red, yellow, or orange watermelons in breeding programs. Our results provide significant insights for a comprehensive understanding of PPR genes and recommend further studies on their roles in watermelon fruit growth and ripening, which could be utilized for cultivar development of watermelon.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS IN PETUNIA HYBRIDA BY MULTIPLE ALLELIC SERIES OF THE GENES An1 AND An2

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-508
Author(s):  
Anton G M Gerats ◽  
Eliane Farcy ◽  
Marco Wallroth ◽  
Steven P C Groot ◽  
André Schram
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Multiple Series ◽  
Anthocyanin Concentration ◽  
Mutable Allele ◽  
Multiple Allelic Series ◽  
Composition Changes

ABSTRACT A mutable allele of the An1 locus in Petunia hybrida has given rise to a multiple series of stable derivative alleles. Anthocyanin concentration in mature flowers of these mutants (an1  +/p/an1) decreases from the wild-type red to the recessive white in a continuous series. Anthocyanin composition changes regularly: the ratio of peonidin to cyanidin is 3.5 for an an1  +/+/an1 and 1.2 for an an1  +/p5/an1 mutant. Analysis of anthocyanins during flower development indicates that these differences in composition are due to the specific state of the An1 locus and not to anthocyanin concentration. Anthocyanin concentration in flowers of the allelic series for An1 correlates with the activity of the enzymes UDP-glucose: flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase and SAM: anthocyanin-3′-O-methyltransferase. The same correlations were found for members of a comparable allelic series at the An2 locus. The possibility that the correlation between the enzyme activities is due to the occurrence of a multienzyme complex is discussed.

scholarly journals A chromosome-level genome of a Kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (23) ◽  
pp. e2101486118
Author(s):  
Susanne S. Renner ◽  
Shan Wu ◽  
Oscar A. Pérez-Escobar ◽  
Martina V. Silber ◽  
Zhangjun Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Nile Valley ◽  
Structural Variants ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Melon Genome ◽  
Modern Breeding ◽  
Chromosome Level

Wild relatives or progenitors of crops are important resources for breeding and for understanding domestication. Identifying them, however, is difficult because of extinction, hybridization, and the challenge of distinguishing them from feral forms. Here, we use collection-based systematics, iconography, and resequenced accessions of Citrullus lanatus and other species of Citrullus to search for the potential progenitor of the domesticated watermelon. A Sudanese form with nonbitter whitish pulp, known as the Kordofan melon (C. lanatus subsp. cordophanus), appears to be the closest relative of domesticated watermelons and a possible progenitor, consistent with newly interpreted Egyptian tomb paintings that suggest that the watermelon may have been consumed in the Nile Valley as a dessert by 4360 BP. To gain insights into the genetic changes that occurred from the progenitor to the domesticated watermelon, we assembled and annotated the genome of a Kordofan melon at the chromosome level, using a combination of Pacific Biosciences and Illumina sequencing as well as Hi-C mapping technologies. The genetic signature of bitterness loss is present in the Kordofan melon genome, but the red fruit flesh color only became fixed in the domesticated watermelon. We detected 15,824 genome structural variants (SVs) between the Kordofan melon and a typical modern cultivar, “97103,” and mapping the SVs in over 400 Citrullus accessions revealed shifts in allelic frequencies, suggesting that fruit sweetness has gradually increased over the course of watermelon domestication. That a likely progenitor of the watermelon still exists in Sudan has implications for targeted modern breeding efforts.

scholarly journals CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF AN SD CHROMOSOME FROM A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-412
Author(s):  
G Trippa ◽  
A Loverre ◽  
R Cicchetti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Multiple Allelic Series

ABSTRACT The discovery and the cytogenetic characterization of a new SD(Segregation Distorter) chromosome 2 from a natural population in Ranna (Sicily, Italy), SDRa, are reported. The main features of this chromosome are as follows: (a) it contains an SdRa gene with a moderate degree of segregation distortion (= 0.72), (b) a recessive female sterile gene, fs(2)TLM, responsible for modifications of the morphology and structure of the testes and ovaries is located at 89.7, (c) SDRa/SDRa males and females are viable but sterile, the females due to homozygosis of fs(2)TLM and the males because of homozygosis of a region containing the Sd locus, and (d) SDi/SDj combinations are fertile, thus suggesting that the different Sd factors found in natural populations constitute a multiple allelic series.——These data may indicate that each population containing SD chromosomes has evolved its own genetic architecture for the complex SD system, with specific modifiers and perhaps different Sd genes. The possibility of reconstructing the evolutionary pattern of the SDRa chromosome in the natural Ranna population after the model of CHARLESWORTH and HARTL (1978) and CROW (1979) is considered.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Regulation of Carotenoids in Five Flesh-Colored Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingli Yuan ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Umer ◽  
Nan He ◽  
Shengjie Zhao ◽  
Xuqiang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Transcriptome Regulation ◽  
Yellow Flesh ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Abstract Background: Fruit flesh color in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a great index for evaluation of the appearance quality and a key contributor influencing consumers preferences, but the molecular mechanisms of this intricate trait remain largely unknown. Here, the carotenoids and transcriptome dynamics during fruit development in watermelon cultivars with 5 different flesh colors were analyzed.Results: A total of 13 carotenoids and 16,781 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 1,295 transcription factors (TFs) were detected during the development of five watermelon genotypes. A number of structural genes and transcription factors were found to be involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway using comparative transcriptome analysis. Furthermore, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis and predicted hub genes in 6 main modules determining carotenoids contents. Cla018406 (a Chaperone protein dnaJ-like protein) maybe a candidate gene for β-carotene and highly expressed in orange flesh colored fruit. Cla007686 (a zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein) was highly expressed in the red color watermelon, maybe a key regulator for lycopene accumulation. Cla003760 (merbrane protein) and Cla007686 (photosystenI reaction center subunit II) are predicted to be hub genes and play an important role in yellow flesh color formation.Conclusions: These results provide an important resource for dissecting the molecular basis and candidate genes governing flesh color formation in watermelon fruit.

scholarly journals Transcriptome regulation of carotenoids in five flesh-colored watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingli Yuan ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Umer ◽  
Nan He ◽  
Shengjie Zhao ◽  
Xuqiang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Hub Genes ◽  
Data Resource

Abstract Background: Fruit flesh color in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a great index for evaluation of the appearance quality and a key contributor influencing consumers' preferences, but the molecular mechanism of this intricate trait remain largely unknown. Here, the carotenoids and transcriptome dynamics during the fruit development of cultivated watermelon with five different flesh colors were analyzed.Results: A total of 13 carotenoids and 16781 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 1295 transcription factors (TFs) were detected in five watermelon genotypes during the fruit development. The comprehensive accumulation patterns of carotenoids were closely related to flesh color. A number of potential structural genes and transcription factors were found to be associated with the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway using comparative transcriptome analysis. The differentially expressed genes were divided into six subclusters and distributed in different GO terms and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, we performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis and predicted hub genes in six main modules determining carotenoid contents. Cla018406 (a chaperone protein dnaJ-like protein) may be a candidate gene for β-carotene accumulation and highly expressed in orange flesh-colored fruit. Cla007686 (a zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein) was highly expressed in the red flesh-colored watermelon, maybe a key regulator of lycopene accumulation. Cla003760 (membrane protein) and Cla021635 (photosystem I reaction center subunit II) were predicted to be hub genes and may play an essential role in yellow flesh formation.Conclusions: The composition and contents of carotenoid in five watermelon genotypes vary greatly. A series of candidate genes were revealed through combined analysis of metabolites and transcriptome. These results provide an important data resource for dissecting the candidate genes and molecular basis governing flesh color formation in watermelon fruit.

Effects of rootstock and soil disinfection on quality of grafted watermelon fruit (Citrullus lanatus L.): a two-year study

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elazar Fallik ◽  
Sharon Alkalai-Tuvia ◽  
Daniel Chalupowicz ◽  
Yohanan Zutahy ◽  
Merav Zaaroor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Watermelon Rind ◽  
Soil Disinfection

Grafting is a rapid, effective alternative to the relatively slow methodology of breeding, to provide crop plants with increased tolerance to environmental stress and better yield and quality of fruit vegetables. We evaluated the effect of grafting and soil disinfestation on pre- and postharvest parameters in two consecutive years. In both 2013 and 2014, soil disinfection significantly improved the viability of nongrafted plants compared to the same plants grown in nontreated soil. In both years, plants which were grafted on “Nurit” or “TZ” rootstocks showed significantly better vine vigor, with no evidence of disease in either disinfested or nontreated soil. The yield of marketable watermelon fruit was significantly higher in grafted versus nongrafted plants. Grafting significantly influenced watermelon rind color and flesh color, and strongly influenced taste and texture. Watermelon fruit harvested from plants grafted on “Nurit” were tastier and had better flesh texture than fruit harvested from “TZ”-grafted plants. Disinfection during those two years affected only seed formation. The year factor highly influenced rind color, total soluble solids (TSS) near the rind, TSS at the fruit's heart, taste, and texture. An interaction between grafting and year was found on flesh and TSS near the rind. No grafting × disinfection × year interaction was found.

A Multiple Allelic Series in Tribolium castaneum

1964 ◽  
Vol 98 (903) ◽  
pp. 455-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Dawson ◽  
Alexander Sokoloff
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Multiple Allelic Series
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