scholarly journals 034 Resistance to Root-knot Nematode in Vitis champinii

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 394A-394
Author(s):  
Peter Cousins ◽  
M. Andrew Walker
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Commercial Use

The grape Vitis champinii Planchon is one source of nematode resistance in grape rootstocks. Several selections valued for their resistance to the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), a serious pest of grape production, are used as rootstocks and in rootstock variety development. However, V. champinii-based rootstock varieties are faulted for their excess vigor and susceptibility to other root pests. Root-knot nematode populations with the ability to damage important V. champinii-based rootstocks have been identified and may become more common. Other V. champinii accessions might be sources of nematode resistance genes with different specificities or might have more suitable horticultural characteristics than V. champinii varieties in commercial use. Nine V. champinii accessions from the National Clonal Germplasm Repository, Davis, Calif., and a V. champinii rootstock variety were screened for resistance to M. incognita. Resistance was assessed by counting eggs produced per root system. Eight of ten V. champinii accessions did not support nematode reproduction. Susceptible accessions supported lower nematode reproduction than susceptible V. vinifera control varieties. Progeny testing from crosses of resistant and susceptible accessions suggests that a dominant and a recessive gene may condition root-knot nematode resistance.

Assessment of the most suitable nematode inoculum density and plant growth period to screen coffee genotypes for their reaction to Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Santino A. Silva ◽  
Anderson C.G. Bicalho ◽  
Débora C. Santiago ◽  
Lucas S. Cunha ◽  
Andressa C.Z. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
The Ideal

Summary One of the concerns for nematological research is the absence of information on standard nematode population densities to be used when screening to assess resistance/susceptibility levels of a genotype. In addition, the length of the growth period, especially for perennial crops such as coffee, must also be known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal evaluation periods and population densities of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, for phenotyping Coffea arabica genotypes. Seedlings of coffee ‘Mundo Novo’ with five leaf pairs cropped in 700 cm3 plastic pots were inoculated with population densities of 700, 1400, 2800, 5600 and 11 200 eggs of M. incognita per plant and evaluated at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after inoculation (DAI) to determine the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The use of population densities of M. incognita from 700-2000 nematodes with evaluations between 90 and 180 DAI was the most suitable to obtain higher RF values and allows earlier and more accurate evaluations, which reduces the time for phenotyping in genetic screening programmes.

scholarly journals Evidence for a Second RKN Resistance Gene in Peanut

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Branch ◽  
T.B. Brenneman ◽  
J.P. Noe
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Model ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Vicia Villosa ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode (RKN), [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1] can result in highly significant yield losses in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. Fortunately, very high levels of RKN nematode resistance have been identified and incorporated from wild species into newly developed peanut cultivars. In 2011-12 at Tifton, GA, a field site was artificially inoculated with M. arenaria race 1. A susceptible cultivar was used to uniformly increase the peanut-specific race 1 nematode population during the summer and fall; whereas, hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) was used for the same purpose each winter as a susceptible cover crop. During 2013 and 2014, space-planted F2 and F3 populations from cross combinations involving A. hypogaea susceptible × resistant parental lines derived from ‘COAN’ were evaluated, respectively. Several past inheritance studies had suggested a single dominant gene, Rma, controlled the resistance. However in this study, the occurrence of a second recessive gene (rma2) was also found to be involved in very high peanut RKN resistance. Inheritance data fit a 13:3 genetic model and confirmed an earlier report for two RKN-resistance genes (Rma1 and rma2) found in TxAG-6 and now COAN.

scholarly journals Age of Plant Material Influences Resistance of Some Prunus Rootstocks to Meloidogyne incognita

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fernández ◽  
Jorge Pinochet ◽  
Daniel Esmenjaud ◽  
Maria Joao Gravato-Nobre ◽  
Antonio Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
High Level

The influence of salinity and plant age on nematode reproduction was determined on two susceptible and six root-knot-nematode-resistant Prunus rootstocks inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White). Experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions over 120 (plant age study) and 75 (salinity study) days. Following inoculation with 4000 nematodes per plant, susceptible 2-month-old GF-677 (Prunus persica L. Batsch. × P. dulcis Mill. Webb) and Montclar (P. persica) were affected significantly more than 1-year-old plants. Barrier (P. persica × P. davidiana Carr. Franch.) plantlets showed a partial loss of resistance in relation to older plants, suggesting that a root tissue maturation period is required for expression of full resistance. Nemared (P. persica); G × N No 22 (P. persica × P. dulcis); and the plums GF 8-1 (P. cerasifera Ehrh. × P. munsoniana Wight and Hedrick), PSM 101 (P. insititia L.), and P 2980 (P. cerasifera) maintained their high level of resistance or immunity, regardless of plant age. Nematode reproduction was higher in GF-677 rootstock in saline soil. Nemared and Barrier showed similar low galling and nematode reproduction in nonsaline and saline soil. PSM 101 immunity to M. incognita was not affected by soil condition.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne Incognita on Sesamum Indicum and the Efficacy of Yield-Based Scheme in Resistance Designation

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Jonathan Atungwu ◽  
Steve Afolami ◽  
Olufunke Egunjobi ◽  
Opeyemi Kadri
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Two Phases

Pathogenicity ofMeloidogyne IncognitaonSesamum Indicumand the Efficacy of Yield-Based Scheme in Resistance DesignationTwo screenhouse experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 rainy season to investigate the reaction of three selectedSesamum indicumcultivars against three population densities of a root knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita.Seedlings ofS. indicumwere raised in pots arranged in completely randomised design and inoculated with 0, 5 000, and 10 000 eggs ofM. incognita, replicated six times. Root knot disease was evaluated at mid-season and harvest. A new method for evaluating and reporting resistance toMeloidogynespp. that divides the screening procedure into two phases in the same experiment was adapted. The first phase investigated the host response through the traditional standard method that utilises only gall and nematode reproduction indices, while the second considered the effect of root knot disease on grain production of the crop. There was consistency in host designation of E8 and NICRIBEN-01M (syn: 530-1-6) which were classified under the traditional and improved rating schemes as tolerant and resistant, respectively. However,S. indicumbreeding line Pbtil (No. 1) which was considered susceptible under the old system was found to be tolerant using the integrated and improved system. Root galls incited by the nematode degenerated significantly from mid-season to harvest time. Utilising yield as additional parameter for assessing resistance to root knot nematode provides a complete picture ofSesamum-Meloidogyneinteraction, and therefore a more meaningful system for determining host response.

scholarly journals Interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and fungi: a potential threat to cotton crop in Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1277-1290
Author(s):  
Mehwish Naz
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root System ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Cotton Wilt

Cotton is an important cash crop of Pakistan and is severely affected with wilt in cotton-growing areas of Punjab province. Research was carried out on two major pathogens of cotton Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Meloidogyne incognita and their possible role in wilt disease complex. During 2017-19, a survey of cotton growing areas of Punjab (Jhang, Multan, Vehari, Mianwali, Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Kabir Wala, Dakota, Basti Dharik, Tibba Sultan Pur, Rajan Pur, Chak 27 (Layyah), Chak 99B (Layyah), Lodhran, Fateh Pur and Dagar Rohtass) was conducted to collect a sample on symptomology basis of yellowing of leaves, discoloured bark of lower part of the stem, blackened xylem vessel and wilting. Data were recorded on wilt disease incidence, prevalence, associated pathogens and root-knot nematodes. Prevalence of cotton wilt was recorded the maximum 85% in areas of Vehari, Kabir Wala and Rajan Pur while the maximum incidence in both Multan and Tibba Sultan Pur was 15%. Percentage association of wilting fungi was recorded from the soil, roots, stem and leaves on placing them in artificial media and soil dilution techniques were used to determine fungi in rhizosphere such as Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor and Pythium. Root associated fungi were isolated by Hyphal tip method and isolated F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia spp. and Pythium spp. From stem and leaf sample, F. oxysporum, Verticillium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria spp. and Botryodiplodia spp. were recorded. Relative density nematode was recorded from different locations and highest occurrence was observed in Bahawalpur (85%) by using different extraction methods. Eggs masses of root knot nematodes were staining by using Phloxin B and nematodes inside root system was done by using acid fuchsin. Nematode reproduction parameters like No. of J2/roots system, J2 in 100ml of soils, eggs masses/root system, females/ roots system, galls/ root system were recorded. Cotton wilt caused by the interaction of Fusarium and Root knot nematode is threat to cotton industry in Pakistan and it should be treated to avoid economic losses.

scholarly journals POTENSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT MENGINDUKSI KETAHANAN TANAMAN LADA TERHADAP INFEKSI Meloidogyne incognita

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
RITA HARNI ◽  
MEYNARTI SARI DEWI IBRAHIM
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Split Root System

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Meloidogyne incognita, merupakan salah satu organisme peng-ganggu (OPT) penyebab penyakit kuning pada tanaman lada dan dapatmengakibatkan penurunan hasil sampai 32%. Beberapa teknik untukmengendalikan patogen ini telah dilakukan tetapi belum memberikan hasilyang memuaskan. Pengendalian biologi dengan menggunakan bakteriendofit merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang cukup men-janjikan untuk dapat mengatasi permasalahan nematoda penyakit tanaman.Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi danNematologi Departemen Proteksi Tanaman Institut Pertanian Bogor, danRumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka TanamanIndustri Pakuwon Sukabumi dari bulan Mei sampai November 2009.Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah: 1) Seleksi beberapa isolat bakteri endofituntuk mengendalikan nematoda M. incognita pada tanaman lada dan 2)Potensi induced systemic resistance (ISR) dan analisis asam salisilat sertaperoksidase. Isolat bakteri endofit yang digunakan adalah isolat bakteriendofit potensial yang diisolasi dari akar nilam. Akar tanaman ladadirendam dalam suspensi bakteri endofit, selanjutnya diinokulasi dengan500 ekor larva 2 M. incognita. Sebulan setelah inokulasi tanamandibongkar diamati populasi nematoda dan pertumbuhan tanaman. AnalisisISR dilakukan dengan metode split root system dilanjutkan dengananalisis kadar asam salisilat dan peroksidase. Penelitian mengunakanRancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteriendofit dapat menekan jumlah puru dan populasi nematoda di dalam akar.Penekanan tertinggi pada isolat MSK (97,93%) tidak berbeda nyatadengan isolat BAS, TT2, dan NJ46 yaitu 97,35; 95,22; dan 92,14%.Berdasarkan analisis split root system, ke 4 isolat tersebut dapat meng-induksi ketahanan tanaman lada secara sistemik dengan mekanismepeningkatan kandungan asam salisilat dan peroksidase di dalam akar.</p><p>Kata kunci : Bakteri endofit, penyakit kuning, Piper nigrum L.,Meloidogyne incognita, induksi ketahanan</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>The use of endophytic bacteria to induce plant resistanceagainst infection of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyneincognita) on black pepper</p><p>Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) is one of important patho-gens causing yellow disease on black pepper. As a result of this pathogenattack can lower the results up to 32%. Several control methods have beendone successful to control pathogen. Biological control using endophyticbacteria is one of prospective alternative control methods to overcomenematode problem. The research had been conducted in the Laboratory ofBacteriology and Nematology Department of Plant Protection, BogorAgricultural University (IPB) and in greenhouse of Indonesian Spices andIndustrial Crops Research Institute (ISICRI) Sukabumi. The objectives ofthis study were : 1) Selection of endophytic bacteria to control M.incognita nematodes on black pepper and 2) Potential of induced systemicresistance (ISR) and analysis of salicylic acid and peroxidase. Endophyticbacterial isolates used were endophytic potential bacterial isolates isolatedfrom the roots of patchouli. Pepper plant roots were soaked in anendophytic bacterial suspension, then inoculated with 500 larvae of 2 M.incognita. A month after inoculation, the plants were dismantled andobserved population of nematodes and plant growth. ISR analysis wasperformed by the method of split root system followed by analysis ofsalicylic acid and peroxidase contents. The research was arranged usingCompletely Randomized Design. The results showed that endophyticbacteria were able to suppress the amount of gall and nematode populationin roots. The highest suppression was on MSK isolate (97.93%) which wasnot significantly different from BAS, TT2, and NJ46 isolates, namely97.35, 95.22, and 92.14%, respectively. The analysis of split root systemshowed that the 4 isolates were able to induce systemic resistance of blackpepper with a mechanism of increase in salicylic acid and peroxidasecontents in roots.</p><p>Key words : Endophytic bacteria, yellow disease, Piper nigrum L.,Meloidogyne incognita, induce systemic resistance</p>

scholarly journals Development and Genetic Characterization of Peanut Advanced Backcross Lines That Incorporate Root-Knot Nematode Resistance From Arachis stenosperma

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ballén-Taborda ◽  
Ye Chu ◽  
Peggy Ozias-Akins ◽  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
Patricia Timper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Data ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Advanced Backcross

Crop wild species are increasingly important for crop improvement. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) wild relatives comprise a diverse genetic pool that is being used to broaden its narrow genetic base. Peanut is an allotetraploid species extremely susceptible to peanut root-knot nematode (PRKN) Meloidogyne arenaria. Current resistant cultivars rely on a single introgression for PRKN resistance incorporated from the wild relative Arachis cardenasii, which could be overcome as a result of the emergence of virulent nematode populations. Therefore, new sources of resistance may be needed. Near-immunity has been found in the peanut wild relative Arachis stenosperma. The two loci controlling the resistance, present on chromosomes A02 and A09, have been validated in tetraploid lines and have been shown to reduce nematode reproduction by up to 98%. To incorporate these new resistance QTL into cultivated peanut, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing approach, using PRKN A. stenosperma-derived resistant lines as donor parents. Four cycles of backcrossing were completed, and SNP assays linked to the QTL were used for foreground selection. In each backcross generation seed weight, length, and width were measured, and based on a statistical analysis we observed that only one generation of backcrossing was required to recover the elite peanut’s seed size. A populating of 271 BC3F1 lines was genome-wide genotyped to characterize the introgressions across the genome. Phenotypic information for leaf spot incidence and domestication traits (seed size, fertility, plant architecture, and flower color) were recorded. Correlations between the wild introgressions in different chromosomes and the phenotypic data allowed us to identify candidate regions controlling these domestication traits. Finally, PRKN resistance was validated in BC3F3 lines. We observed that the QTL in A02 and/or large introgression in A09 are needed for resistance. This present work represents an important step toward the development of new high-yielding and nematode-resistant peanut cultivars.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document