scholarly journals Subcellular Localization of 14-3-3 Regulatory Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 614e-614
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bihn ◽  
Robert J. Ferl
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
Wide Range

The 14-3-3 proteins were originally characterized in mammalian brains and were thought to be specifically involved in neurotransmitter production. Subsequent research has revealed that this family of proteins is ubiquitous in eucaryotic cells and is involved in a wide range of regulatory and signal transduction pathways. For instance, some 14-3-3 proteins have been associated with the signal transduction in response to fungal pathogen attack and to other environmental factors that affect transcription. In Arabidopsis, 10 isoforms of 14-3-3 have been isolated, raising the possibility that diversity of function may be governed by cellular and subcellular specificities of expression and localization. We have investigated the localization of certain 14-3-3 isoforms through transgenic expression of epitope-tagged 14-3-3s.

Histidine kinases in signal transduction pathways of eukaryotes

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1141-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. Loomis ◽  
G. Shaulsky ◽  
N. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Response Regulators ◽  
Histidine Kinases ◽  
Camp Phosphodiesterase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Two Component Signal Transduction ◽  
Dependent Protein

Autophosphorylating histidine kinases are an ancient conserved family of enzymes that are found in eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes. They are activated by a wide range of extracellular signals and transfer phosphate moieties to aspartates found in response regulators. Recent studies have shown that such two-component signal transduction pathways mediate osmoregulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dictyostelium discoideum and Neurospora crassa. Moreover, they play pivotal roles in responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to ethylene and cytokinin. A transmembrane histidine kinase encoded by dhkA accumulates when Dictyostelium cells aggregate during development. Activation of DhkA results in the inhibition of its response regulator, RegA, which is a cAMP phosphodiesterase that regulates the cAMP dependent protein kinase PKA. When PKA is activated late in the differentiation of prespore cells, they encapsulate into spores. There is evidence that this two-component system participates in a feedback loop linked to PKA in prestalk cells such that the signal to initiate encapsulation is rapidly amplified. Such signal transduction pathways can be expected to be found in a variety of eukaryotic differentiations since they are rapidly reversible and can integrate disparate signals.

scholarly journals The vesicular trafficking system component MIN7 is required for minimizing Fusarium graminearum infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana K. Machado Wood ◽  
Vinay Panwar ◽  
Mike Grimwade-Mann ◽  
Tom Ashfield ◽  
Kim E. Hammond-Kosack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
System Component ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTPlants have developed intricate defense mechanisms, referred to as innate immunity, to defend themselves against a wide range of pathogens. Plants often respond rapidly to pathogen attack by the synthesis and delivery of various antimicrobial compounds, proteins and small RNA in membrane vesicles to the primary infection sites. Much of the evidence regarding the importance of vesicular trafficking in plant-pathogen interactions comes from the studies involving model plants whereas this process is relatively understudied in crop plants. Here we assessed whether the vesicular trafficking system components previously implicated in immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana play a role in the interaction with Fusarium graminearum, a fungal pathogen notoriously famous for its ability to cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat. Among the analyzed vesicular trafficking mutants, two independent T-DNA insertion mutants in the AtMin7 gene displayed a markedly enhanced susceptibility to F. graminearum. Earlier studies identified this gene, encoding an ARF-GEF protein, as a target for the HopM1 effector of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, which destabilizes AtMIN7 leading to its degradation and weakening host defenses. To test whether this key vesicular trafficking component may also contribute to defense in crop plants, we identified the candidate TaMin7 genes in wheat and knocked-down their expression through Virus induced gene silencing. Wheat plants in which TaMIN7 were silenced displayed significantly more FHB disease. This suggests that disruption of MIN7 function in both model and crop plants compromises the trafficking of innate immunity signals or products resulting in hyper-susceptibility to various pathogens.One sentence summaryDisruption of an ARF-GEF protein encoding gene AtMin7 in Arabidopsis thaliana and silencing of the orthologous gene in wheat result in hyper susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum.

scholarly journals Cyclic Peptides that Govern Signal Transduction Pathways: From Prokaryotes to Multi-Cellular Organisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 625-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. Mull ◽  
Anthony Harrington ◽  
Lucia A. Sanchez ◽  
Yftah Tal-Gan
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Cyclic Peptides ◽  
Cyclic Peptide ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Cyclic peptide scaffolds are key components of signal transduction pathways in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms since they act as chemical messengers that activate or inhibit specific cognate receptors. In prokaryotic organisms these peptides are utilized in non-essential pathways, such as quorum sensing, that are responsible for virulence and pathogenicity. In the more evolved eukaryotic systems, cyclic peptide hormones play a key role in the regulation of the overall function of multicellular organisms, mainly through the endocrine system. This review will highlight several prokaryote and eukaryote systems that use cyclic peptides as their primary signals and the potential associated with utilizing these scaffolds for the discovery of novel therapeutics for a wide range of diseases and illnesses.

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