scholarly journals Residual Effects of Chemical Induction of Branching of Apple Trees in the Nursery on Their Performance after Transplanting

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 685f-685
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jacyna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Branch Formation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees

One-year-old trees of three apple selections [NY73334-35 (A), NY75414-1 (B), and NY75413-30 (C)] from the Geneva Breeding Program were transplanted into an orchard. While at the nursery, the trees were treated with Promalin and Accel, by themselves or in combination, to promote lateral branch formation (feathering). After trees were transplanted, no growth regulators were applied to the trees. One year after transplanting, treated trees of B and C had produced more feathers than the controls. This was particularly pronounced with the very difficult-to-branch selection C. No differences between chemical treatments were found. Regardless of selection, each chemical treatment significantly influenced increase in total extension growth compared to the control and contributed to rapid build up of tree structure. There were no differences between the treatments in tree height, tree caliper, or the number of spurs.

scholarly journals Influence of the methods of budding on growth and quality of one-year-old trees of apple cv. Red Elstar 'Elshof'

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wociór ◽  
Justyna Wieniarska ◽  
Piotr Kiczorowski ◽  
Janusz Mazurek ◽  
Irena Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Trunk ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Nursery Field

The experiment was carried out during 1995-1997 in the experimental nursery field of the Agricultural University of Lublin, Poland, in Lublin-Felin. M.9 (EMLA) apple rootstocks were planted at 0,9 - 0,3 (m). No significant differences in tree trunk diameter, tree height and total extension growth of one-year-old shoots between chipand T-budded apple maiden trees of 'Red Elstar Elshof' were found. Chip budding increased the number of trees of first quality about twofold in comparison with T-budding, however, this difference was not significant. Either method of budding considerably influenced the rate of growth of apple trees in nursery. The highest rate of tree growth was observed in May and June.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

scholarly journals LATERAL BRANCH INDUCTION AT NURSERY WITH GROWTH REGULATORS IN ‘MAXI GALA’ APPLE TREES GRAFTED ON FOUR ROOTSTOCKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Rufato ◽  
Lucas De Ross Marchioretto ◽  
Júlio César Orlandi ◽  
Micheli Fochesato Michelon ◽  
Andrea De Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Apple Trees

scholarly journals The effect of different bioregulators on lateral shoot formation in maiden apple trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gąstoł ◽  
Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz ◽  
Michał Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tree Injuries

Abstract One-year-old Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Boskoop’ and ‘Mutsu’ nursery trees on M.9 rootstock were treated with foliar sprays of different BA + GA3 mixtures (450 + 450 mg dm-3 or 780 + 120 mg dm-3) or BA + GA4+7 combinations (450 + 450 or 330 + 570 mg dm-3). Both cultivars showed strong apical dominance; however, increased branching potential was observed following the use of exogenous growth regulators. All of the investigated branching agents revealed a high effectiveness, yet only after one treatment. Environmental factors played a major role in the induction of sylleptic shoot formation, especially in the case of ‘Boskoop’. In the case of ‘Boskoop’, the branching effect was correlated with several vegetative growth properties (tree height, trunk diameter), while for ‘Mutsu’, a different branching pattern was found with no correlations ascertained. No tree injuries were observed following the use of a chemical branching agent.

scholarly journals Increasing Branching of Landscape Pear Trees With Promalin and Dikegulac-sodium

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jacyna ◽  
Christopher J. Starbuck ◽  
Mark R. Ellersiek
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Pyrus Calleryana ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Pear Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees

Abstract One-year-old trees of Pyrus calleryana ‘Bradford’, ‘Aristocrat’ and ‘Redspire’ on ‘OHF 97’ rootstock were treated in a nursery with foliar sprays of Promalin at 750 or 1500 ppm ai or dikegulac-sodium (Atrimmec) at 1440 or 2880 ppm ai in June 1989. Untreated trees of the three pear cultivars averaged less than one branch per tree at the end of the season, while ‘Bradford’ and ‘Aristocrat’ treated with Promalin at either concentration averaged over 10 and ‘Redspire’ averaged 9. Dikegulac promoted branching of all cultivars however, unlike Promalin, reduced tree height and resulted in visibly narrower branching angles.

scholarly journals Enhancing Branching of Apple Trees in the Nursery with Plant Growth Regulators

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 842D-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jacyna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Nursery Trees

Nursery trees of new, promising apple selections [NY-75334-35 (A), NY-75414-1 (B), and NY-75413-30 (C)] from the Geneva breeding program exhibit a distinct apical dominant growth pattern characterized by poor lateral-shoot formation (feathering). To induce feathering, the trees were foliar-treated singly or sequentially with various concentrations of Promalin (1.8%w/w GA4+7 + 1.8%w/w 6BAP) and Accel (0.18% w/w GA4+7 + 1.8% w/w 6BAP), by themselves and in combination. Regardless of branching agent, concentration, and type of application, treated trees, as compared to the control, on average, induced 11.3 vs. 2.2, 6.6 vs. 0.4, and 6.6 vs. 2.0 feathers/tree for selections A, B, and C, respectively. In most instances, higher concentrations of both chemicals induced more feathers than lower concentrations. Tree height and caliper were less affected than lateral-shoot production.

scholarly journals SPRING Vs. AUTUMN FERTILIZER APPLICATION EFFECTS ON APPLE TREES IN THE MID-SOUTH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 735d-735
Author(s):  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
R.A. Allen ◽  
K. Kupperman ◽  
J. Naraguma
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Tree Performance

Three studies were established to compare spring (S) vs. autumn (F) N fertilizer applications on apple tree performance. The studies used newly planted trees, 4-yr-old trees, and 8-yr-old trees, fertilized with either ammonium nitrate or urea at 2 weeks after harvest (F) or at bud break (S). In the first 3 years growth in a newly planted orchard, time of fertilizer did not significantly affect tree height or TCSA. In the first cropping year, F fertilized trees had the greatest flower cluster number and bloom density but similar % set and yield compared to S fertilized trees. F fertilized trees in mature orchards studies tended to be shorter and have smaller TCSA increment after 3 yrs. Treatments did not affect bloom density, % set or total yield although spring fertilized trees had a greater % drop. Although spur leaves of F fertilized trees had greater N content at bloom, shoot leaves typically had lower N and Mn, and higher P, K, and Ca at 90 days after bloom compared to S treatment trees.

scholarly journals 615 PB 293 BAGGING APPLE TREE LEADERS INCREASES LATERAL SHOOT DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 520c-520
Author(s):  
Matt J. Stasiak ◽  
Teryl R Roper
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lateral Branches

Inadequate branch production on apple trees can result in reduced bearing surface and problems with tree training. We sought to increase the number of lateral shoots by enclosing the one year old portion of the central leader of two year old `Jonamac', `Red Jonagold', and `Scarlet Gala', apple trees two weeks prior to bud emergence. The bags were then removed when the longest shoots in the bag were approximately 2.5 cm long. After leaf fall the number and length of shoots in the bagged sections were measured. The number of lateral shoots >5 cm in length produced on the bagged sections of the leaders was increased by 3.7. Total lateral growth on the central leader increased by 149 cm per tree. Trunk cross-sectional area, tree height, or production of lateral shoots >5 cm were not affected by bagging. Differences between clear and orange bags were not significant. Bagging appeared to be an efficient means to induce trees to produce lateral branches. The greatest benefit would be to varieties like `Jonamac' and `Red Jonagold' which averaged only 1.7 laterals without bags.

Management of lesion nematode (Pratylenchus jordanensis) on replanted apple trees

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling ◽  
SR Dullahide ◽  
A Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Old Trees

Chemical and non-chemical strategies for managing lesion nematode (Pratylenchus jordanensis) on apple replants were investigated in field experiments at Applethorpe, Queensland. In the first experiment, old trees from a nematode-infested orchard were removed in June 1987 or April 1988. Plots then received one of the following treatments: solarisation; fallow; animal manures (� 900 kg urea/ha); green manure crops of forage sorghum or lablab bean ploughed in (� 1800 kg urea/ha); ethylene dibromide or methyl bromide. Lesion nematode populations before replanting apple trees in July 1988 were generally lower if trees had been removed 12 months rather than 3 months previously. Nematodes increased on forage sorghum, but populations were reduced substantially when the crop was ploughed in with urea. Methyl bromide was the only treatment to reduce nematode populations at planting to very low levels. Two years after planting, nematode populations on apples were reduced by some of the chemical and non-chemical treatments. Most non-chemical treatments increased the growth of replanted apple trees, but methyl bromide produced the largest trees. In a second experiment, methyl bromide again enhanced early growth, but after 5 years, trees mulched with sawdust or sawdust and manure had the lowest nematode populations and produced yields as good as, or better than, methyl bromide. The results of both experiments suggested that lesion nematodes on apple replants could be managed without fumigant nematicides through a combination of early removal of the previous orchard, incorporation of animal manure or a green manure crop with urea, choice of an appropriate rootstock, and maintenance of a layer of organic mulch around trees.

RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF ALAR ON THE CARBON DIOXIDE AND ETHYLENE PRODUCTION OF McINTOSH APPLES AT HARVEST AND AFTER LONG STORAGE

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. MILLER ◽  
E. C. LOUGHEED
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Ethylene Evolution ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
One Year ◽  
Long Storage

Applications of 750 and 1500 ppm Alar to mature McIntosh apple trees in late July delayed the preclimacteric minimum 9 to 15 days and first detection of ethylene 8 to 12 days, respectively. Both carbon dioxide and ethylene evolution from the treated fruit were lower at harvest with the largest differences occurring before the treated fruit reached the preclimacteric minimum. As the season progressed the differences became smaller. Fruit stored at 2 C until May produced carbon dioxide and ethylene at a greater rate after treatment with Alar. Fruit harvested one year after Alar was applied produced more carbon dioxide and ethylene. The residual effects of Alar on respiration and ethylene production are discussed in relation to commercial practice.

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