Agronomic and breeding value of genes for resistance to leaf scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) in barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 955 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Jefferies ◽  
A. R. Barr ◽  
C. Hunt ◽  
R. D. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Rhynchosporium Secalis ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Variable Nature

Scald (Rhynchosporium secalis) is one of the most damaging leaf and stem diseases of barley grown in southern Australia. The development of resistant cultivars is the most effective means of controlling scald. However, the highly variable nature of the scald pathogen has often resulted in resistance conferred by single major genes being rendered ineffective. Breeding and selection for non-race specific, durable resistance, or the adoption of major gene deployment strategies such as gene pyramiding, could largely overcome this problem. Four cultivars of barley (Guardian, Halcyon, Sultan, Waveney) were evaluated as potential sources of scald resistance, suitable for gene introgression and pyramiding programs in southern Australia. Each of these prospective donor parents was backcrossed to the susceptible recurrent parent Sloop through one cycle of backcrossing. All 4 cultivars were resistant to scald isolates common in southern Australia. No factors, either deleterious or beneficial to grain yield, were associated with scald resistance genes from Guardian, Halcyon, and Waveney. Scald resistance genes carried by Sultan were found to be associated with lower grain yield. Both resistant and susceptible first backcross lines derived from Guardian produced a lower proportion of plump grain than the recurrent parent Sloop. A greater number of backcrosses and large population size may be required to successfully introgress scald resistance genes from Sultan and Guardian into germplasm adapted to southern Australian conditions. The development of molecular markers linked to resistance genes in these parents will allow efficient introgression and pyramiding of scald resistance genes from Waveney, Halcyon, and Sultan.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Major Genes Conditioning Resistance to Anthracnose in Common Bean

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Kelly ◽  
Veronica A. Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Allelic Series ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Differential Cultivars ◽  
Major Resistance Genes

Resistance to anthracnose in common bean is conditioned primarily by nine major independent genes, Co-1 to Co-10 as the Co-3/Co-9 genes are allelic. With the exception of the recessive co-8 gene, all other nine are dominant genes and multiple alleles exist at the Co-1, Co-3 and Co-4 loci. A reverse of dominance at the Co-1 locus suggests that an order of dominance exists among individual alleles at this locus. The nine resistance genes Co-2 to Co-10 are Middle American in origin and Co-1 is the only locus from the Andean gene pool. Seven resistance loci have been mapped to the integrated bean linkage map and Co-1 resides on linkage group B1; Co-2 on B11, Co-3 on B4; Co-4 on B8; Co-6 on B7; and Co-9 and Co-10 are located on B4 but do not appear to be linked. Three Co-genes map to linkage groups B1, B4 and B11 where clusters with genes for rust resistance are located. In addition, there is co-localization with major resistance genes and QTL that condition partial resistance to anthracnose. Other QTL for resistance may provide putative map locations for the major resistance loci still to be mapped. Molecular markers linked to the majority of major Co-genes have been reported and these provide the opportunity to enhance disease resistance through marker-assisted selection and gene pyramiding. The 10 Co-genes are represented in the anthracnose differential cultivars, but are present as part of a multi-allelic series or in combination with other Co-genes, making the characterization of more complex races difficult. Although the Co-genes behave as major Mendelian factors, they most likely exist as resistance gene clusters as has been demonstrated on the molecular level at the Co-2 locus. Since the genes differ in their effectiveness in controlling the highly variable races of the anthracnose pathogen, the authors discuss the value of individual genes and alleles in resistance breeding and suggest the most effective gene pyramids to ensure long-term durable resistance to anthracnose in common bean.

scholarly journals Durable resistance to Puccinia triticina by accumulation of resistance genes

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Boskovic ◽  
Momcilo Boskovic
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Hybrid Lines

The individual use of single race-specific resistance genes with major phenotypic effects has rarely provided lasting resistance. However, breeding and combining or pyramiding of resistance genes into individual cultivars has had considerable success, particularly in situations in which the pathogen does not reproduce sexually, as in the case of wheat leaf rust pathogen. In European-Mediterranean region perfomed international investigations of wheat leaf rust proved that breeding of new lines of wheat resistant to Puccinia triticina Eriks. for differentiation of pathogen population, as well as for sources of durable resistance is necessary. Breeding of such resistant lines has proved necessary due to the unsatisfatory survey results of these regions on standard isogenic Lr lines. It has become clear that these regions needed new, more efficient differential resistance genes, as well as sources of resistance. In the beginning, after extensive screening tests of several International Rust Nurseries, 18 donors of resistance had been selected as crosses with recurrent parents' varieties Princ and Starke. These hybrid lines had been comparatively tested with twenty six Lr single gene lines using twenty especially virulent cultures of P. triticina in order to check the presence of these known Lr genes in our hybrid lines. Considerable influence of recurrent parent to the number of resistant genes in used donors was demonstrated. On the other hand, considerable influence of the pathogen culture was established to the number of resistance genes in used donors. In order to enhance resistance and pyramiding genes in these hybrids, the most interesting selected eight lines have been crossed with only effective isogenic ones, containing the strong genes Lr9, Lr19 and Lr24. On the basis of different segregation rations of all crossing combinations it was proved that no one of resistant donors contained the applied strong resistant genes. It means that our hybrid lines contained resistant genes from the donors, as well as three strong resistant genes Lr9, Lr19 and Lr24.

scholarly journals Marker-assisted pyramiding of two major broad-spectrum bacterial blight resistance genes,Xa21andXa33into an elite maintainer line of rice, DRR17B

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Balachiranjeevi ◽  
S Bhaskar Naik ◽  
V Abhilash Kumar ◽  
G Harika ◽  
H.K Mahadev Swamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Fertility Restorer ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
High Level

AbstractBacterial blight (BB) disease reduces the yield of rice varieties and hybrids considerably in many tropical rice growing countries like India. The present study highlights the development of durable BB resistance into the background of an elite maintainer of rice, DRR17B, by incorporating two major dominant genes,Xa21andXa33through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Through two sets of backcrosses, the two BB resistance genes were transferred separately to DRR17B. In this process, at each stage of backcrossing, foreground selection was carried out for the target resistance genes and for non-fertility restorer alleles concerning the major fertility restorer genesRf3andRf4, using gene-specific PCR-based markers, while background selection was done using a set of 61 and 64 parental polymorphic SSR markers respectively. Backcross derived lines possessing eitherXa21orXa33along with maximum genome recovery of DRR17B were identified at BC3F1generation and selfed to develop BC3F2s. Plants harboringXa21orXa33in homozygous condition were identified among BC3F2s and were intercrossed with each other to combine both the genes. The intercross F1plants (ICF1) were selfed and the intercross F2(ICF2) plants possessing bothXa21andXa33in homozygous condition were identified with the help of markers. They were then advanced further by selfing until ICF4generation. Selected ICF4lines were evaluated for their resistance against BB with eight virulent isolates and for key agro-morphological traits. Six promising two-gene pyramiding lines of DRR17B with high level of BB resistance and agro-morphological attributes similar or superior to DRR17B with complete maintenance ability have been identified. These lines with elevated level of durable resistance may be handy tool for BB resistance breeding.

scholarly journals Mapping and validation of quantitative trait loci that confer resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease in rice (Oryza sativa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
honggen zhang ◽  
Ruixuan Wang ◽  
Zuopeng Xu ◽  
Jiangning Liu ◽  
Guofang Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Trait Loci

Abstract Background: Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) disease is one of the most destructive viral diseases that threatens rice production in China. Breeding of resistant cultivars through multi-gene pyramiding is considered to be an effective way to control the disease, but few resistance genes have been characterized to date.Results; In the present study, we identified T1012, a BC2F6 line from a cross of the japonica variety ‘Wuyujing3’ (recipient) and the indica variety ‘Dular’ (donor), that had improved resistance to RBSDV disease in a field test, and 140 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross of between T1012 and ‘Wuyujing3’ were developed using marker-assisted selection. Genetic analysis showed that the resistance of T1012 to RBSDV disease was controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Two QTLs for RBSDV disease resistance located on chromosomes 1 and 4, qRBSDV-1 and qRBSDV-4, were identified, and qRBSDV-4 was repeatedly detected in two environments. Compared to ‘Wuyujing3’, the CSSL containing only the substitution segment covering qRBSDV-4 exhibited significantly decreased disease incidence, indicating that qRBSDV-4 is a reliable resistance QTL with a high breeding value. Furthermore, two linked QTLs, qRBSDV-4-1 and qRBSDV-4-2, were identified within the interval containing qRBSDV-4.Conclusions: The QTLs identified here will provide a useful resource for breeding RBSDV-resistant rice cultivars through marker-assisted selection and establish a foundation for the cloning of RBSDV disease resistance genes.

scholarly journals 551 Inheritance of Tomato Late Blight Resistance Derived from Lycopersicon hirsutum LA1033 and Identification of Molecular Markers

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 490E-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Lough ◽  
R.G. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Lycopersicon Hirsutum ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Or Gene

During the last century Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, which causes the devastating disease late blight of tomato and potato, has been controlled with pesticides. Recently, the difficulty of controlling late blight has increased due to the appearance of new strains of P. infestans that are more virulent and are resistant to metalaxyl. Numerous P. infestans resistance genes exist within the Solanaceae; however, most of these are race-specific and have the potential of being overcome. To achieve durable resistance, it may be necessary to utilize multigenic resistance or gene pyramiding. The Lycopersicon hirsutum Kunth accession LA1033 is highly resistant to P. infestans. To incorporate resistance into a useful background, the L. esculentum Miller inbred line NC215E was used as a recurrent parent in backcrossing with L. hirsutum LA1033. A population of 264 BC3F1 plants derived from 11 BC2F2 families was planted at Fletcher and Waynesville, N.C., in July 1998 in a replicated field trial. BC3F2 seed were collected from a single highly resistant BC3F1 plant. The BC3F2 population was tested for resistance using a detached leaf screen. To verify growth chamber test results, BC3F3 seeds were collected from the BC3F2 individuals and were planted in a field trial at Fletcher in July 1999. The ratio of resistant to susceptible progeny fit the expected ratio for an incompletely dominant trait controlled by two loci. To identify molecular markers linked to the resistance loci, DNA was extracted from the highly resistant and susceptible BC3F2 individuals, and bulks of DNA were constructed. The resistant and susceptible bulks were screened with AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers. Results of the AFLP study indicate marker linkage to resistance.

scholarly journals Gene Pyramiding for Achieving Enhanced Resistance to Bacterial Blight, Blast, and Sheath Blight Diseases in Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jegadeesan Ramalingam ◽  
Chandavarapu Raveendra ◽  
Palanisamy Savitha ◽  
Venugopal Vidya ◽  
Thammannagowda Lingapatna Chaithra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Potential Donor ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Combine Blast ◽  
High Degree

Bacterial blight, blast, and sheath blight are the commonest diseases causing substantial yield loss in rice around the world. Stacking of broad-spectrum resistance genes/QTLs into popular cultivars is becoming a major objective of any disease resistance breeding program. The varieties ASD 16 and ADT 43 are the two popular, high yielding, and widely grown rice cultivars of South India, which are susceptible to bacterial blight (BB), blast, and sheath blight diseases. The present study was carried out to improve the cultivars (ASD 16 and ADT 43) through introgression of bacterial blight (xa5, xa13, and Xa21), blast (Pi54), and sheath blight (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) resistance genes/QTLs by MABB (marker-assisted backcross breeding). IRBB60 (xa5, xa13, and Xa21) and Tetep (Pi54; qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) were used as donors to introgress BB, blast, and sheath blight resistance into the recurrent parents (ASD 16 and ADT 43). Homozygous (BC3F3 generation), three-gene bacterial blight pyramided (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21) lines were developed, and these lines were crossed with Tetep to combine blast (Pi54) and sheath blight (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) resistance. In BC3F3 generation, the improved pyramided lines carrying a total of seven genes/QTLs (xa5 + xa13 + Xa21 + Pi54 + qSBR7-1 + qSBR11-1 + qSBR11-2) were selected through molecular and phenotypic assay, and these were evaluated for resistance against bacterial blight, blast, and sheath blight pathogens under greenhouse conditions. We have selected nine lines in ASD 16 background and 15 lines in ADT 43 background, exhibiting a high degree of resistance to BB, blast, and sheath blight diseases and also possessing phenotypes of recurrent parents. The improved pyramided lines are expected to be used as improved varieties or used as a potential donor in breeding programs. The present study successfully introgressed Pi54, and qSBR QTLs (qSBR7-1, qSBR11-1, and qSBR11-2) from Tetep and major effective BB-resistant genes (xa5, xa13, and Xa21) from IRBB60 into the commercial varieties for durable resistance to multiple diseases.

scholarly journals Marker-Assisted Gene Pyramiding and the Reliability of Using SNP Markers Located in the Recombination Suppressed Regions of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Lili Qi ◽  
Guojia Ma
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Marker Selection ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Rust caused by the fungus Puccinia helianthi and downy mildew (DM) caused by the obligate pathogen Plasmopara halstedii are two of the most globally important sunflower diseases. Resistance to rust and DM is controlled by race-specific single dominant genes. The present study aimed at pyramiding rust resistance genes combined with a DM resistance gene, using molecular markers. Four rust resistant lines, HA-R3 (carrying the R4 gene), HA-R2 (R5), HA-R8 (R15), and RHA 397 (R13b), were each crossed with a common line, RHA 464, carrying a rust gene R12 and a DM gene PlArg. An additional cross was made between HA-R8 and RHA 397. Co-dominant simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to the target genes were used to discriminate between homozygotes and heterozygotes in F2 populations. Five pyramids with different combinations of rust resistance genes were selected in the homozygous condition through marker-assisted selection, and three of them were combined with a DM resistance gene PlArg: R4/R12/PlArg, R5/R12/PlArg, R13b/R12/PlArg, R15/R12, and R13b/R15. The pyramiding lines with the stacking of two rust and one DM genes were resistant to all known races of North American sunflower rust and all known races of the pathogen causing DM, potentially providing multiple and durable resistance to both rust and DM. A cluster of 12 SNP markers spanning a region of 34.5 Mb on chromosome 1, which co-segregate with PlArg, were tested in four populations. Use of those markers, located in a recombination suppressed region in marker selection, is discussed.

scholarly journals Pyramiding Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in Tainung82 for Broad-Spectrum Resistance Using Marker-Assisted Selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chia Hsu ◽  
Chih-Hao Chiu ◽  
Ruishen Yap ◽  
Yu-Chien Tseng ◽  
Yong-Pei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Bacterial Blight Resistance ◽  
Resistant Genes

Tainung82 (TNG82) is one of the most popular japonica varieties in Taiwan due to its relatively high yield and grain quality, however, TNG82 is susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) disease. The most economical and eco-friendly way to control BB disease in japonica is through the utilization of varieties that are resistant to the disease. In order to improve TNG82’s resistance to BB disease, five bacterial blight resistance genes (Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21) were derived from a donor parent, IRBB66 and transferred into TNG82 via marker-assisted backcrossing breeding. Five BB-resistant gene-linked markers were integrated into the backcross breeding program in order to identify individuals possessing the five identified BB-resistant genes (Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21). The polymorphic markers between the donor and recurrent parent were used for background selection. Plants having maximum contribution from the recurrent parent genome were selected in each generation and crossed with the recipient parent. Selected BC3F1 plants were selfed in order to generate homozygous BC3F2 plants. Nine pyramided plants, possessing all five BB-resistant genes, were obtained. These individuals displayed a high level of resistance against the BB strain, XF89-b. Different BB gene pyramiding lines were also inoculated against the BB pathogen, resulting in more than three gene pyramided lines that exhibited high levels of resistance. The five identified BB gene pyramided lines exhibited yield levels and other desirable agronomic traits, including grain quality and palatability, consistent with TNG82. Bacterial blight-resistant lines possessing the five identified BB genes exhibited not only higher levels of resistance to the disease, but also greater yield levels and grain quality. Pyramiding multiple genes with potential characteristics into a single genotype through marker-assisted selection can improve the efficiency of generating new crop varieties exhibiting disease resistance, as well as other desirable traits.

Marker-assisted development and evaluation of monogenic lines of rice cv. Kaohsiung 145 carrying blast resistance genes

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chia Chen ◽  
Chih-Chieh Hu ◽  
Fang-Yu Chang ◽  
Chieh-Yi Chen ◽  
Wei-Lun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Blast Resistance Genes

Rice blast is a serious threat to global rice production. Large-scale and long-term cultivation of rice varieties with a single blast resistance gene usually leads to breakdown of resistance. To effectively control rice blast in Taiwan, marker-assisted backcrossing was conducted to develop monogenic lines carrying different blast resistance genes in the genetic background of an elite japonica rice cultivar, ‘Kaohsiung 145’ (KH145). Eleven International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)-bred blast-resistant lines (IRBLs) showing broad-spectrum resistance to local Pyricularia oryzae isolates were used as resistance donors. Sequencing analysis revealed that the recurrent parent, KH145, does not carry known resistance alleles at the target Pi2/9, Pik, Pita, and Ptr loci. For each IRBL x KH145 cross, we screened 21–370 (average of 108) plants per generation from the BC1F1 to BC3F1/BC4F1 generation. A total of 1499 BC3F2/BC4F2 lines carrying homozygous resistance alleles were selected and self-crossed for 4–6 successive generations. The derived lines were also evaluated for background genotype using genotyping by sequencing, for blast resistance under artificial inoculation and natural infection conditions, and for agronomic performance in multiple field trials. In Chiayi and Taitung blast nurseries in 2018–2020, Pi2, Pi9, and Ptr conferred high resistance, Pi20 and Pik-h moderate resistance, and Pi1, Pi7, Pik-p, and Pik susceptibility to leaf blast; only Pi2, Pi9, and Ptr conferred effective resistance against panicle blast. The monogenic lines showed similar agronomic traits, yield, and grain quality as KH145, suggesting the potential of growing a mixture of lines to achieve durable resistance in the field.

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