scholarly journals Interaction of Meloidogyne incognita and fungi: a potential threat to cotton crop in Punjab

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1277-1290
Author(s):  
Mehwish Naz
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root System ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Colletotrichum Spp ◽  
Cotton Wilt

Cotton is an important cash crop of Pakistan and is severely affected with wilt in cotton-growing areas of Punjab province. Research was carried out on two major pathogens of cotton Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum and Meloidogyne incognita and their possible role in wilt disease complex. During 2017-19, a survey of cotton growing areas of Punjab (Jhang, Multan, Vehari, Mianwali, Rahim Yar Khan, Bahawalpur, Kabir Wala, Dakota, Basti Dharik, Tibba Sultan Pur, Rajan Pur, Chak 27 (Layyah), Chak 99B (Layyah), Lodhran, Fateh Pur and Dagar Rohtass) was conducted to collect a sample on symptomology basis of yellowing of leaves, discoloured bark of lower part of the stem, blackened xylem vessel and wilting. Data were recorded on wilt disease incidence, prevalence, associated pathogens and root-knot nematodes. Prevalence of cotton wilt was recorded the maximum 85% in areas of Vehari, Kabir Wala and Rajan Pur while the maximum incidence in both Multan and Tibba Sultan Pur was 15%. Percentage association of wilting fungi was recorded from the soil, roots, stem and leaves on placing them in artificial media and soil dilution techniques were used to determine fungi in rhizosphere such as Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium spp., Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Colletotrichum spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor and Pythium. Root associated fungi were isolated by Hyphal tip method and isolated F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia spp. and Pythium spp. From stem and leaf sample, F. oxysporum, Verticillium spp., Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria spp. and Botryodiplodia spp. were recorded. Relative density nematode was recorded from different locations and highest occurrence was observed in Bahawalpur (85%) by using different extraction methods. Eggs masses of root knot nematodes were staining by using Phloxin B and nematodes inside root system was done by using acid fuchsin. Nematode reproduction parameters like No. of J2/roots system, J2 in 100ml of soils, eggs masses/root system, females/ roots system, galls/ root system were recorded. Cotton wilt caused by the interaction of Fusarium and Root knot nematode is threat to cotton industry in Pakistan and it should be treated to avoid economic losses.

scholarly journals Effect of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Meloidogyne incognita interaction on wilt disease incidence in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2621-2624
Author(s):  
Pinki Meena ◽  
BS Chandrawat ◽  
RR Ahir ◽  
Shivam Maurya ◽  
Lalita Lakhran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity, Virulence, and Meloidogyne incognita Interactions of Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Causing Cotton Wilt in Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alois A. Bell ◽  
Robert C. Kemerait ◽  
Carlos S. Ortiz ◽  
Sandria Prom ◽  
Jose Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Soil Infestation ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Complementation Groups ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Cotton Wilt ◽  
Significant Disease

Locally severe outbreaks of Fusarium wilt of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in South Georgia raised concerns about the genotypes of the causal pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. Vegetative complementation tests and DNA sequence analysis were used to determine genetic diversity among 492 F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates obtained from 107 wilted plants collected from seven fields in five counties. Eight vegetative complementation groups (VCG) were found, with VCG 01117B and VCG 01121 occurring in 66% of the infected plants. The newly recognized VCG 01121 was the major VCG in Berrien County, the center of the outbreaks. All eight VCG resulted in significant increases in the percentages of wilted leaves (27 to 53%) and significant reductions in leaf weight (40 to 67%) and shoot weight (33 to 60%) after being stem punctured into Gossypium hirsutum ‘Rowden’. They caused little or no significant reductions in shoot weight and height or increases in foliar symptoms and vascular browning in a soil-infestation assay. Soil infestation with Meloidogyne incognita race 3 (root-knot nematode) alone also failed to cause significant disease. When coinoculated with M. incognita race 3, all VCG caused moderate to severe wilt. Therefore, the VCG identified in this study belong to the vascular-competent pathotype, and should pose similar threats to cotton cultivars in the presence of the root-knot nematode. Use of nematode-resistant cultivars, therefore, is probably the best approach to control the disease in Georgia.

scholarly journals Efficacy of fungicides in controlling fusarium wilt of gladiolus

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-607
Author(s):  
L Yasmin ◽  
MA Ali ◽  
FN Khan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Field Condition ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Infested Field

The efficacy of fungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt of gladiolus was studied at Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2010-2012 following RCB design with four replications. Six fungicides such as Bavistin (0.1%), Provax (0.2%), Mancozeb (0.2%), Rovral (0.2%), Chlorax (10%) and Cupravit (0.7%) were evaluated against the Fusarium wilt disease of gladiolus (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli) under naturally infested field condition. Bavistin was very effective in reducing the disease incidence and thereby resulting maximum corm germination (99.98%), spike length (73.90 cm), rachis length (43.70 cm), florets spike-1 (12.63), flower sticks plot-1 (38.75) and corm plot-1 (60.23) and cormel yield ha-1 (2.51 t) of gladiolus. Provax and Cupravit were also effective in inhibiting the disease incidence as well as better spike length, rachis length, florets spike-1, no of flower sticks, corm and cormel yield.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(4): 599-607, December 2017

scholarly journals Infection by Meloidogyne artiellia Does Not Break Down Resistance to Races 0, 1A, and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in Chickpea Genotypes

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
B. B. Landa ◽  
J. Rodríguez-López ◽  
R. M. Jiménez-Díaz ◽  
P. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Root System ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistant Plant ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne artiellia, coinfect chickpea crops in several countries of the Mediterranean Basin. The influence of root infection by M. artiellia on the reactions of chickpea genotypes with different reaction to infection with F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris races 0, 1A, and 2 was investigated under controlled environmental conditions. Results demonstrated that co-infection of chickpea genotypes resistant to specific fungal races by M. artiellia did not influence the Fusarium wilt reaction of the plant, irrespective of the F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race assayed. However, in some of the assayed combinations, coinfection by both pathogens significantly affected the level of colonization by the fungus or reproduction of the nematode in the root system. Thus, coinfection of chickpea plants with Foc-0 and M. artiellia significantly decreased the level of colonization of the root system by F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris in genotypes ‘CA 336.14.3.0’ and ‘PV 61’, but not in ‘ICC 14216 K’ and ‘UC 27’. Similarly, the nematode reproduction index was also significantly reduced by coinfection with Foc-0 in the four chickpea genotypes tested and inoculated with this race. Conversely, coinfection of chickpea plants with Foc-1A and M. artiellia significantly increased colonization of the root system by the fungus in all genotypes inoculated with this race, except for line BG 212. Altogether, we confirmed the complete resistance phenotype of ‘UC 27’ and ‘ICC 14216 K’ to Foc-0, and of ‘ICC 14216 K’ to Foc-1A and Foc-2, and demonstrated that this resistance was not modified by coinfection of the resistant plant with M. artiellia.

scholarly journals First Report of Fusarium wilt disease on Watermelon Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) in Malaysia

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ziaur Rahman ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad ◽  
Yasmeen Siddiqui ◽  
Norsazilawati Saad ◽  
Tan Geok Hun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease

Fusarium wilt disease incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) is the utmost devastating soil-inhabiting fungal pathogen limiting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production in Malaysia and globally. The field disease survey of fusarium wilt was carried out during December 2019 and November 2020, in three major production areas (3 farmer fields per location) in Peninsular Malaysia namely, Mersing, Serdang and Kuantan and disease incidence of 30 and 45%, was recorded for each year, respectively. Infected watermelon plants showed symptoms such as vascular discoloration, brown necrotic lesions to the soil line or the crown, one-sided wilt of a plant, or a runner or the whole plant. Infected root and stem tissues, 1-2 cm pieces were surface sterilized with 0.6% NaOCl for 1 minute followed by double washing with sterile water. The disinfected tissues were air-dried and transferred onto semi-selective Komada’s medium (Komada 1975) and incubated for 5 days. The fungal colonies produced were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) to attain a pure culture and incubated at 25±2℃ for 15 days. The pure fungal colony was flat, round and light purple in color. Macroconidia were straight to slightly curved, 18.56-42.22 µm in length, 2.69-4.08 µm width, predominantly 3 septate and formed in sporodochia. Microconidia measured 6.16-10.86 µm in length and 2.49-3.83 µm in width, kidney-shaped, aseptate and were formed on short monophialides in false-heads. Chlamydospores were single or in pairs with smooth or rough walls, found both terminally or intercalary. To confirm their pathogenicity, two-week-old watermelon seedlings (cv. NEW BEAUTY) were dipped into spore suspension (1 ˟ 106 spores/ml) of representative isolates of JO20 (Mersing), UPM4 (Serdang) and KU41 (Kuantan) for 30 second and then moved into 10 cm diameter plastic pots containing 300 g sterilized soil mix. Disease symptoms were assessed weekly for one month. Control seedlings were immersed in sterile distilled water before transplanting. The inoculated seedlings showed typical Fusarium wilt symptoms like yellowing, stunted growth, and wilting, which is similar to the farmer field infected plants. However, the seedlings inoculated by sterile distilled water remained asymptomatic. The pathogen was successfully re-isolated from the infected seedlings onto Komada’s medium, fulfilling the Koch’s postulate. For the PCR amplification, primers EF-1 and EF-2 were used to amplify the tef1-α region. A Blastn analysis of the tef1-α sequences of the isolates JO20 (accession nos. MW315902), UPM4 (MW839560) and KU41 (MW839562) showed 100% similarity; with e-value of zero, to the reference sequences of F. oxysporum isolate FJAT-31690 (MN507110) and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum isolate FON2 790-2 (MN057702). In Fusarium MLST database, isolates JO20, UPM4 and KU41 revealed 100% identity with the reference isolate of NRRL 22518 (accession no. FJ985265). Though isolate FJ985265 belongs to the f. sp. melonis, earlier findings had revealed Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. are naturally polyphyletic and making clusters with diverse groups of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex (O’Donnell et al. 2015). The isolates JO20, UPM4 and KU41 were identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum based on the aligned sequences of tef1-α and molecular phylogenetic exploration by the maximum likelihood method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum as a causative pathogen of Fusarium wilt disease of watermelon in Malaysia. Malaysia enables to export watermelon all-year-round in different countries like Singapore, Hong-Kong, The United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Netherlands. The outburst of this destructive soil-borne fungal pathogen could cause hindrance to watermelon cultivation in Malaysia. Thus, growers need to choice multiple management tactics such as resistant varieties, cultural practices (soil amendments and solarization), grafting, cover crops and fungicide application to control this new pathogen.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn) in Peninsular Malaysia Caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Hazirah Mohd Din ◽  
Osamah Rashed ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease

Fusarium wilt disease is one of the most problematic and destructive disease in cucumber production. The causative agents are Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. These pathogens are soil borne and transmitted through infested soil and water. A field survey was conducted to study the disease prevalence in the major growing areas of cucumber in Peninsular Malaysia. Field study revealed that the disease was highly prevalence in the field with the disease incidence was in the range of 10%–60%. The morphological properties of F. oxysporum are microconidia (3.8–15.7 μm × 2.9–4.9 μm), macroconidia (14.8–38.5 μm × 2.4–5.7 μm) and number of septate was 1–4. While for F. solani are microconidia (3.39–14.63 μm × 2.36–4.44 μm), macroconidia (7.22–50.46 μm × 2.43–6.14 μm) and number of septate was 1–5. Based on molecular identification had confirmed that the disease is caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani with similarity index of 99%–100% based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences. The pathogenicity test showed that the symptoms of Fusarium wilt disease was firstly appeared as yellowing of old leaves. Progressively, the infected plant will be wilted and finally died. The outputs of this study are highly important to establish an effective disease management programme to reduce disease prevalence and yield loss in the field.

scholarly journals SURVEY ON THE INCIDENCE OF FUSARIUM WILT OF TOMATO INCITED BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI (FOL) IN MAJOR TOMATO GROWING AREAS OF KRISHNAGIRI DISTRICT

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (supplemenet 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vignesh ◽  
K. Rajamohan ◽  
P. Balabaskar ◽  
R. Anandan ◽  
R. Udhayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Collar Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Tomato is one of the most important, commercial and widely grown vegetable crop in the world. It is affected by several fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among these Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici causes 30-40% yield loss. A survey was conducted to investigate the incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in ten major tomato growing areas of Krishnagiri district. The occurrence of wilt disease incidence ranged from 18 % to 49% was noticed. Plant showing typical symptoms were taken from 10 fields and identified based on symptom appearance as well as morphological characteristics. The result of the survey revealed that wide range of infection and severity of wilt disease were occurred in the major tomato growing areas in Krishnagiri district. Isolation of the pathogen associated with tomato wilt was made from the diseased tissues in roots and collar region of the plant on the Potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Fol3 recorded the maximum wilt incidence followed by Fol4 and the minimum wilt incidence was recorded by Fol6 . The pathogenicity of the fungal pathogen was also proved after artificial inoculation of the tomato seedlings

scholarly journals Investigations on Biosuppression of Wilt Disease in Tomato Using Cell-Free Culture Filtrate of Phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Borisade Omotoso Abiodun ◽  
Olofin Adeola Rosemary ◽  
M. J. Falade
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Colony Area

Potency of cell-free culture filtrate of pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici as systemic defense inducer against wilt disease in tomato was tested by treating seedlings with the filtrate before pathogen challenge. Infective conidia and the cell-free culture filtrate were prepared from F. oxysporum (Sensu lato) previously isolated from wilt diseased affected plants. Growth relations of the isolates were characterized under ambient temperature (25 ± 2°C) and viability of the infective conidia of the two isolates were evaluated. Treatments were done as follows: (a) treatment of seedlings with infective conidia only (Treatment-A) (b) culture filtrate treatment only (Treatment-B) (c) treatment with culture filtrate followed by inoculation with infective conidia (Treatment-C) and (d) the control which consisted of plants sprayed with sterile distilled water only (Treatment-D). Effects of fungal conidia on tomato seed germination as well as some agronomic characters of the tomato plants and disease incidence under treatments A, B, C and D were evaluated. The growth and sporulation rates of the F. oxysporum F-isolate-1 were 12.1 mm day-1 and 6.5 x 104 conidia cm-2 colony area respectively and the values for the second isolate, F-Isolate 2 were 6.1 mm day-1 and 5.4 x 104 conidia cm-2 colony area. The germination rates of the infective conidia of F-isolate 1 and F-Isolate 2 after 24 hours incubation period at ambient temperature were 70% and 85% respectively. Treatment of tomato seeds with conidia suspension containing 1.0 x 106 had no statistically significant effects on seed germination [F(2,12)=0.148, P=0.64]; the mean percentage germination of the seeds treated with F-Isolate 1, F-Isolate 2 conidia and the control were 52%,46% and 52% respectively after five days. In the Treatment-A (Infective conidia only), F-Isolate 1 and F-isolate 2 caused 100% and 80% wilt of the plant populations at 7 weeks post-inoculation, when the tomato plants were 9 weeks old and no wilt was recorded in the control. There was no wilt recorded under Treatment-B and Treatment-C also, but there was reduced flowering and the mean percentage number of leaves showing chlorosis were significantly higher than the control [F (4, 192) =6.641, P=0.001]. When the plants were 10 weeks old, withered branches at the lower vegetal strata and the senescent leaves in the control were comparable with that recorded under Treatment-B and Treatment-C (F (4, 159) =3.563, P=0.08].

scholarly journals Application forms and mode of action of biocontroller in the management of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Jean B Frederic ◽  
Cândido A da Costa ◽  
Fernando da S Rocha ◽  
Maria de Fátima G Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

ABSTRACT Mixture of antagonist agents and form of application may influence in the control of root-knot nematodes. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the action of a biological product based on enzyme mixtures, Bacillus sp. and Trichoderma sp., at different concentrations on hatching, motility, mortality and reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato, considering two ways of application of the product. Eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were placed in biological product solutions at concentrations: 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g L-1. The same concentrations were applied to planting pits or to the soil surface. Afterwards, 3,692 eggs of M. incognita were inoculated in tomato crop. A significant reduction in J2 hatching of M. incognita J2 was observed in the highest concentrations and higher mortality of J2 from concentration of 5 g L-1. The interaction between concentrations and form of application of the product significantly influenced the infectivity and reproduction of M. incognita. Greater root system mass was obtained by applying the biological product to the surface, regardless of concentration.

Biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus cereus strain Bc-cm103 against Meloidogyne incognita

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Yin ◽  
JianLong zhao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jian Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are soil-borne pathogens that infect vegetable crops and cause major economic losses worldwide annually. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel nematicides or biological control agents to reduce the damage caused by root-knot nematodes. In this study, we tested efficacy of the Bacillus cereus strain Bc-cm103, isolated from the rhizoplane of Cucumis metuliferus, against Meloidogyne incognita. The strain Bc-cm103 fermentation broth caused 100% mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2s) within 12 h and decreased the egg hatching rate by 40.06% within 72 h compared with sterile water. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that strain Bc-cm103 formed a biofilm on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) roots, which protected the roots from the infection of M. incognita. Additionally, strain Bc-cm103 activated the defense-responsive genes PR1, PR2, LOX1, and CTR1 in cucumber. Furthermore, strain Bc-cm103 significantly reduced the appearance of root galls in pot, split-root and field tests. These results indicated that the B. cereus strain Bc-cm103 had a strong suppressive effect on M. incognita and therefore could be used as a potential biocontrol agent against this pathogen.

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