scholarly journals 551 Inheritance of Tomato Late Blight Resistance Derived from Lycopersicon hirsutum LA1033 and Identification of Molecular Markers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 490E-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Lough ◽  
R.G. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Lycopersicon Hirsutum ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Or Gene

During the last century Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, which causes the devastating disease late blight of tomato and potato, has been controlled with pesticides. Recently, the difficulty of controlling late blight has increased due to the appearance of new strains of P. infestans that are more virulent and are resistant to metalaxyl. Numerous P. infestans resistance genes exist within the Solanaceae; however, most of these are race-specific and have the potential of being overcome. To achieve durable resistance, it may be necessary to utilize multigenic resistance or gene pyramiding. The Lycopersicon hirsutum Kunth accession LA1033 is highly resistant to P. infestans. To incorporate resistance into a useful background, the L. esculentum Miller inbred line NC215E was used as a recurrent parent in backcrossing with L. hirsutum LA1033. A population of 264 BC3F1 plants derived from 11 BC2F2 families was planted at Fletcher and Waynesville, N.C., in July 1998 in a replicated field trial. BC3F2 seed were collected from a single highly resistant BC3F1 plant. The BC3F2 population was tested for resistance using a detached leaf screen. To verify growth chamber test results, BC3F3 seeds were collected from the BC3F2 individuals and were planted in a field trial at Fletcher in July 1999. The ratio of resistant to susceptible progeny fit the expected ratio for an incompletely dominant trait controlled by two loci. To identify molecular markers linked to the resistance loci, DNA was extracted from the highly resistant and susceptible BC3F2 individuals, and bulks of DNA were constructed. The resistant and susceptible bulks were screened with AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers. Results of the AFLP study indicate marker linkage to resistance.

scholarly journals Identification of Interspecific Potato Hybrids with Combined Resistance to Late Blight (Phytophthora Infestans) and Nematode (Globodera Rostochiensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Zoteyeva ◽  
Guna Sprūde ◽  
Natalia Klimenko ◽  
Ieva Mežaka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Interspecific Potato Hybrids ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AbstractLate blight (agent Phytophthora infestans) and potato cyst nematode (PCN) caused by Globodera rostochiensis are economically important pathogens, which may significantly reduce potato yields. In this study interspecific potato hybrids were used as a source of resistance for combined resistance to economically important potato pathogens: late blight and cyst nematode. The aim of our study was to identify hybrid progenies with combined resistance to both pathogens and to verify the applicability of several molecular markers associated with resistance to G. rostochiensis pathotype Ro1 to identify resistant plants. Ninety-two clones of eleven original interspecific potato hybrids obtained in crosses with the cultivated S. tuberosum group tuberosum, S. tuberosum group Andigena, S. tuberosum group Phureja and wild S. guerreroense, S. microdontum, S. kurtzianum, S. neoantipoviczii and S. tarijense potato species were screened in bioassays and by molecular markers. PCN resistant or moderately resistant clones were found among the progenies of nine hybrids. Results were highly correlated with resistance status detected by molecular markers linked to the H1 (marker 57R) and Gro1-4 (marker Gro1) genes. Marker CP113 (linked to the H1 gene) was not polymorphic and failed to detect resistance status. Combination of foliar late blight resistance and resistance to PCN was identified in hybrids obtained in crosses with plants of species S. microdontum, S. tarijense and S. phureja and in the hybrid between S. guerreroense and Black’s P. infestans race differential carrying gene R-5.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity in Diploid and Tetraploid Late Blight Resistant Potato Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilson A. Bisognin ◽  
David S. Douches
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Potato Germplasm ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Isozyme Loci

An understanding of the genetic relationship within potato germplasm is important to establish a broad genetic base for breeding purposes. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum Hawkes) germplasm that can be used in the development of cultivars with resistance to late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Thirty-three diploid and 27 tetraploid late blight resistant potato clones were evaluated for their genetic diversity based on 11 isozyme loci and nine microsatellites. A total of 35 allozymes and 42 polymorphic microsatellite fragments was scored for presence or absence. The germplasm was clustered based on the matrix of genetic similarities and the unweighted pair group means analysis of the isozyme and microsatellite data, which were used to construct a dendrogram using NTSYS-pc version 1.7. Twenty-three allozymes and DNA fragments were unique to the wild species. The diploid Solanum species S. berthaultii Hawkes and S. microdontum Bitter formed two distinct phenetic groups. Within S. microdontum, three subgroups were observed. The tetraploid germplasm formed another group, with S. sucrense Hawkes in one subgroup and the cultivated potato and Russian hybrids in another subgroup. Based upon the genetic diversity and the level of late blight resistance, S. microdontum and S. sucrense offer the best choice for strong late blight resistance from genetically diverse sources. This potato germplasm with reported late blight resistance should be introgressed into the potato gene pool to broaden the genetic base to achieve stronger and more durable resistance.

scholarly journals Molecular Markers Associated with <i>Ph</i>-3 Gene Conferring Late Blight Resistance in Tomato

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (13) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip R. Panthee ◽  
Randy G. Gardner ◽  
Ragy Ibrahem ◽  
Candice Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of late blight resistance R genes and their coding proteins in some potato genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Amin Mahfouze ◽  
Osama Ezzat El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Sequence Alignments

Late blight (LB) disease can cause potato yield losses in both Egypt and the world. Therefore, the structural analysis of resistance (R) genes responsible for LB resistance will help in understanding their functions. This work aimed to identify the variations between the dominant and recessive alleles of two genes, R3a and R8 at the nucleotide and amino acid levels in five potato genotypes. Two genes of R3a and R8 representing the broad-spectrum LB resistance were amplified by specific primers, which gave one amplicon of 194 and 220 bp of each gene, respectively. Two fragments were sequenced after purification using an ABI 3730xl System DNA Sequencer. The DNA sequence alignments of two genes, R3a and R8, were determined among five selected potato genotypes. The percentage of genetic similarity of the nucleotide sequences of the R3a and R8 genes ranged between (82–83%) and (86–87%), respectively, in comparison to the reference sequences in the nucleotide BLAST. We report on the existence of positional differences in the nucleotide sequences, and base-pair substitutions of two fragments, resulting in amino acid changes between the resistant and susceptible potato genotypes. On the other hand, the highest total number of base-pair substitutions was recorded as 16 in the recessive allele r8 of the varieties Bellini and Cara. However, the lowest number was recorded as four in the dominant allele R3a of the variety Cara. The dendrograms of the five potato genotypes were made up of phylogenetically different clusters, separate from all the other named potato accessions of the two genes. The results of this study will create a solid base for the further understanding of the mechanism of plant-pathogen interactions and supply a theoretical reference for durable resistance to late blight diseases in the potato.

scholarly journals Applications of molecular markers for bacterial blight resistant varieties in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2309-2314
Author(s):  
A. Premkumar ◽  
Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Novel Technologies

Bacterial blight is one of devasting disease in almost all rice growing countries. The most effective, eco-nomic and environmental strategy for control of this disease is to develop rice varieties with genetic resistance. However, new pathotype has overcome single gene for resistance in the new cultivars. So, plant breeders are con-centrating to develop high yielding varieties with durable resistance using novel technologies. Molecular marker technology has progressed tremendously in the past decade for genetic improvement of field crops. Molecular markers can improve efficiency of breeding in different ways for trait in segregating population like identify plants with target gene in maximum recovery portion of recurrent parent. The transfer of two or three genes into single variety with the help of molecular marker is expected to lead to more durable resistance. Thus, thus review describes progress made in the development of bacterial blight resistance rice varieties using Marker Assisted Selection.

scholarly journals Pengujian Ketahanan Klon-klon Hasil Silangan Tanaman Kentang Transgenik dengan Nontransgenik terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans di Lapangan Uji Terbatas

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberta Dinar Ambarwati ◽  
Muhamad Herman ◽  
Edi Lisanto ◽  
Euis Suryaningsih ◽  
Eri Sofiari
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Rb Gene ◽  
Confined Field Trial

STRAK. Tanaman kentang transgenik Katahdin event SP904 dan SP951 mengandung gen RB, yang diisolasi dari spesies liar kentang diploid Solanum bulbocastanum. Gen RB mempunyai ketahanan yang bersifat  durable dengan spektrum yang luas terhadap ras-ras Phytophthora  infestans di Amerika Serikat. Dalam perakitan tanaman kentang tahan penyakit hawar daun P. infestans di Indonesia, transgenik Katahdin dijadikan sebagai donor tahan dalam persilangan dengan varietas rentan Atlantik dan Granola. Klon-klon hasil silangan dianalisis secara molekuler mengandung gen RB. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji ketahanan klon-klon hasil silangan tanaman kentang transgenik dengan nontransgenik terhadap isolat P. infestans di lapangan uji terbatas (LUT) yang berlokasi di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang dari bulan Oktober 2009 sampai dengan Maret 2010. Klon-klon yang diuji ialah 12 klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP904 (A); 15 klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP951 (B); 17 klon hasil silangan Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP904 (C); dan 20 klon hasil silangan Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP951 (D). Atlantik dan Granola digunakan sebagai kontrol rentan, sedangkan transgenik Katahdin sebagai kontrol tahan. Pengamatan dimulai ketika muncul gejala awal, yaitu pada 26, 32, 39, 46, dan 53 hari setelah tanam. Ketahanan tanaman semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya periode pengamatan, diikuti meningkatnya intensitas penyakit dan AUDPC. Semua klon yang diuji menunjukkan keragaman dalam ketahanan fenotipik terhadap hawar daun P. infestans. Klon-klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP951 mempunyai nilai AUDPC 697, yang hampir sama dengan transgenik Katahdin SP904 yaitu 698,5. Klon-klon Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP951 mempunyai nilai AUDPC  687,5 lebih kecil dibandingkan transgenik Katahdin SP904. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa klon-klon tersebut mempunyai ketahanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan transgenik Katahdin SP904. Pada pengamatan 46 hari setelah tanam atau 20 hari setelah infeksi diperoleh tiga klon tahan yaitu B49 (skor 7,5), C111 (skor 7,1), dan D26 (skor 7,3). Ketahanan ini lebih tinggi daripada transgenik Katahdin SP904 (skor 5,1) dan transgenik Katahdin SP951 (skor 6,4). <br /><br />ABSTRACT. Ambarwati, AD, Herman, M, Listanto, E, Suryaningsih, E and Sofiari, E 2012. Resistance Testing on Transgenic and Nontransgenic Potato Clones Against Late Blight Phytophthora  infestans in Confined Field Trial.  Transgenic potato Katahdin event SP904 and  SP951 containing RB gene, which were isolated from a wild diploid potato species, Solanum bulbocastanum. RB gene showed durable resistance with broad spectrum to all known races of  P. infestans in the USA. In development of  potato resistant to late blight P. infestans in Indonesia, Katahdin transgenic were used as a resistant donor and crossed with susceptible varieties i.e. Atlantic and Granola. Clones derived from the crossing were molecularly analyzed and had RB gene contain. Experiment was conducted to assess the resistance of the clones derived from crossing of Katahdin transgenic and nontransgenic to P. infestans in confined field trial (CFT), located at the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang from October 2009 to March 2010. Several clones tested were 12 clones of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP904 (A); 15 clones of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP951 (B); 17 clones of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP904 (C); and 20 clones of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP951 (D). Atlantic and Granola were used as susceptible control whereas Katahdin transgenic as resistant control. Observation was started as late blight symptoms and detected at 26, 32, 39, 46, and 53 days after planting. Plant resistance decreases with increasing period of observation, followed by increasing disease intensity and AUDPC. All clones tested showed variation in phenotypic resistance to late blight P. infestans. Clones derived from crossing of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP951 had AUDPC score 697 and almost similar to Katahdin transgenic SP904 (698.5). Clones derived from crossing of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP951 had AUDPC score 687.5 and smaller than Katahdin transgenic SP904. The results also indicated that these clones had higher resistance than Katahdin transgenic SP904. Observation at 46 days after planting or 20 days after infection resulted three resistant clones i.e. B49 (score 7.5), C111 (score 7.1); and D26 (score 7.3).  This resistance was higher than Katahdin transgenic SP904 (score 5.1) and Katahdin transgenic SP951 (score 6.4). <br />

scholarly journals Molecular markers for late blight resistance breeding of potato: an update

2013 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagesh K. Tiwari ◽  
Sundaresha Siddappa ◽  
Bir Pal Singh ◽  
Surinder K. Kaushik ◽  
Swarup K. Chakrabarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Blight Resistance

scholarly journals A complex resistance locus in Solanum americanum recognizes a conserved Phytophthora effector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Witek ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Hari S Karki ◽  
Florian Jupe ◽  
Agnieszka I Witek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Family Diversity ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Solanum Americanum

AbstractLate blight caused by Phytophthora infestans greatly constrains potato production. Many Resistance (R) genes were cloned from wild Solanum species and/or introduced into potato cultivars by breeding. However, individual R genes have been overcome by P. infestans evolution; durable resistance remains elusive. We positionally cloned a new R gene, Rpi-amr1, from Solanum americanum, that encodes an NRC helper-dependent CC-NLR protein. Rpi-amr1 confers resistance in potato to all 19 P. infestans isolates tested. Using association genomics and long-read RenSeq, we defined eight additional Rpi-amr1 alleles from different S. americanum and related species. Despite only ∼90% identity between Rpi-amr1 proteins, all confer late blight resistance but differentially recognize Avramr1 orthologs and paralogs. We propose that Rpi-amr1 gene family diversity facilitates detection of diverse paralogs and alleles of the recognized effector, enabling broad-spectrum and durable resistance against P. infestans.

Agronomic and breeding value of genes for resistance to leaf scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 955 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Jefferies ◽  
A. R. Barr ◽  
C. Hunt ◽  
R. D. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Variable Nature

Scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) is one of the most damaging leaf and stem diseases of barley grown in southern Australia. The development of resistant cultivars is the most effective means of controlling scald. However, the highly variable nature of the scald pathogen has often resulted in resistance conferred by single major genes being rendered ineffective. Breeding and selection for non-race specific, durable resistance, or the adoption of major gene deployment strategies such as gene pyramiding, could largely overcome this problem. Four cultivars of barley (Guardian, Halcyon, Sultan, Waveney) were evaluated as potential sources of scald resistance, suitable for gene introgression and pyramiding programs in southern Australia. Each of these prospective donor parents was backcrossed to the susceptible recurrent parent Sloop through one cycle of backcrossing. All 4 cultivars were resistant to scald isolates common in southern Australia. No factors, either deleterious or beneficial to grain yield, were associated with scald resistance genes from Guardian, Halcyon, and Waveney. Scald resistance genes carried by Sultan were found to be associated with lower grain yield. Both resistant and susceptible first backcross lines derived from Guardian produced a lower proportion of plump grain than the recurrent parent Sloop. A greater number of backcrosses and large population size may be required to successfully introgress scald resistance genes from Sultan and Guardian into germplasm adapted to southern Australian conditions. The development of molecular markers linked to resistance genes in these parents will allow efficient introgression and pyramiding of scald resistance genes from Waveney, Halcyon, and Sultan.

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