scholarly journals The vesicular trafficking system component MIN7 is required for minimizing Fusarium graminearum infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana K. Machado Wood ◽  
Vinay Panwar ◽  
Mike Grimwade-Mann ◽  
Tom Ashfield ◽  
Kim E. Hammond-Kosack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
System Component ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTPlants have developed intricate defense mechanisms, referred to as innate immunity, to defend themselves against a wide range of pathogens. Plants often respond rapidly to pathogen attack by the synthesis and delivery of various antimicrobial compounds, proteins and small RNA in membrane vesicles to the primary infection sites. Much of the evidence regarding the importance of vesicular trafficking in plant-pathogen interactions comes from the studies involving model plants whereas this process is relatively understudied in crop plants. Here we assessed whether the vesicular trafficking system components previously implicated in immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana play a role in the interaction with Fusarium graminearum, a fungal pathogen notoriously famous for its ability to cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat. Among the analyzed vesicular trafficking mutants, two independent T-DNA insertion mutants in the AtMin7 gene displayed a markedly enhanced susceptibility to F. graminearum. Earlier studies identified this gene, encoding an ARF-GEF protein, as a target for the HopM1 effector of the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, which destabilizes AtMIN7 leading to its degradation and weakening host defenses. To test whether this key vesicular trafficking component may also contribute to defense in crop plants, we identified the candidate TaMin7 genes in wheat and knocked-down their expression through Virus induced gene silencing. Wheat plants in which TaMIN7 were silenced displayed significantly more FHB disease. This suggests that disruption of MIN7 function in both model and crop plants compromises the trafficking of innate immunity signals or products resulting in hyper-susceptibility to various pathogens.One sentence summaryDisruption of an ARF-GEF protein encoding gene AtMin7 in Arabidopsis thaliana and silencing of the orthologous gene in wheat result in hyper susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum.

scholarly journals Fusarium graminearum ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter Gene FgABCC9 Is Required for Its Transportation of Salicylic Acid, Fungicide Resistance, Mycelial Growth and Pathogenicity towards Wheat

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-Fei Qi ◽  
Ya-Zhou Zhang ◽  
Cai-Hong Liu ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Tertiary Structure ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Atp Binding ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters hydrolyze ATP to transport a wide range of substrates. Fusarium graminearum is a major causal agent of Fusarium head blight, which is a severe disease in wheat worldwide. FgABCC9 (FG05_07325) encodes an ABC-C (ABC transporter family C) transporter in F. graminearum, which was highly expressed during the infection in wheat and was up-regulated by the plant defense hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the fungicide tebuconazole. The predicted tertiary structure of the FgABCC9 protein was consistent with the schematic of the ABC exporter. Deletion of FgABCC9 resulted in decreased mycelial growth, increased sensitivity to SA and tebuconazole, reduced accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON), and less pathogenicity towards wheat. Re-introduction of a functional FgABCC9 gene into ΔFgABCC9 recovered the phenotypes of the wild type strain. Transgenic expression of FgABCC9 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the accumulation of SA in its leaves without activating SA signaling, which suggests that FgABCC9 functions as an SA exporter. Taken together, FgABCC9 encodes an ABC exporter, which is critical for fungal exportation of SA, response to tebuconazole, mycelial growth, and pathogenicity towards wheat.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Characterization of PX Domain-Containing Proteins Involved in Membrane Trafficking-Dependent Growth and Pathogenicity of Fusarium graminearum

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lou ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Guanghui Wang ◽  
Wenqin Fang ◽  
Shumin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Px Domain ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dependent Growth

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused predominantly by Fusarium graminearum , is an economically devastating disease of a wide range of cereal crops. Our previous study identified F. graminearum Vps17, Vps5, Snx41, and Snx4 as PX domain-containing proteins that were involved in membrane trafficking mediating the fungal development and pathogenicity, but the identity and biological roles of the remaining members of this protein family remain unknown in this model phytopathogen.

Delineating the functional roles of dynamin related proteins in plant innate immunity

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
John M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vesicular Trafficking ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
The University ◽  
Related Proteins

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Vesicular trafficking mediates the movement of cargo molecules from donor to target organelles and is emerging as a critical means by which plants modulate immune responses to microbial pathogens. However, relatively few vesicular trafficking proteins have been implicated as regulatory components of plant immune responses. Here, a candidate-based approach was utilized to identify Arabidopsis thaliana Dynamin-Related Protein 2B (DRP2B), as a novel vesicular trafficking protein functioning in flg22-signaling and innate immunity against Pseudomonas syringae. Loss of DRP2B differently affects three distinct branches of the flg22-signaling network. My analysis was extended to investigate other DRP family members which have also been previously implicated in endocytosis. Interestingly, loss of another DRP family member results in an identical separation of immune signaling responses as described for drp2b mutant plants, providing evidence that these two DRPs may operate within a common flg22-induced signaling pathway. In addition to identifying novel components that affect flg22-induced signaling responses, work in this dissertation sought to understand the potential role(s) of flg22-induced endocytosis of FLS2 in the initiation and attenuation of flg22-induced signaling responses. To this end, I made significant contributions showing that vesicular trafficking of FLS2 is important for the desensitization of cells to flg22 via ligand-induced endocytic degradation of FLS2 and that resensitization of cells to flg22 by secretion of newly-synthesized FLS2 prepares cells for subsequent rounds of flg22-perception. Altogether, work in this dissertation provides some of the first evidence of a link between flg22-induced endocytosis of FLS2 and early flg22-signaling responses.

scholarly journals Facilitation of Fusarium graminearum Infection by 9-Lipoxygenases in Arabidopsis and Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamsi J. Nalam ◽  
Syeda Alam ◽  
Jantana Keereetaweep ◽  
Barney Venables ◽  
Dehlia Burdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
Ja Signaling ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight, an important disease of wheat. F. graminearum can also cause disease in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis LOX1 and LOX5 genes, which encode 9-lipoxygenases (9-LOXs), are targeted during this interaction to facilitate infection. LOX1 and LOX5 expression were upregulated in F. graminearum–inoculated plants and loss of LOX1 or LOX5 function resulted in enhanced disease resistance in the corresponding mutant plants. The enhanced resistance to F. graminearum infection in the lox1 and lox5 mutants was accompanied by more robust induction of salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and signaling and attenuation of jasmonic acid (JA) signaling in response to infection. The lox1- and lox5-conferred resistance was diminished in plants expressing the SA-degrading salicylate hydroxylase or by the application of methyl-JA. Results presented here suggest that plant 9-LOXs are engaged during infection to control the balance between SA and JA signaling to facilitate infection. Furthermore, since silencing of TaLpx-1 encoding a 9-LOX with homology to LOX1 and LOX5, resulted in enhanced resistance against F. graminearum in wheat, we suggest that 9-LOXs have a conserved role as susceptibility factors in disease caused by this important fungus in Arabidopsis and wheat.

Presence of deoxynivalenol in Australian wheat and triticale dash New South Wales Northern Rivers region, 1983

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
NF Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Northern Rivers ◽  
Australian Wheat

Of 12 wheat samples from crops affected by head blight (caused by Fusarium graminearum) at harvest in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales in November 1983, 11 contained up to 6.7 mg kg-1 (mean 1.8 mg kg-1) of the trichothecene mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol (DON, also known as vomitoxin). Grain feeds responsible for feed refusal and vomiting in a piggery in the region were found to contain up to 3.7 mg kg-1 of the toxin. Two triticale samples contained 9 and 11mg kg-1 of DON, but 2 barley samples were negative. A wide range of other wheat samples, principally representative of the New South Wales dryland wheat belt, were all, with 1 exception. found free of DON. Since DON can be produced in times of wet harvest, maximum limits for contamination of grains are recommended.

scholarly journals Transcript Abundance Responses of Resistance Pathways of Arabidopsis thaliana to Deoxynivalenol

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Jiazheng Yuan ◽  
Michelle Zhu ◽  
Khalid Meksem ◽  
Matt Geisler ◽  
Patrick Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Expressed Sequence

Mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), produced by Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch (teleomorph of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) was known to be both a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and an inhibitor of Arabidopsis thaliana L. seed germination. Fusarium graminearum causes both Gibberella ear rot in maize (Zea mays L.) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and barley. Arabidopsis thaliana was also a host for the related root rot pathogen F. virguliforme Aoki. A. thaliana seedling growth was reduced by the pathogen in a proportional response to increasing spore concentrations. Here, the changes in transcript abundances corresponding to 10,560 A. thaliana expressed sequence tags (ESTs) was compared with changes in 192 known plant defense and biotic/abiotic stress related genes in soybean roots after infestation with F. virguliforme. A parallel comparison with a set of resistance pathways involved in response to the DON toxicity in A. thaliana was performed. A. thaliana data was obtained from the AFGC depository. The variations of transcript abundances in Arabidopsis and soybean treated with pathogen suggest that both plants respond to the pathogen mainly by common, possibly global responses with some specific secondary metabolic pathways involved in defense. In contrast, DON toxin appeared to impact central metabolisms in Arabidopsis plants with significant alterations ranging from the protein metabolism to redox production. Several new putative resistance pathways involved in responding to both pathogen and DON infestation in soybean and A. thaliana were identified.

scholarly journals Subcellular Localization of 14-3-3 Regulatory Proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 614e-614
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Bihn ◽  
Robert J. Ferl
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Subsequent Research ◽  
Wide Range

The 14-3-3 proteins were originally characterized in mammalian brains and were thought to be specifically involved in neurotransmitter production. Subsequent research has revealed that this family of proteins is ubiquitous in eucaryotic cells and is involved in a wide range of regulatory and signal transduction pathways. For instance, some 14-3-3 proteins have been associated with the signal transduction in response to fungal pathogen attack and to other environmental factors that affect transcription. In Arabidopsis, 10 isoforms of 14-3-3 have been isolated, raising the possibility that diversity of function may be governed by cellular and subcellular specificities of expression and localization. We have investigated the localization of certain 14-3-3 isoforms through transgenic expression of epitope-tagged 14-3-3s.

scholarly journals The Combined Action of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1, PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4, and SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED101 Promotes Salicylic Acid-Mediated Defenses to Limit Fusarium graminearum Infection in Arabidopsis thaliana

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ragiba Makandar ◽  
Vamsi J. Nalam ◽  
Zulkarnain Chowdhury ◽  
Sujon Sarowar ◽  
Guy Klossner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Catalytic Triad ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Molecular Configuration ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Arabidopsis Defense

Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat and other cereals. F. graminearum also causes disease in Arabidopsis thaliana. In both Arabidopsis and wheat, F. graminearum infection is limited by salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Here, we show that, in Arabidopsis, the defense regulator EDS1 (ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1) and its interacting partners, PAD4 (PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4) and SAG101 (SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE101), promote SA accumulation to curtail F. graminearum infection. Characterization of plants expressing the PAD4 noninteracting eds1L262P indicated that interaction between EDS1 and PAD4 is critical for limiting F. graminearum infection. A conserved serine in the predicted acyl hydrolase catalytic triad of PAD4, which is not required for defense against bacterial and oomycete pathogens, is necessary for limiting F. graminearum infection. These results suggest a molecular configuration of PAD4 in Arabidopsis defense against F. graminearum that is different from its defense contribution against other pathogens. We further show that constitutive expression of Arabidopsis PAD4 can enhance FHB resistance in Arabidopsis and wheat. Taken together with previous studies of wheat and Arabidopsis expressing salicylate hydroxylase or the SA-response regulator NPR1 (NON-EXPRESSER OF PR GENES1), our results show that exploring fundamental processes in a model plant provides important leads to manipulating crops for improved disease resistance.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Fusarium graminearum Strain MDC_Fg1, Isolated from Bread Wheat Grown in France

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek Alouane ◽  
Hélène Rimbert ◽  
Francis Fabre ◽  
Florence Cambon ◽  
Thierry Langin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
French Isolate ◽  
Highly Virulent

Fusarium graminearum is a major fungal pathogen that induces Fusarium head blight (FHB), a devastating disease of small-grain cereals worldwide. This announcement provides the whole-genome sequence of a highly virulent and toxin-producing French isolate, MDC_Fg1.

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