scholarly journals 187 Foliar Application of Urea to Citrus: Effects of Non-ionic and Organosilicone Adjuvants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 422F-423
Author(s):  
Vladimir Orbovic ◽  
John L. Jifon ◽  
James P. Syvertsen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Urea Uptake ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Adjuvant Effects ◽  
Scanning Electron

Urea solutions, with or without non-ionic (X-77) and organosilicone (L-77) surfactant, were applied to Citrus leaves and isolated cuticles to examine adjuvant effects on urea uptake and leaf net gas exchange. When compared to X-77, L-77 exhibited superior features as a surfactant, resulting in smaller contact angles of droplets deposited on teflon slide. Both L-77 and X-77 had a strong effect on penetration rate of urea within first 20 min of experiment. Effect of L-77 on urea penetration rate decreased quickly within next 20 min, whereas the effect of X-77 was sustained over a 24-h period following application. When compared to solution of urea alone, addition of X-77 to urea resulted in significant increase of the total amount of urea that penetrated the cuticles. The effect of L-77 was smaller, although the total amount of urea that penetrated the cuticles within a 4-day period was similar for both surfactants. Solutions of either urea alone, urea+L-77 and urea+X-77, or L-77 alone, induced a negative effect on net CO2 assimilation (ACO2) for 4 to 24 h after they were sprayed onto leaves. X-77, when applied alone, had no effect on ACO2. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that 1 h after application, leaf surfaces treated with X-77 appeared to be heavily coated, as opposed to those treated with L-77, which appeared similar to untreated control leaves.

Eucalypt phytoglyphs: The micronanatomical features of the epidermis in relation to taxonomy

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
SGM Carr ◽  
L Milkovits ◽  
DJ Carr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The Status ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Scanning Electron

The eucalypt leaf contains a store of untapped information of potentially great value taxonomic and evututionary studies. Tie cuticie of certain eucalypts is shown to possess a complex and species-specific ornamentation so distinctive that its features can be regarded as diagnostic. The term "phytoglyph" is coined for the constellation of microanatomical features of the surfaces of leaves, including the microanatomy of the cuticle. Phytoglyphic analysis relates to the combination of three methods, light microscopy of stained cuticles, scanning electron microscopy of leaf surfaces, and light microscopy of thin sections of the cuticular and associated structures. Its use is illustrated by the dissection of the "form species" E. dichromophloia into a number of separate and recognizable entities, some of which were previously accorded the status of species. The plant geographical and other implications of this dissection are dealt with. In particular, E. dichromophloia F. Muell. is to be regarded as a species of very restricted distribution. The microanatomical characters of the cuticle are closely controlled products of the epidermal layers. The fact that specimens which (on other grounds) can be grouped together as a species have identical cuticular microanatomy suggests that the phytoglyph is genetically strongly determined and does not consist of inadvertent, trivial surface features with a high degree of plasticity. This in turn raises the problem of the development of the cuticular microanatomy which cannot be explained on current views of the formation of the cuticle by passive diffusion of precursor substances through the epidermal walls, followed by a hardening process.

Cyclic alterations in rhesus monkey endometrium by scanning electron microscopy

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bhartiya ◽  
VK Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Menstrual Phase ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present study was undertaken to correlate the surface topography of endometrium with altered concentrations of circulating steroids during different phases of the artificially-induced menstrual cycle. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that oestradiol during the oestrogenic phase induces an increase in the number of ciliated cells and the size of microvilli; by contrast, progesterone, in addition to inducing secretory activity in non-ciliated cells, had a negative effect on oestradiol-dependent morphological characteristics of ciliated cells, causing a reduction in cell number and deciliation, and inducing drooping of cilia during the progestogenic phase of the artificially-induced menstrual cycle. In addition, surface and glandular epithelial cells both actively participate in restoration of the endometrial surface during the menstrual phase, an event which parallels endometrial shedding.

Low-temperature Scanning Electron Microscopy and Physical-Chemical investigations of leaf surface characteristics

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Guggenheim ◽  
E. Zuberbühler ◽  
M. Düggelin ◽  
J. Harr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Wetting Properties ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Temperature Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Plant protection agents (often incorrectly referred to as ‘pesticides’) mostly are targeted at plant surfaces either to protect them against pathogens and parasites or to destroy the treated plants in the case of herbicides. Many times, more than one species of plants are involved, that respond differently to such applications.In any of the cases cited, a thorough knowledge of the leaf surface characteristics may help to explain desired or undesirable effects. Also the wetting properties of a spray applied to plants will likely influence the performance of the active ingredient involved. It is obvious that only the use of a whole array of different methods will allow an interpretation or a prediction of effects caused by the application of plant protection sprays.To get well preserved epicuticular wax structures of leaf surfaces we used low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM). Fresh cut samples were immediatly frozen in liquid nitrogen, transferred into a Balzers SCU 020 cryopreparation unit attached to an SEM Cambridge Mk II A.

scholarly journals Blood Platelet’s Behavior on Nanostructured Superhydrophobic Surface

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Zhou ◽  
Jia Hong Yang ◽  
Xia Ye ◽  
Ao Ran Zheng ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Superhydrophobic Surface ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Blood Compatibility ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Textured Surface ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

Regular arrays of micro-pillars and nano-grooves structures on the silicon wafer are fabricated by using soft lithography, and the three dimension morphology of textured surface is observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The static water contact angles are measured by using contact angle meter to characterize the wettabilities of these surfaces. To investigate how the presence of topography and the variations of wettability affect the haemocompatibility of textured surface contacted with blood, different patterned surfaces are designed and fabricated, and blood platelet adhesion test is carried out on these surfaces. The adhesion and coagulation of platelets are inspected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental data presented in this paper indicate that different surface roughness and wettability are the important factors for blood platelet adhesion. The amount of adsorbed blood platelet is low on textured surfaces, compared with that on the flat surface. Especially, there is no coagulation and activation on the surface with nanometer grooves. That is to say, the superhydrophobic surface is apt to decrease blood platelet adhesion. The study suggests that surface with suitable wettabililty and textured structures exhibits superior blood compatibility.

Effect of Zircon Content on the Microstructure and Physical Properties of Chamotte Refractories

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 604-607
Author(s):  
Ruo Fei Xiang ◽  
Yuan Bing Li ◽  
Shu Jing Li ◽  
Xin Yan Ma ◽  
Ya Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Linear Thermal Expansion ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, chamotte with dispersions of up to 30wt% zircon is sintered at 1500 °C to investigate the effect of zircon content on the microstructure and physical properties of chamotte refractories. The microstructure and physical properties of samples are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), three-point bending and dilatometer. The result shows that the main phases of chamotte with and without sintering at 1500 °C are mullite and cristobalite, the addition of zircon has no impact on the main phase compositions of chamotte matrix. For the sintered samples, zircon grains are wrapped with glass and no obvious bonding are detected between the interface of zircon and mullite grains. Increasing zircon content leads to the increase in bulk density and has a negative effect on the flexural strength, besides, linear thermal expansion ratio decreases as the zircon content increases.

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