scholarly journals Yield and Russeting of Greenhouse Tomato as Influenced by Leaf-to-fruit Ratio and Relative Humidity

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique-André Demers ◽  
Martine Dorais ◽  
Athanasios P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Very High

Three experiments were conducted in greenhouses 1) to determine the optimal leaf-to-fruit ratio for minimizing the incidence of russeting (miniature cuticle cracks on fruit) while optimizing fruit yield of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and 2) to investigate the effect of day/night relative humidity (RH) regimens on the development of russeting. Leaf-to-fruit ratio treatments (0.5–2.0) were achieved by varying the number of fruit (two to six fruit) per cluster and the number of leaves (two to four leaves) between clusters. In one experiment, plants were also subjected to either high day/low night or low day/high night RH regimens (low RH, 60% to 70%; high RH, 85% to 95%). Results showed that russeting of greenhouse tomato was mostly influenced by the number of fruit per cluster (total fruit load), and very little by the number of leaves between clusters. In general, decreasing the number of fruit per cluster resulted in a progressive increase in the occurrence of russeting. Furthermore, as the number of fruit per cluster decreased, the percentage of fruit with no russeting and with little russeting decreased whereas the percentage of fruit with the more severe russeting increased (except for the summer). For beefsteak cultivars Trust and Rapsodie grown under southwestern Ontario conditions, the best pruning practices for minimizing russeting and optimizing yield was to prune clusters to three fruit in early spring and late fall, to four fruit during spring and fall, and to five fruit during the summer, with three leaves between clusters all year long. In the current study, no significant effect of day/night RH regimens on fruit russeting was observed. Of the cultivars used, Rz 74/56 was less sensitive to russeting than ‘Trust’, whereas ‘Rapsodie’ was not different from the two other cultivars. However, all three cultivars had a very high incidence of russeting (>65% of fruit affected), and none should be regarded as russeting resistant. Breeding programs and genetic investigations with the objective of developing greenhouse tomato cultivars resistant to russeting are needed.

scholarly journals Yield of Greenhouse Tomato with Constant or Intermittent Heating of the Root and Shoot

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 607d-607
Author(s):  
M.P.N. Gent ◽  
Y.-Z. Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Constant Heating

Is intermittent heating of the root zone more beneficial than constant heating for production of greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), with diurnal variation of air temperature (DIF)? Yields were compared with 14°C day/14°C night or 22°C day/6°C night minimum air temperatures, resulting in 5 and 14°C DIF. The root zone was unheated or was heated to 20°C constantly or for 6 hours in the day, or 6 hours in the night. The greenhouse tomato cultivars Buffalo and Caruso were transplanted in early and late March in 1994 and 1995. Averaged over both years and cultivars, the yield from early March planting with 14°C DIF was greater than with 5°C DIF, 6.6 and 6.1 kg/plant, respectively, due to an increase in weight per fruit and to earlier ripening. Root zone heat increased yield compared to no heat, due to a greater number of fruit. With 5°C DIF, yields with constant and intermittent root zone heat were similar. The yields were 5.4, 6.4, 6.2, and 6.2 kg/plant with none, day, night and constant heat, respectively. With 14°C DIF, there were larger differences in yield, 5.7, 7.0, 6.6, and 7.1 kg/plant with none, day, night and constant root zone heat, respectively. However, interactions between air and root heat regimes were not statistically significant. The yield from late March planting was greater with 14°C than with 5°C DIF, but root zone heat had no effect. Research supported in part by grant 93-37100-9101 from NRI Competitive grants program/USDA.

scholarly journals Elevated and Super-elevated CO2 Effects on Stomatal Behavior and Yield of Tomato Cultivated Hydroponically

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 587b-587
Author(s):  
C.L. Mackowiak ◽  
G.W. Stutte ◽  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
N.C. Yorio
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fresh Mass ◽  
Very High ◽  
Bioregenerative Life Support

The growth of candidate crops in high CO2 environments is being investigated as part of NASA's goal of using higher plants for bioregenerative life support systems. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cvs. Red Robin and Reimann Philipp were grown in recirculating hydroponics at 400, 1200, 5000, or 10,000 μmol·mol–1 CO2 for 105 days. The plants received a 12/12 hour photo-period at 500 μmol·m–2·s–1 PPF, 26/22°C (light/dark), and 65% continuous relative humidity. Stomatal conductance increased at the highest CO2 levels, which is similar to what we have reported with Soybean, radish, and potato. Fruit number increased with increasing CO2, where Red Robin produced 663 fruit/m2 and Reimann Philipp produced 6870 fruit/m2 at 10,000 μmol·mol–1 CO2. Fruit fresh mass was greatest at 10,000 μmol·mol–1 CO2 for Red Robin (7.4 kg·m–2) and at 5000 μmol·mol–1 CO2 for Reimann Philipp (27 kg·m–2), suggesting that very high CO2 was not detrimental to yields. These findings contrast with those of wheat, soybean, and potato, which have shown slightly depressed yields at CO2 levels above 1200 μmol·mol–1.

Host range of a powdery mildew (Erysiphe orontii) on tomato

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Utkhede ◽  
C. A. Koch ◽  
J. G. Menzies ◽  
D. L. Ehret
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
Powdery Mildew Infection

A powdery mildew disease of greenhouse tomato first appeared in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia in 1995. The causal agent was identified as Erysiphe orontii. Host range studies were conducted using uniform levels of inoculum of the pathogen under greenhouse conditions. Of 26 tomato cultivars inoculated, cv. DRW4409F1 had the least powdery mildew infection. Twenty-five of the 26 tomato cultivars tested, as well as eggplant cv. Early Long Purple, nightshade and tomatillo, were susceptible to E. orontii. Tobacco and potato (cv. Epicure) had slight infection. Cultivars of pepper, potato, corn, strawberry, raspberry, bean, feverfew, borage, delphinum, petunia, impatiens, gazania, morning glory, zinnia, african daisy, cosmos, wild buckwheat, curled dock, and knotweed were not susceptible to E. orontii. This study indicates that resistance to powdery mildew of tomato is available and should be explored in breeding programs to develop powdery mildew-resistant cultivars for the greenhouse industry. Key words: Host resistance, Lycopersicon esculentum, powdery mildew, Solanaceae

EPIDEMIOLOGY, ECOLOGY AND PREVALENCE OF SOIL TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS FROM KOSHI REGION OF NORTH BIHAR.

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI CHOUDHARY ◽  
PRABHAWATI PRABHAWATI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Prevalence of soil transmitted helminthes infections in apparently healthy school going children and other 528 people of different districts of Koshi regions of North Bihar were evaluated. Over all incidences of STHs infection was 39.39% during study. High incidence of STH was seen in the rainy season i.e., in the month of July and August, September, significantly higher (P<0.05) .The incidence of Ascaris lumbricoides was highest in the month of August (18.64%). The month of September was 15.25% followed by that of July (14.4%) and October with 10.16%. Also the incidence of hookworm registered the highest incidence in the month of June (19.27%) and lowest in the month of December (4.82%) during the study period. However prevalence of Trichuris trichiura was negligible and it was almost nil in the most of the months but was highest in month of September with 28.57% and lowest in October with 14.00% The climatic factors are responsible for soil transmitted helminthes which are temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. Ascariasis, Trichuriasis and Ancyclostomiasis (Hookworm infection) are found to be endemic in this region.

scholarly journals Immediate rehabilitation with feeding appliance of a three day old neonate with cleft lip and palate- a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295
Author(s):  
Deepika Kapoor ◽  
Deepanshu Garg
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Very High

Orofacial clefts (OFC) are one of the most common congenital problems seen with a very high incidence. It imparts a negative effect on the overall health of the child by hindering in his feeding practices, normal facial growth, development of dentition and hence speech. Infants born with orofacial clefts have oronasal communication which creates a problem with the creation of negative pressure inside the oral cavity required for suckling.The treatment for such patients is with the multidisciplinary approach but the preliminary  concern for the neonate is to help with the feeding for which a feeding appliance is given. This case report presents a case of a 3-day old infant to whom a feeding appliance was given to aid in suckling. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in an area with very high incidence of cervical carcinoma

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Pao ◽  
SM Kao ◽  
G-C Tang ◽  
K Lee ◽  
J Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Papillomavirus Dna ◽  
Very High

Immunocytochemical localization of callose in the vascular tissue of tomato and cotton plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Mueller ◽  
A. T. Morgham ◽  
E. M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Gold Labelling ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

Callose (β-1,3-glucan) was localized with the electron microscope in the contact cells surrounding vessels of tomato and cotton infected with Fusarium oxysporum by means of gold labelling with a polyclonal antiserum to β-1,3-glucan. The callose was deposited in the apposition layers formed after infection in the cells surrounding initially infected vessels. Callose was not detected in the contact cells surrounding secondarily infected vessels. Callose could be detected in the contact cells of resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars 4 h after inoculation. Key words: β-1,3-glucans, contact cells, gold labelling, Gossypium, Lycopersicon esculentum.

Growth, photosynthesis and productivity of greenhouse tomato cultivated in open or closed rockwool systems

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Hao ◽  
A. P. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Environmentally Sound

Two full spring season tomato crops (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. “Trust”) were grown in an open rockwool system with standard rockwool feeding formulae (O-R; conventional method), and in closed rockwool systems with standard rockwool (C-R) or Nutrient Film Technique (C-NFT) feeding formulae (modified in 1997) in 1996 and 1997 to examine the feasibility of a fully closed rockwool production system with appropriate feeding formulae. The closed rockwool system with optimized feeding formulae achieved high marketable yield, similar to that of the open rockwool system. There were no differences in early plant growth, plant biomass or biomass partitioning, and in total fruit yield, size and grades except for the closed rockwool system with the standard rockwool feeding formulae (C-R), which had lower yield than C-NFT in the last month of harvest in 1996. The photosynthesis of old foliage was higher and the root systems at the end of the experiments were rated healthier in plants grown in the closed (C-R and C-NFT) systems than in plants grown in the open (O-R) system. Over 30% of water and fertilizer was saved with the closed systems in comparison to the conventional open system. These results demonstrated that closed rockwool systems with optimized nutrient feedings are economically and environmentally sound alternative methods for greenhouse tomato production in Ontario. Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, tomato, yield, recycling, rockwool, greenhouse

scholarly journals Associations between morphological and agronomic characteristics in garlic crop

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Valter C de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Amanda G Guimarães ◽  
Tiago D Firme ◽  
Aline Aparecida A Costa ◽  
Márcia Regina da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genotypic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Bulb Yield

ABSTRACT Correlations and path analysis between characteristics can aid the selection of important attributes in breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform genotypic, phenotypic correlations and path analysis under commercial yield of garlic bulbs, depending on morphological and agronomic variables. The experiment was carried out in 2017 at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri and Universidade Federal de Lavras, using ten garlic genotypes, eight trials and two commercial cultivars, Caçador and Jonas. We evaluated: plant height; number of leaves, total bulb number; total bulb mass, total bulb yield, marketable bulb yield and number of cloves per bulb. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations were positive and significant between marketable yield of bulbs with bulb mass, total yield and number of cloves per bulb, indicating that selection based on these characteristics will help increase the yield of garlic. However, only the number of cloves per bulb had a direct effect and a relevant indirect effect on the marketable yield of garlic.

Early spring and late autumn response to applied nitrogen in four grasses

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
A. A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Leaf Extension ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

SummaryThe regrowth of Aberystwyth S. 23 perennial ryegrass, S. 24 perennial ryegrass, S. 59 red fescue and S. 170 tall fescue was studied in field swards, comparing four levels of applied nitrogen, for 8 weeks following a clearing cut. The clearing cuts were in mid-October, mid-February and mid-March in each of 3 years, different plots being used on each occasion.The application of N increased the number of leaf primordia, the number of un-emerged leaves, the rate of leaf emergence and death, leaf blade length, width and weight, sheath length, number of leaves per unit area of ground and proportion of green tissue in total yield. The application of N had little effect on the number of leaves per tiller and tended to reduce weight per unit area of leaf blade. The increase in size, weight and number of leaf blades appeared to be major reasons for the positive effect of applied N on yield, previously reported; and the increase in sheath length contributed to the increase in proportion of yield above 4 cm. Rate of leaf extension was not closely related to yield and was more sensitive to temperature than was yield. Changes during regrowth in blade and sheath length helped to explain changes in weight per tiller, previously reported. The effects of improving weather conditions in late winter/early spring were similar to the effects of applied N: larger, heavier leaf blades, longer sheaths, a taller canopy, a lower proportion of dead material, younger leaves. The length of shoot apex per leaf primordium was relatively constant. Leaves continued to emerge, at a slow rate, in the period December–February. S. 170 had the biggest leaves, particularly in May, and the slowest rate of leaf turnover. Rate of leaf extension was increased by applied N more, on average, in the ryegrasses than in the fescues.

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