scholarly journals Transplant Quality as Affected by Temperature, Light Intensity, and Photoperiod during Storage

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 481C-481
Author(s):  
C. Kubota ◽  
S. Seiyama ◽  
K. Sakami ◽  
T. Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Plug Seedling

Storage techniques to hold the seedlings for several weeks prior to shipping/transplanting have been required for the successful management in plug seedling production. During storage, it is required to suppress growth and development of the seedlings as well as to preserve their transplant quality. Illumination during storage has been shown to be important for storage of high-quality transplants. In the present experiments, eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) plug seedlings, which were ready for transplanting after 3 weeks of growth under 28/20C photo-/dark period temperature, 330 μmol·m–2·s–1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and 16-hr photoperiod per day, were stored for 3 to 4 weeks under combinations of different temperatures, PPF, and photoperiods. Storage air temperature affected elongation of the seedlings during 3 weeks of storage. Continuous illumination at a PPF close to the light compensation point maintained dry weight of the seedlings unchanged during storage and kept the high percent survival after storage. Storage in darkness reduced the dry weight during storage and, thus, the percent survival after storage. PPF and photoperiod were shown to be important factors in the preservation of transplant quality and suppression of growth of the seedlings during storage.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF LIGHT, CO2, AND SUCROSE CONCENTRATIONS ON THE IN VITRO GROWTH OF WHITE POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 696f-696
Author(s):  
N.C. Yorio ◽  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
R.C. Weigel
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
White Potato ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Effect Of Light

Growth measurements of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cvs. Norland (NL), Denali (DN), and Kennebec (KN) were taken from 21-day-old plantlets grown in vitro. Studies were conducted in a growth chamber, with nodal explants grown in culture tubes with loose-fitted Magenta 2-way caps containing Murashige and Skoog salts with either 0, 1, 2 or 3% sucrose. The cultures received either 100 or 300 μmol m-2 s-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and the growth chamber was maintained at either 400 or 4000 μmol mol-1 CO2. All cvs. showed significant increases in growth on 0% sucrose media at 4000 μmol mol-1 CO2, indicating an autotrophic response. At 400 μmol mol-1 CO2, all cvs. showed an increase in total plantlet dry weight (DW) with increasing sucrose under both PPF levels. Within any sucrose treatment, the highest total DW for all cvs. resulted from 300 μmol m-2 s-1 PPF and 4000 μmol mol-1 CO2. At 4000 μmol mol-1 CO2, shoot DW declined with sucrose above 2% for DN and sucrose above 1% for NL at both PPF levels, suggesting that high sucrose levels may hinder growth when CO2 enrichment is used.

scholarly journals PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC MICROPROPAGATION OF CYMBIDIUM PLB

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 585c-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieri Kubota ◽  
Chalermpol Kirdmanee ◽  
Toyoki Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Photoautotrophic Growth ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Photoautotrophic Micropropagation

Cymbidium (cv. Lisa rose) PLB (protocorm-like bodies) were cultured in liquid 1/2 MS medium with/without 20 mg g-1 sucrose under continuous lighting conditions. The vessels were shaken at 100 rpm under PPF (photosynthetic photon flux) of 20 and 140 μmol m-2 s-1 and CO2 concentrations outside the vessel (Cout) of 450 and 2000 μmol mol-1 conditions. Photoautotrophic growth was obtained at high PPF and high Cout. The chlorophyll content of the PLB in the medium without sucrose at high PPF and high Cout was almost 3 times that with sucrose at low PPF and low Cout. The number of newly developed PLB with sucrose at low PPF and low Cout was 1.6 times that without sucrose at high PPF and high Cout; the dry weight per unit PLB with sucrose at low PPF and low Cout was almost 3 times that without sucrose at high PPF and high Cout. Photoautotrophic growth of the PLB might be further promoted at higher CO2 concentration (> 1%).

scholarly journals Growth and Interior Performance of Poinsettia in Media Containing Composted Cotton Burrs

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Tung Wang ◽  
Thomas M. Blessington
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Euphorbia Pulcherrima ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Number Of Branches

Rooted cuttings of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch cv. Gutbier V-14 Glory were planted in 2-liter containers with growth media having 0% to 75% composted cotton burrs (CCB) in combination with sphagnum peat and/or composted pine bark. Leachates from media with 50% or more CCB had higher initial electrical conductance (EC) (3.7 to 4.0 dS·m-l) than that from media with 25% or no CCB (2.8 to 3.0 dS·m-l) 2 weeks after planting. The differences in leachate EC declined after an additional 9 weeks. Media containing CCB produced slightly shorter and narrower plants with 10% smaller inflorescences and less dry weight than plants grown in a medium consisting of equal volumes of peatmoss and bark. Number of branches and bracts, days to bloom, and plant grade after 30 days under 15 μmol·s-l· m-2 photosynthetic photon flux were unaffected by media.

scholarly journals Modification of Petunia Seedling Carbohydrate Partitioning by Irradiance

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-480
Author(s):  
David F. Graper ◽  
Will Healy
Keyword(s):  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Relative Growth

Petunia × hybrida Villm. `Red Flash' plants received either 10 or 20 mol·day-1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) in growth chambers at: 175 μmol·m-2·s-1 for 16 hours, 350 μmol·m-2·s-1 for 8 or 16 hours, or 350 μmol·m-2 s-1 for 8 hours plus 8 hours of incandescent photoperiod extension (5 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF). The irradiation components of peak, total, and duration were examined. Doubling total PPF increased total carbohydrate (CHO) production by 60%, seedling dry weight (DW) by 30%, rate of seedling growth by 25%, and acid invertase activity by 50% compared to the other treatments, once the seedlings had reached the two-leaf stage. Seedlings receiving 20 mol·day-1 PPF partitioned 14% more CHO into ethanol soluble sugars rather than starch, which may explain the increase in relative growth rate observed with supplemental irradiance treatments. Extending the photoperiod for 8 hours with 5 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF reduced total CHO production by 50% compared to the same treatment without photoperiodic lighting. Treatment with 350 μmol·m-2·s-1 for 8 hours resulted in the highest O2 evolution (8.8 μmol O2/min per dm2). Increasing the photoperiod from 8 to 16 hours gave the lowest rate of O2 evolution (4.5 μmol O2/min per dm2). Previous reports of the importance of photosynthetic period in controlling partitioning between starch and sugars may have simply observed a decreasing rate of starch accumulation due to increased total PPF.

scholarly journals Night Interruption Lighting Is Beneficial in the Production of Plugs of Dahlia `Sunny Rose'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1246
Author(s):  
Garry Legnani ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Foliar N Concentration

Experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of photoperiod on growth and dry-weight partitioning in Dahlia sp. `Sunny Rose' during both seedling (plug) production and subsequent production in 10-cm pots. Plugs were grown under short days [9-hour natural photosynthetic photon flux (PPF)] or long days (same 9-hour PPF plus a 4-hour night interruption with incandescent light). Total plant dry weight was unaffected by photoperiod; however, long days (LD) inhibited tuberous root development and increased shoot dry weight, fibrous root dry weight, leaf area, shoot length, and number of leaf pairs. Long days reduced plug production time by ≈1 week compared with short days (SD). Following transplanting to 10-cm pots, shoot growth and foliar development were superior under LD. There was no effect of photoperiod on foliar N concentration. The superior growth of LD plugs following transplanting can be attributed to the plant being in a physiological state conducive to shoot expansion instead of storage.

scholarly journals Blue Light Monochromatic Irradiation for 12 Hours in Lighting Pattern with Combinations of Blue and Red Light Elongates Young Cos Lettuce Leaves and Promotes Growth under High Daily Light Integral

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Jishi ◽  
Ryo Matsuda ◽  
Kazuhiro Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Leaf Elongation

Cos lettuce was grown under different spectral photon flux density distribution (SPFD) change patterns with blue- and/or red light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation with a 24-hour cycle. Twelve treatments were designed with a combination of four relative SPFD (RSPFD) change patterns and three photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels. The RSPFD change patterns were as follows: BR/BR, simultaneous blue- and red-light irradiation (BR) for 24 h; R/BR, red-light monochromatic irradiation (R) for 12 h followed by 12 hours of BR; B/BR, blue-light monochromatic irradiation (B) for 12 hours followed by 12 hours of BR; and B/R, 12 hours of B followed by 12 hours of R. Each RSPFD change pattern was conducted at three daily average photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDave) of 50, 100, and 200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The RSPFD change patterns that included B (B/BR and B/R) resulted in elongated leaves. A low ratio of active phytochrome to total phytochrome under B was considered the reason for leaf elongation. Shoot dry weight was significantly greater under the RSPFD change patterns that included B when the PPFDave was 200 µmol·m−2·s−1. The leaf elongation caused by B would have increased the amount of light received and thereby promoted growth. However, excessive leaf elongation caused the plants to fall, and growth was not promoted under the RSPFD change patterns that included B when the PPFDave was 50 µmol·m−2·s−1. Thus, 12-hour B promoted growth under conditions in which leaf elongation leads to increases in the amount of light received.

UTILISATION D’UN MODULE ROTATIF À DEUX NIVEAUX ET DE L’ÉCLAIRAGE ARTIFICIEL POUR LA CULTURE DE L’EXACUM ET DU GÉRANIUM

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-923
Author(s):  
MICHEL TARDIF ◽  
BLANCHE DANSEREAU ◽  
ROGER THÉRIAULT
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Level System ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
The Third ◽  
Width Effect ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Exacum Affine ◽  
Standard Production

A cultivar of exacum (Exacum affine Balf. f. ’Elfin’) as well as two cultivars of geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum L. H. Bailey ’Hollywood Star’ and ’Hollywood Red’) were given three light treatments. The first treatment using standard production practices received only ambient light, the second treatment using standard production practices received ambient light combined with a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 100 μmol m−2 s−1 provided by high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps, and the third treatment used a rotating two-level system where ambient light on the top level and a PPF of 100 μmol m−2 s−1 on the bottom level were used. An increased growth (height and width) effect was observed for the two geranium cultivars grown on the two-level system compared to the plants receiving the other treatments. The dry weight of exacums grown on the two-level system was 25% greater than those plants receiving only ambient light (during Winter/Spring-88). Certain processes such as thigmomorphogenesis, thermomorphogenesis, and photomorphogenesis may explain physiological modifications undergone by the plants growing on the two-level system.Key words: Rotating two-level system, photosynthetic photon flux, Exacum affine, Pelargonium × hortorum, photomorphogenesis, thermomorphogenesis

scholarly journals Enhancement of Growth and Development of Tomato Seedlings by Extending the Light Period Each Day

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Toida ◽  
Katsumi Ohyama ◽  
Yoshitaka Omura ◽  
Toyoki Kozai
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Bud Initiation

The light and dark periods can be easily controlled by the use of artificial lighting. To understand the effects of alternation of light and dark periods on plant growth and development, we studied the growth and development of tomato (`Momotaro') seedlings under nonperiodic alternation of light and dark periods. Tomato seedlings grown under two nonperiodic alternation treatments of NF (NF-1 and NF-2) were compared with seedlings grown under a periodic alternation treatment (P treatment) with 12-hour light and dark periods. In all treatments, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) during the light period was maintained at 280 μmol·m-2·s-1; the sum of each light period and the following dark period was 24 hours; and each of the integrated light and dark periods was 132 hours during 11 days of the experiment. In NF-1, the initial light and dark periods were 7 and 17 hours, respectively, and the light period was extended 1 hour per day, while in NF-2, they were initially 17 and 7 hours, respectively, and the light period was shortened 1 hour per day. At the end of the experiment, dry weight per seedling was greater and flower-bud initiation of the first flower truss was earlier in NF-1 than in NF-2 and P, even though the integrated PPF during the experiment was the same in all treatments. These results demonstrate that growth and development of tomato seedlings can be enhanced without any increase in electric energy consumption for lighting by gradually extending the light period or shortening the dark period.

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