scholarly journals 615 PB 293 BAGGING APPLE TREE LEADERS INCREASES LATERAL SHOOT DEVELOPMENT

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 520c-520
Author(s):  
Matt J. Stasiak ◽  
Teryl R Roper
Keyword(s):  
Apple Tree ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lateral Branches

Inadequate branch production on apple trees can result in reduced bearing surface and problems with tree training. We sought to increase the number of lateral shoots by enclosing the one year old portion of the central leader of two year old `Jonamac', `Red Jonagold', and `Scarlet Gala', apple trees two weeks prior to bud emergence. The bags were then removed when the longest shoots in the bag were approximately 2.5 cm long. After leaf fall the number and length of shoots in the bagged sections were measured. The number of lateral shoots >5 cm in length produced on the bagged sections of the leaders was increased by 3.7. Total lateral growth on the central leader increased by 149 cm per tree. Trunk cross-sectional area, tree height, or production of lateral shoots >5 cm were not affected by bagging. Differences between clear and orange bags were not significant. Bagging appeared to be an efficient means to induce trees to produce lateral branches. The greatest benefit would be to varieties like `Jonamac' and `Red Jonagold' which averaged only 1.7 laterals without bags.

scholarly journals The effect of different bioregulators on lateral shoot formation in maiden apple trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gąstoł ◽  
Iwona Domagała-Świątkiewicz ◽  
Michał Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
One Year ◽  
Tree Injuries

Abstract One-year-old Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Boskoop’ and ‘Mutsu’ nursery trees on M.9 rootstock were treated with foliar sprays of different BA + GA3 mixtures (450 + 450 mg dm-3 or 780 + 120 mg dm-3) or BA + GA4+7 combinations (450 + 450 or 330 + 570 mg dm-3). Both cultivars showed strong apical dominance; however, increased branching potential was observed following the use of exogenous growth regulators. All of the investigated branching agents revealed a high effectiveness, yet only after one treatment. Environmental factors played a major role in the induction of sylleptic shoot formation, especially in the case of ‘Boskoop’. In the case of ‘Boskoop’, the branching effect was correlated with several vegetative growth properties (tree height, trunk diameter), while for ‘Mutsu’, a different branching pattern was found with no correlations ascertained. No tree injuries were observed following the use of a chemical branching agent.

scholarly journals Effect of different dosages of organic substrate on the catalase activity and the anthocyanins content in the one-year-old shoots of apple tree

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Julya V. Guryanova ◽  
Viktor D. Khmyrov ◽  
Dmitry V. Guryanov ◽  
Pavel Yu. Khatuntsev ◽  
Taymaskhan H.-H. Aliev
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Dormancy Period ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Yield Decrease

Studies were carried out on the catalase and anthocyanins content in the cortex of one-year-old shoots of apple trees using different dosages of introducing an organic substrate at a dose of 10 t/ha; 25 t/ha; 40 t/ha in the fruit garden. Two varieties were used in the experiments: one of the summer term of ripening – Mechta, and one of winter ripening – Bogatyr, which were grafted onto rootstock 54-118. Studies have shown that the use of an organic substrate at a rate of 10 t/ha and 25 t/ha contributed to an increase in frost resistance in both of the studied varieties. Biochemical processes proceeded more smoothly with the addition of 25 t/ha in both of the studied varieties. Respiratory processes proceeded uniformly, as indicated by the activity of catalase; the accumulation and decrease of anthocyanins were observed according to the regularity of the dormancy period of plants. The dose of 40 t/ha contributed to the inhibition of the regular course of biochemical processes in apple trees, which caused reduction of frost resistance of the apple tree. Such plants are subsequently subject to decrease in frost resistance, and as a result – to yield decrease.

scholarly journals Opioid overdose in public libraries: Results from a five state survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Feuerstein-Simon ◽  
Margaret Lowenstein ◽  
Roxanne Dupuis ◽  
Xochitl Luna Marti ◽  
Abby Dolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Past ◽  
Library Staff ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

AbstractIntroductionPublic libraries are increasingly impacted by the overdose crisis. A 2017 survey of public librarians in the state of Pennsylvania revealed that 12% had reported an on-site overdose in the previous year. There are increasing public and private efforts to equip public libraries with the opioid overdose antidote, naloxone.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey of all public library branches in Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Michigan, and Virginia. Survey questions. We used descriptive statistics to report frequencies of responses and crude odds ratios were calculated to predict the dichotomized variable of endorsement of naloxone uptake.ResultsLibrary staff reported witnessing on-site alcohol (45%) and injection drug (14%) use in the past month. The one-year cumulative incidence (12% overall) of on-site overdose ranged from a low of 10% in MI, to a high of 17% in FL. Among libraries with on-site overdoses, a minority (21%) stocked naloxone, and 12% had administered naloxone. Overall, 11% of libraries stocked naloxone on-site. Although 24% of respondents reported attending at least one training regarding SUD in the past year, 91% wanted more training on the topic.ConclusionsPublic library staff routinely address issues related to substance use and overdose in their institutions. This work highlights the importance of including public libraries as part of a comprehensive public health strategy to address substance use-related morbidity and mortality in the U.S.

Prevalence of anxiety disorders and their comorbidity with mood and addictive disorders

1998 ◽  
Vol 173 (S34) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Regier ◽  
D. S. Rae ◽  
W. E. Narrow ◽  
C. T. Kaelber ◽  
A. F. Schatzberg
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Background The co-occurrence of anxiety disorders with other mental, addictive, and physical disorders has important implications for treatment and for prediction of clinical course and associated morbidity.Method Cross-sectional and prospective data on 20 291 individuals from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study were analysed to determine one-month, current disorders, one-year incidence, and one-year and lifetime prevalence of anxiety, mood, and addictive disorders, and to identify the onset and offset of disorders within the one-year prospective period.Results Nearly half (47.2%) of those meeting lifetime criteria for major depression also have met criteria for a comorbid anxiety disorder. The average age of onset of any lifetime anxiety disorder (16.4 years) and social phobia (11.6 years) among those with major depression was much younger than the onset age for major depression (23.2 years) and panic disorder.Conclusions Anxiety disorders, especially social and simple phobias, appear to have an early onset in adolescence with potentially severe consequences, predisposing those affected to greater vulnerability to major depression and addictive disorders.

scholarly journals Residual Effects of Chemical Induction of Branching of Apple Trees in the Nursery on Their Performance after Transplanting

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 685f-685
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jacyna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Chemical Induction ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Branch Formation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees

One-year-old trees of three apple selections [NY73334-35 (A), NY75414-1 (B), and NY75413-30 (C)] from the Geneva Breeding Program were transplanted into an orchard. While at the nursery, the trees were treated with Promalin and Accel, by themselves or in combination, to promote lateral branch formation (feathering). After trees were transplanted, no growth regulators were applied to the trees. One year after transplanting, treated trees of B and C had produced more feathers than the controls. This was particularly pronounced with the very difficult-to-branch selection C. No differences between chemical treatments were found. Regardless of selection, each chemical treatment significantly influenced increase in total extension growth compared to the control and contributed to rapid build up of tree structure. There were no differences between the treatments in tree height, tree caliper, or the number of spurs.

Prevalence of neck pain in migraine and tension-type headache: A population study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sait Ashina ◽  
Lars Bendtsen ◽  
Ann C Lyngberg ◽  
Richard B Lipton ◽  
Nazrin Hajiyeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Primary Headache ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Primary Headaches ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Headache ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Reported Data

Background We assessed the prevalence of neck pain in the population in relation to headache. Methods In a cross-sectional study, a total of 797 individuals completed a headache interview and provided self-reported data on neck pain. We identified migraine, TTH or both migraine and TTH (M+TTH) groups. Pericranial tenderness was recorded in 496 individuals. A total tenderness score (TTS) was calculated as the sum of local scores with a maximum score of 48. Results The one-year prevalence of neck pain was 68.4% and higher in those with vs. without primary headache (85.7% vs. 56.7%; adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.0–4.4, p < 0.001). Adjusting for age, gender, education and poor self-rated health, in comparison with those without headaches, the prevalence of neck pain (56.7%) was significantly higher in those with M+TTH (89.3%), pure TTH (88.4%) and pure migraine (76.2%) ( p < 0.05 for all three group comparisons). Individuals with neck pain had higher TTS than individuals without neck pain (15.1 ± 10.5 vs. 8.4 ± 8.0, p < 0.001). Conclusions Neck pain is highly prevalent in the general population and even more prevalent in individuals with primary headaches. Prevalence is highest in coexistent M+TTH, followed by pure TTH and migraine. Myofascial tenderness is significantly increased in individuals with neck pain.

scholarly journals Inhibition of lateral shoot formation by RNA interference and chemically induced mutations to genes expressed in the axillary meristem of Nicotiana tabacum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Hamano ◽  
Seiki Sato ◽  
Masao Arai ◽  
Yuta Negishi ◽  
Takashi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Primary Lateral

Abstract Background Lateral branches vigorously proliferate in tobacco after the topping of the inflorescence portions of stems for the maturation of the leaves to be harvested. Therefore, tobacco varieties with inhibited lateral shoot formation are highly desired by tobacco farmers. Results Genetic inhibition of lateral shoot formation was attempted in tobacco. Two groups of genes were examined by RNA interference. The first group comprised homologs of the genes mediating lateral shoot formation in other plants, whereas the second group included genes highly expressed in axillary bud primordial stages. Although “primary” lateral shoots that grew after the plants were topped off when flower buds emerged were unaffected, the growth of “secondary” lateral shoots, which were detected on the abaxial side of the primary lateral shoot base, was significantly suppressed in the knock-down lines of NtLs, NtBl1, NtREV, VE7, and VE12. Chemically induced mutations to NtLs, NtBl1, and NtREV similarly inhibited the development of secondary and “tertiary” lateral shoots, but not primary lateral shoots. The mutations to NtLs and NtBl1 were incorporated into an elite variety by backcrossing. The agronomic characteristics of the backcross lines were examined in field trials conducted in commercial tobacco production regions. The lines were generally suitable for tobacco leaf production and may be useful as new tobacco varieties. Conclusion The suppressed expression of NtLs, NtBl1, NtREV, VE7, or VE12 inhibited the development of only the secondary and tertiary lateral shoots in tobacco. The mutant lines may benefit tobacco farmers by minimizing the work required to remove secondary and tertiary lateral shoots that emerge when farmers are harvesting leaves, which is a labor-intensive process.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF TIMING OF BUD DIFFERENTIATION AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF FLOWER INFLORESCENCE IN BLACKBERRY (Rubus spp.) CULTIVARS IN NORTHERN TURKEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Beril Kocaman ◽  
Hüsnü Demirsoy ◽  
Leyla Demirsoy
Keyword(s):  
Flower Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Lateral Branches

Blackberry (Rubus spp.) production is attracting interest in Turkey’s northern part, but information on timing of bud differentiation and developmental stages of flower inflorescence on next season is limited. The objective of this study was to determine the timing of bud differentiation and development stages of flower inflorescence in 4 biennial fruiting blackberry (Rubus spp.) cultivars (‘Chester’, ‘Dirksen Thornless’, ‘Jumbo’, ‘Bursa 1’) grown in northern Turkey. Axillary bud samples were collected from the middle parts of the one year of lateral branches every 7–15 days from September 2008 to May 2010. Ten development stages were identified from the flower bud differentiation to post-bloom period. The transition from the vegetative to reproductive stage occurred during September to October, with the differentiation of the terminal flower occurring on September 18 in ‘Bursa 1’, October 4–9 in ‘Dirksen Thornless’, October 16–20 in ‘Jumbo’, and October 20–22 in ‘Chester’. In all the examined cultivars, flower development occurred between September and June and lasted for 193–215 days.

scholarly journals Reasons and Associated Problems for Not Replacing Lost Teeth: A Cross-sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 965-969
Author(s):  
Parthasarathy Natarajan ◽  
Seenivasan Madhankumar ◽  
Karthigeyan Jeyapalan ◽  
Shanmuganathan Natarajan ◽  
V. Anand Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Government ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

To find out and to understand the reasons and the associated problems for not substituting the lost teeth and to make an attempt in reducing the possible cause of not replacing the missing teeth. A total of 300 patients who had visited to the Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Medical college & research institute with aged above 25 years with as a minimum of one missing teeth (excluding third molars) not replaced for more than three months and have visited the Institute other than for replacement of the missing teeth were selected. The study includes a predesigned and structured questionnaire containing seven (closed end) questions and followed by clinical examination recording the number and positions of the missing teeth. All the data were statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis shows the 42% of the patients find economical reason as the main hurdle for the replacement of the teeth followed by 33% of patients finds lack of time and remaining 25% of the patients are unaware of replacing the missing teeth. The 62% of male patients were found to be not pleased with their existing oral condition in terms of mastication of food & whereas 61% of female patients were found to be not satisfied with the aesthetics of the present dentition. Out of the various reasons, the economic reasons was the key reason for non- replacement of missing teeth. The patients having missing posterior teeth had more than the one-year duration of edentulousness. It can be suggested that, to reduce the economic burden in replacing the missing teeth, the Government of India and the insurance providers can include the dental treatment in their list of treatment covered by the health insurance.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Urge to Operate: One-year Neurophysiological Follow-up in Severe CTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Alireza Ashraf ◽  
◽  
Zahra Hooshanginezhad ◽  
Attiyeh Vasaghi ◽  
Nima Derakhshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Function ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensory Nerve Action ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Low Amplitude

Background and Aim: Several approaches have been proposed for the treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) based on its severity. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal management for severe CTS. Methods and Materials/Patients: This cross-sectional study was conducted for 22 months from August 2017 to June 2019 in a referral rehabilitation clinic in southern Iran. A total of 117 hands diagnosed with severe CTS were included in 78 patients according to Electrodiagnostic Study (EDX) reports (considering Sensory Proximal Latency (SPL) >3.6 msec, Sensory Distal Latency (SDL) >5.3 msec, Sensory Nerve Conduction Velocity (SNCV) <30 m/sec, Distal Motor Latency (DML) >6.5 msec as being severe) who refused to undergo surgery. Boston questionnaire was filled out and conventional EDX was carried out at the first and the 1-year follow-up visits. Results: In patients with a detectable Sensory Nerve Action Potential (SNAP), motor amplitude (P<0.002) and latency (P<0.01), SPL (P<0.003) and SNCV (P<0.006), and Boston parameters improved significantly in the one-year follow-up visit compared with the results at the first visit. However, improvement in patients with absent or low amplitude SNAP at the first visit was only observed in proximal sensory latency (P<0.005) and amplitude (P<0.003). Conclusion: There is a considerable chance for non-surgical improvement of patients with severe CTS in terms of symptom relief, hand function, and EDX parameters in those with detectable SNAP at the first visit; however, patients with undetectable SNAP have little, if any, the chance for improvement with conservative measures.

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