scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREENHOUSE TOMATO WITH CONSTANT OR DIURNAL HEATING OF ROOT AND SHOOT

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 189g-190
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent ◽  
Yong-Zhan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Effect On Yield

What is the effect of constant compared to diurnal heating of the shoot and root on growth and yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)? Seedlings were transplanted on 4 or 25 Mar. 1994 into troughs that were not heated or heated to 21C by buried tubing, either constantly or for 12 h during the day or the night. The greenhouses had either 14/14C or 26/6C day/night minimum air temperatures. After 2 weeks, leaves of the 4 Mar. transplants weighed most with constant root heat and least with no heat. Roots weighed more with 14/14C than 26/6C air heat. With 14/14C air heat, only no root heat reduced leaf weight, whereas with 26/6C air heat, leaf weight was in the order: constant > day > night - no heat. After 2 weeks, leaves of the 25 Mar. transplants weighed least with no heat, and other treatments did not differ. Root heating affected yield. By 1 July, the number of fruit and the number and weight of marketable fruit produced from 4 Mar. transplants was in the order: constant heat > day > night > no heat. The 22/6C air heat increased marketable yield because fewer fruit were small, irregular, or had blossom-end rot. Root heat had no effect on yield of 25 Mar. transplants.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD OF GREENHOUSE TOMATO WITH CONSTANT OR INTERMITTENT HEATING OF THE ROOT AND SHOOT

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 914B-914
Author(s):  
M.P.N. Gent ◽  
Y.Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Marketable Fruit

What is the effect of constant compared to intermittent heating of the shoot and root on growth, nutrient status, and yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)? Seedlings were transplanted early, on 4 Mar. 1994 and 1 Mar. 1995, or late, on 25 Mar. 1994 and 31 Mar. 1995, into troughs of peat-lite mix. The troughs were heated to 21C by buried tubing, either constantly, or for 12 h during the day or the night, or they were not heated. The greenhouses had either 14/14C or 22/6C day/night minimum air temperatures. After 2 weeks, early transplants had the greatest leaf weight with constant root heat and least with no heat. Root weight was greater for 14/14C than 22/6C air heat. With 14/14C air heat, only the no-root heat reduced leaf weight, whereas with 22/6C air heat, root heat ranking was constant > day > night ≈no heat. With late transplants, only the no heat reduced leaf weight. Most nutrient concentrations were less in late than in early transplants. Number of fruit, and number and weight of marketable fruit produced by 1 July from early transplants was affected by root heat; the ranking was constant heat > day > night > no heat. The 22/6C air heat increased marketable yield because of fewer small, irregular and blossom end rot fruit. Root heat had no effect on yield of late transplants.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Greenhouse Tomato with Constant or Intermittent Heating of the Root and Shoot

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 882F-882
Author(s):  
M.P.N. Gent ◽  
Y.-Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Marketable Fruit

What is the effect of constant compared to intermittent heating of the shoot and root on growth, nutrient status, and yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)? Seedlings were transplanted on 4 Mar. or 25 Mar. 1994 into troughs heated to 21C by buried tubing, either constantly, or for 12 h during the day or the night, or they were not heated. The greenhouses had either 14/14C or 22/6C day/night minimum air temperatures. After 2 weeks, the 4 Mar. transplants had the greatest leaf weight with constant root heat and least with no heat. Root weight was greater for 14/14 than 22/6 air heat. With 14/14 air heat, only the no root heat reduced leaf weight, whereas with 22/6 air heat, root heat affected leaf weight; the ranking was constant > day > night ≈ no heat. After 2 weeks, the 25 Mar. transplants had least leaf weight with no heat, and other treatments did not differ. Most nutrient concentrations were less in the 25 Mar. compared to the 4 Mar. transplants. The number of fruit, and the number and weight of marketable fruit produced by I July from 4 Mar. transplants was affected by root heat; the ranking was constant heat > day > night > no heat. The 22/6 air heat increased marketable yield, because of fewer small, irregular, and blossom end rot fruit. Root heat had no effect on yield of 25 Mar. transplants. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.

scholarly journals Yield of Greenhouse Tomato with Constant or Intermittent Heating of the Root and Shoot

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 607d-607
Author(s):  
M.P.N. Gent ◽  
Y.-Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Constant Heating

Is intermittent heating of the root zone more beneficial than constant heating for production of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), with diurnal variation of air temperature (DIF)? Yields were compared with 14°C day/14°C night or 22°C day/6°C night minimum air temperatures, resulting in 5 and 14°C DIF. The root zone was unheated or was heated to 20°C constantly or for 6 hours in the day, or 6 hours in the night. The greenhouse tomato cultivars Buffalo and Caruso were transplanted in early and late March in 1994 and 1995. Averaged over both years and cultivars, the yield from early March planting with 14°C DIF was greater than with 5°C DIF, 6.6 and 6.1 kg/plant, respectively, due to an increase in weight per fruit and to earlier ripening. Root zone heat increased yield compared to no heat, due to a greater number of fruit. With 5°C DIF, yields with constant and intermittent root zone heat were similar. The yields were 5.4, 6.4, 6.2, and 6.2 kg/plant with none, day, night and constant heat, respectively. With 14°C DIF, there were larger differences in yield, 5.7, 7.0, 6.6, and 7.1 kg/plant with none, day, night and constant root zone heat, respectively. However, interactions between air and root heat regimes were not statistically significant. The yield from late March planting was greater with 14°C than with 5°C DIF, but root zone heat had no effect. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.

Growth, photosynthesis and productivity of greenhouse tomato cultivated in open or closed rockwool systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Hao ◽  
A. P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Environmentally Sound

Two full spring season tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “Trust”) were grown in an open rockwool system with standard rockwool feeding formulae (O-R; conventional method), and in closed rockwool systems with standard rockwool (C-R) or Nutrient Film Technique (C-NFT) feeding formulae (modified in 1997) in 1996 and 1997 to examine the feasibility of a fully closed rockwool production system with appropriate feeding formulae. The closed rockwool system with optimized feeding formulae achieved high marketable yield, similar to that of the open rockwool system. There were no differences in early plant growth, plant biomass or biomass partitioning, and in total fruit yield, size and grades except for the closed rockwool system with the standard rockwool feeding formulae (C-R), which had lower yield than C-NFT in the last month of harvest in 1996. The photosynthesis of old foliage was higher and the root systems at the end of the experiments were rated healthier in plants grown in the closed (C-R and C-NFT) systems than in plants grown in the open (O-R) system. Over 30% of water and fertilizer was saved with the closed systems in comparison to the conventional open system. These results demonstrated that closed rockwool systems with optimized nutrient feedings are economically and environmentally sound alternative methods for greenhouse tomato production in Ontario. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, yield, recycling, rockwool, greenhouse

Irrigation of greenhouse tomatoes grown in "Harrow" peat-bags

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos ◽  
Chin S. Tan
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Three spring and two fall crops of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill; various cultivars) grown in "Harrow" peat bags were irrigated 1, 4, 8 or 16 times daily. All plants received the same volume of fertilizer solution which varied with time from 0.2 to 1.0 L plant−1 d−1 according to crop and environmental conditions. The results showed little or no effect of irrigation frequency on early or total yield, number of grade no. 1 fruit, or fruit size. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, marketable yield

scholarly journals Effect on Yield and Quality of a Simple System to Recycle Nutrient Solution to Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 1641-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent ◽  
Michael R. Short
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Growth Product ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Dietary Value

Recycling the nutrient solution used for greenhouse vegetable production can prevent groundwater pollution. Recycling could result in an accumulation or deficiency of elements that would be deleterious to plant growth, product quality, and the dietary value of vegetables. Complex fertilizer systems have been developed to maintain appropriate concentrations of all elements in recycled systems. We compared a much simpler system in which all excess solution drained from the plants was recycled without adjustment or dilution compared with a system with no recycling as a control. Crops of greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) were grown in two years to compare these systems. Differences in composition of solution drained from the plants developed gradually over more than one month. The transition from vegetative to fruit growth, which coincided with warmer weather, resulted in a decreased demand for nitrate, and other nutrients, and an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) of water drained from the root zone. The composition of the fresh solution supplied to the plants was adjusted accordingly. It took a longer time to re-establish an optimum composition for recycled compared with control watering. EC tended to increase in the recycled system. Recycling decreased total yield and fruit size, but marketable yield was unaffected. The marketable fraction increased in the recycled treatment, primarily as a result of fewer fruit with cracked skin. This effect was consistent across seven cultivars. The cultivars differed in this and other defects, but they did not differ in their response to the two watering systems.

scholarly journals Effects of Grafting on Morphophysiological and Yield Characteristic of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Grafted onto Wild Relative Rootstocks

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1583
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Musa ◽  
Mohd Y. Rafii ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad ◽  
Shairul Izan Ramlee ◽  
Muhammad Asyraf Md Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Graft Success

Grafting is regarded as an integral component of sustainable vegetable production. It is important in the management of soil-borne diseases, and reports suggest that grafting with viable rootstocks can enhance crop growth and yield. This research was conducted using splices and cleft grafting techniques to investigate graft compatibility among varieties of high yielding eggplant scion (MCV1, MCV2, CCV1, CCV2, CCV3, NCV, and TCV) grafted onto wild rootstocks (MWR, BWR, and TWR) to study their morphophysiological and yield characteristics. High yielding scions grafted onto wild relative rootstocks were compared with two controls including self-grafted and non-grafted. All the scion had a high rate of germination (≥95%) and remarkable graft success (100%) was recorded in MCV1, MCV2, and TCV using the cleft techniques. Generally, the use of rootstocks resulted in higher total and marketable fruit yield compared to the non-grafted and self-grafted scion plants, respectively. In particular, MWR and TWR rootstock conferred the highest vigour to the scion, resulting in the highest values recorded for total and marketable fruit yield, number of fruits per plant and average fruit weight. A similar result was obtained in fruit length and diameter, where long and wide fruits were observed in scions grafted onto MWR and TWR rootstocks, respectively. Grafting of high yielding eggplant scion onto resistant MWR, BWR and TWR eggplant rootstock was found to be beneficial for eggplant cultivation. The remarkable compatibility and vigour of the rootstock with scion led to the improvement in total and marketable yield of the fruits. As such, it can be concluded that the use of wild relative rootstocks of eggplant species can be a valuable method of improving eggplant production.

scholarly journals EFFETS DE LA COMPOSITION DU SUBSTRAT TOURBEUX ET DU VOLUME DES SACS DE CULTURE SUR LA PRODUCTIVITÉ DE LA TOMATE DE SERRE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROCK OUIMET ◽  
JOSÉE CHARBONNEAU ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
LÉON-ÉTIENNE PARENT ◽  
JACQUES BLAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

A large-fruited greenhouse tomato cultivar (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Dombello’) was grown in 12-, 24- and 36-L bags containing three types of peat:perlite substrates (85:15, 70:30 and 55:45, vol:vol). The control consisted of 36-L bags containing peat only. Plant density was three plants per bag, i.e. 3.22 plants m−2. Early and total yields of marketable and nonmarketable fruits were measured. Early yields were higher for plants grown in 12- or 24-L bags as compared to those grown in 36-L bags, although blossom-end rot followed the same trend. Seasonal cumulative yields were not influenced significantly by bag size and substrate composition. Reduced perlite content and bag size increased the incidence of blossom-end rot. The incidence of blossom-end rot and average fruit weight indicate that reduction of root-zone volume and air porosity increased water stress. Greenhouse tomatoes can be grown successfully in smaller bag sizes containing peat substrate amended with more than 15% perlite.Key words: Tomato, peat-lite substrates, root-zone restriction, blossom-end rot, fruit weight, grow bag

PLANT SPACING EFFECTS ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION OF THE GREENHOUSE TOMATO

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1209-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
ATHANASIOS P. PAPADOPOULOS ◽  
DOUGLAS P. ORMROD
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Leaf Weight

The effect of four equidistant spacings (23, 30, 38, 45 cm) applied to four-row plantings of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’CR-6’) on plant net photosynthesis (P) and transpiration (E) was studied. Closer spacing decreased the leaf-area-based net photosynthesis (Pa) of the lower leaves but had little effect on the Pa of the upper leaves. The exposed parts of a tomato plant could adjust their Pa rates upwards to compensate for the low Pa of their shaded parts. The leaf-weight-based net photosynthesis (Pw) increased with the decrease of plant spacing and it was higher in inside compared to outside plants. The differences between the Pa and Pw results were mostly attributable to the effect of light in increasing the specific leaf weight (SLW). The E rate of plants increased at the closest spacing and there was a higher leaf weight based transpiration (Ew) in inside than outside plants. The leaf area based transpiration (Ea) and stomatal resistance (Rw) were not affected appreciably by light (photosynthetic photon flux density) other than at very low levels (i.e. less than 100 μmol m−2 s−1) where there was a sharp increase in Rw and a corresponding decrease in Ea. The P of plants growing in an environment of gradually declining duration and intensity of solar irradiance declined with the aging of plants. There was no similar effect on E.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, plant spacing, photosynthesis, transpiration, tomato

scholarly journals Effect of Shade on Quality of Greenhouse Tomato

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 759A-759
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent*
Keyword(s):  
Light Transmission ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Shade Cloth ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Shading a greenhouse increased the fraction of tomatoes that were marketable, and the marketable yield, in a comparison of greenhouse tomato yields across years, in some of which the greenhouses were shaded. In 2003, the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes were compared directly when grown in spring and summer in Connecticut in identical greenhouses that differed only in the degree of shade. Each half of four greenhouses was either unshaded or shaded using reflective aluminized shade cloth rated to reduced light transmission by 15%, 30%, or 50%. Each shade treatment was repeated in two houses. Tomatoes were germinated in February and transplanted in March The houses were shaded when fruit began to ripen in early June. Picking continued through August. The effect of shade on total yield developed gradually. Yields in June were unaffected by shade, but in August yield under no shade was about 30% higher than under 50% shade. In contrast, there was an immediate effect of shade on fruit size. Fruit picked in June from plants under 50% shade was 16% smaller than from plants grown under no shade. This difference declined later in the season, to 6 and 9%, in July and August respectively. The highest yield of marketable fruit in 2003 was picked from houses under no shade, but this was only 10% more than picked from the houses under 50% shade. Shade increased the fraction of marketable fruit, from 54% under no shade to 63% under 50% shade. Certain defects were decreased by shade. For instance the fraction of fruit with cracked skin was decreased from 33% to 25%. In general, effects on fruit quality varied linearly with the degree of applied shade.

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