The Growth of New Guinea Impatiens with Controlled-release Fertilizer in a Recirculating Subirrigation System

New Guinea impatiens `Illusion' were grown in a recirculating subirrigation system using a controlled-release complete fertilizer (Osmocote 14–14–14). In a preliminary experiment, plants were grown under varying label rates (0, 0.5x, 1x, 2x, 4x) incorporated throughout the growing medium. Excellent growth and high-quality plants were produced at the 0.5x and 1x rates. Higher rates caused reduced growth and quality. The next study was a factorial experiment of rate (0.25x, 0.5x, 0.75x, and 1x) times placement (incorporated, top dress, bottom placement, and dibble). Slight growth increases and dramatic leaf area increases were observed with increasing fertilizer rate, regardless of placement. Slightly higher fresh and dry weights were observed in the incorporated treatment compared to the top dress treatment. Both the incorporated and top dress treatments yielded better growth than bottom placement or dibble treatments. Other parameters measured (height, chlorophyll content) did not appear to be affected by placement. EC (dS/m) of the growing medium was highest in the top 1/3 of the container in all placement treatments. EC increased with increasing rate. EC was higher in the incorporated than in the top-dress treatment, which may be due to different release rates or may be an artifact of extraction (prill removal). No rates or placements showed damaging EC levels.

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Identifying the Optimal Application Rate of Three Fertilizers Used to Grow New Guinea Impatiens

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-34.4.118 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 118-122

Author(s):

A.K. Ostrom ◽

C.C. Pasian

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Tap Water ◽

Consumer Preference ◽

New Guinea ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Preference Ratings ◽

New Guinea Impatiens

This manuscript describes the effect of controlled-release, and water-soluble fertilizers on the growth and quality of New Guinea impatiens (NGI) (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.). Three different fertilizers were applied at three rates each in order to investigate their effect on growth and quality of ‘Paradise New Red.’ NGI. Fertilizer treatments included 1) a 20-4.4-16.6 water-soluble fertilizer (WSF), 2) a 10-1.8-2.5 soybean-based fertilizer (SBF), and 3) a 15-4-10, three-to four-month longevity controlled-release fertilizer (CRF). CRF was applied as a pre-plant at 1×, 0.75×, and 0.5× the label rate. WSF and SBF fertigation rates of 75, 150, and 250 mg·L−1 N (75, 150, and 250 ppm N), respectively, were used based on a common range of fertigation rates in a greenhouse setting from what is considered relatively low, moderate, and high for NGI production. Plants were irrigated or fertigated by hand every 1 to 5 days as needed, based on environmental conditions and plant size, with either approximately 300 mL (10.4 oz) of either tap water or a fertilizer solution. SPAD readings, above ground plant weight, consumer preference ratings, and cumulative flower number were measured and used to calculate a quality index (QI). Optimal fertilizer rates as determined by the QI were found to be 1) CRF at 7.11 kg·m−3 (11.8 lb·yd−3), 2) SBF at 150 mg·L−1 (150 ppm) N, and 3) WSF at 75 mg·L−1 (75 ppm) N. With the application method used in this work, the WSF was more efficient than the SBF because it produced high quality plants with less fertilizer applied. While for the most part overall consumer preference ratings coincided with plant dry weight, there were some exceptions, indicating that consumers can prefer plants that are not necessary the largest as indicated by their dry weights. Consumer preferences may not coincide with typical plant parameters of plant growth all the time. Consumer preferences should be always considered in an industry that sell its products based mainly on their appearance.

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Optimum Potassium Concentrations in Recirculating Subirrigation for Selected Greenhouse Crops

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.6.1441 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1441-1444 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Trisha Blessington Haley ◽

David Wm. Reed

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

New Guinea ◽

Middle Layer ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Growing Medium ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

K Concentration ◽

New Guinea Impatiens ◽

Recommended Level

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of K fertilizer rates on growth of New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens Hawkeri Bull.), vinca (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) and petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.-Andr.) in a recirculating subirrigation system. Based on a variety of growth parameters, a broad range of K concentrations allowed maximum growth, notably 1 to 6 mM for New Guinea impatiens `Ovation Salmon Pink Swirl', 2 mm for New Guinea impatiens `Cameo' and `Illusion', 2 to 8 mm for vinca `Pacifica Apricot', and 2 to 16 mm for petunia `Trailing Wave Misty Lilac'. Thus, the lowest concentration that allowed maximum growth was 1 to 2 mm K. A third experiment compared the optimum K concentration and K balance of vinca grown with recirculating subirrigation versus top-watering. Based on a variety of growth parameters of vinca `Pacifica Red', the lowest concentration that allowed maximum growth was 2 mm K with recirculating subirrigation and 4 mm K with top-watering. The K balance demonstrated that subirrigated plants were twice as efficient in K use compared to the top-watered plants. Leachate loss was the major contributor to inefficiency in top-watered plants. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the growing medium remained below the recommended level of 1.2 dS·m-1 in both irrigation methods at K concentrations of 16 mm and below in the bottom layer and 8 mm and below in the middle layer. In the top layer of the growing medium, EC was above the recommended level at all K concentrations tested in subirrigation at all concentrations, and in top-watering at 16 mm and above.

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Production and Postproduction Performance of Two New Guinea Impatiens Cultivars Grown with Controlled-release Fertilizer and No Leaching

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.5.820 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 820-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Darren L. Haver ◽

Ursula K. Schuch

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

New Guinea ◽

Light Level ◽

High Rate ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽

Light Levels ◽

High Moisture Level ◽

Leaf N Content ◽

New Guinea Impatiens

The objectives of this study were to determine 1) the minimum controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) rate and the lowest constant medium moisture required to produce the highest quality plants and 2) if this production system affected quality of these plants under two postproduction light levels. Two New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens sp. hybrids) `Illusion' and `Blazon' (Lasting Impressions Series) differing in salt tolerance were grown for 42 days with a CRF at three rates (3.3, 6.6, or 9.9 g/pot) and two medium moisture levels (low or high) without leaching. The high moisture level (tension setpoints of 1 to 3 kPa) and 6.6 g of CRF/pot produced optimum biomass. Low medium moisture (tension setpoints of 4 to 6 kPa) reduced leaf area, leaf number, leaf N content, root, stem, and leaf dry masses as CRF rate increased from low to high for `Illusion'. Similar results in `Blazon' were observed as CRF rates increased from 3.3 to 6.6 g. Biomass decreased no further at the high rate of 9.9 g/pot. Biomass increased in both cultivars under high medium moisture when CRF rates increased from 3.3 to 6.6 g. Biomass of `Illusion' decreased at 9.9 g/pot, although no symptoms of salt sensitivity were observed (i.e., leaf tip burn). `Blazon' maintained a similar biomass when amended with 9.9 or 6.6 g CRF/pot, although electrical conductivity (EC) in the medium was 5.9 dS·m-1 in the upper half and 4.1 dS·m-1 in the lower half of the medium at the end of production. Growth of `Illusion' responded more favorably to postproduction light levels that were similar to those of production regardless of treatment imposed during production. Similar biomass responses occurred for `Blazon' regardless of the postproduction light level.

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Characterizing Salinity Limits of New Guinea Impatiens in Recirculating Subirrigation

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.123.1.156 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 123 (1) ◽

pp. 156-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nancy Morgan Todd ◽

David Wm. Reed

Keyword(s):

Root Zone ◽

New Guinea ◽

Middle Layer ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Salinity Treatment ◽

Root Mass ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Leaching Fraction ◽

Impatiens Hawkeri ◽

New Guinea Impatiens

New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens hawkeri Bull.) were grown in a recirculating ebb-and-flow subirrigation system under increasing levels of salinity stress from a mixture of NaCl and CaCl2 (1:1 equivalent ratio, 2:1 molar ratio) and recommended production levels of other nutrients. Growth and quality decreased as salinity level increased, with a 75% to 80% growth reduction at 18 mol·m-3 NaCl-CaCl2 compared to controls. Among controls, root mass distribution was 10%, 50%, and 40% in the top, middle, and bottom layers of the root zone, respectively. In the highest salinity treatment (18 mol·m-3 NaCl-CaCl2), most of the root mass was in the middle layer (80%), while the root mass in the top and bottom layers was reduced to 5% and 15%, respectively. The electrical conductivity (EC) of the growing medium was high in the top layer in all treatments, but only exceeded maximum recommended levels in the middle and bottom layers in the 4·mol·m-3 or higher treatments. Initial postproduction leaching caused the salts in the top layer to migrate to the middle and bottom layers, which in some experiments induced a rapid and transient wilting. Up to six leaching and drying cycles of a 0.20 leaching fraction were required to reduce EC in all layers to recommended levels. Overall, salable plants of good quality and size were produced with up to 2 mol·m-3 (total 152 mg·L-1) NaCl-CaCl2 in the recirculated nutrient solution.

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RESPONSE OF NEW GUINEA IMPATIENS TO FERTILITY LEVEL IS AFFECTED BY APPLICATION FREQUENCY

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.688c ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 688c-688

Author(s):

Laura K. Judd ◽

Douglas A. Cox

Keyword(s):

Growth Medium ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

New Guinea ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertility Level ◽

Soluble Salts ◽

Fertilizer Rate ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Application Frequency ◽

New Guinea Impatiens

New Guinea impatiens (Impatiens sp. hybrids) are particularly sensitive to growth medium soluble salts level during the first four to six weeks after potting. Results of this experiment show that this response is affected by the interaction of fertilizer rate and application frequency. Solutions containing 20N-4.3P-16.6K at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g·liter-1 were applied to `Selenia' growing in 520 ml pots 4, 8, 12, or 16 times (evenly-spaced) during a 70 day experiment. A significant interaction occurred between fertilizer rate and application frequency. Shoot dry weight (DW) increased linearly with application frequency at 0.5 g·liter-1. Overall 16 applications of 0.5 g· liter-1 resulted in the most growth of all rate and frequency combinations. Maximum DW at 1.0 g·liter-1 was achieved with 12 applications and 8 applications resulted in the most DW with 1.5 and 2.0 g·liter-1. In treatments where growth was inhibited, growth medium EC exceeded 1.0 dS·m-1. EC did not exceed 0.4 dS·m-1 at any application frequency with 0.5 g·liter-1.

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Controlled-release Fertilizer and Constant Media Moisture Affects the Growth of a Salt-sensitive and Salt-tolerant New Guinea Impatiens Cultivar

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.764a ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 764A-764

Author(s):

Darren L. Haver ◽

Ursula K. Schuch

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

New Guinea ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Moisture Level ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Plant Mortality ◽

Controlled Release Fertilizer ◽

The Media ◽

New Guinea Impatiens ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

Salt-sensitive (`Illusion') and salt-tolerant (`Blazon') New Guinea impatiens cultivars were grown for 70 days with a controlled-release fertilizer at 3.3, 6.6, or 9.9 g/pot under constant media moisture of 1–3 kPa or 4–6 kPa. Optimum growth for both cultivars occurred using 6.6 g/pot and a media moisture level of 1–3 kPa. The leaf area (LA), leaf number (LN), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and root dry weight (RDW) were significantly reduced at 9.9 g/pot in `Illusion', with values similar to those at 3.3 g/pot. LDW, SDW, RDW, LA, and LN were similar for 6.6 g/pot and 9.9 g/pot in `Blazon'. At 4–6 kPa LDW, SDW, RDW, LA, and LN decreased from low to high in `Illusion'. LA in `Blazon' also decreased from low to high, but LDW, SDW, RDW, and LN were unaffected. Media EC levels were greater in the upper half of the media regardless of moisture level. EC values as high as 7.3 dS·m–1 in the upper half of the media and as high as 5.2 dS·m–1 in the lower half of the media were measured without causing plant mortality.

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Complete Genome Sequence Resource for the Necrotrophic Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium Dickeya dianthicola 67-19 isolated from New Guinea Impatiens

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-20-1968-a ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yingyu Liu ◽

Tyler Helmann ◽

Paul Stodghill ◽

Melanie Filiatrault

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

New Guinea ◽

Future Research ◽

Plant Pathogenic Bacterium ◽

High Quality ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Rdna Sequencing ◽

Impatiens Hawkeri ◽

New Guinea Impatiens

New Guinea Impatiens (NGI, Impatiens hawkeri) are popular bedding plants that can be affected by a number of pathogens. Using 16S rDNA sequencing and genus-specific PCR, we identified the first Dickeya dianthicola strain isolated from NGI presented with blackleg symptoms, herein designated as D. dianthicola 67-19. Here, we report a high-quality complete and annotated genome sequence of D. dianthicola 67-19. The 4,851,809 bp genome was assembled with Nanopore reads and polished with Illumina reads, yielding 422× and 105× coverage, respectively. This closed genome provides a resource for future research on comparative genomics and biology of D. dianthicola, which could translate to improved detection and disease management.

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Simulated Water Use and Growth of New Guinea Impatiens (Impatiens X hb.) in Single Pots Using Root Zone Heating

Transactions of the ASAE ◽

10.13031/2013.28538 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1887-1893

Author(s):

G. E. Meyer ◽

G. Ridder ◽

J. B. Fitzgerald ◽

D. D. Schulte

Keyword(s):

Water Use ◽

Root Zone ◽

New Guinea ◽

New Guinea Impatiens

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Modulating the Thermoresponse of Polymer-Protein Conjugates with Hydrogels for Controlled Release

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13162772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2772

Author(s):

Vincent Huynh ◽

Natalie Ifraimov ◽

Ryan G. Wylie

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Residence Times ◽

Release Rates ◽

Critical Solution Temperature ◽

Protein Conjugates ◽

Particle Encapsulation ◽

Glycol Methyl Ether

Sustained release is being explored to increase plasma and tissue residence times of polymer-protein therapeutics for improved efficacy. Recently, poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (PEGMA) polymers have been established as potential PEG alternatives to further decrease immunogenicity and introduce responsive or sieving properties. We developed a drug delivery system that locally depresses the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PEGMA-protein conjugates within zwitterionic hydrogels for controlled release. Inside the hydrogel the conjugates partially aggregate through PEGMA-PEGMA chain interactions to limit their release rates, whereas conjugates outside of the hydrogel are completely solubilized. Release can therefore be tuned by altering hydrogel components and the PEGMA’s temperature sensitivity without the need for traditional controlled release mechanisms such as particle encapsulation or affinity interactions. Combining local LCST depression technology and degradable zwitterionic hydrogels, complete release of the conjugate was achieved over 13 days.

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