scholarly journals Efficacy of Heat-based Treatments in Eliminating the Recovery of the Sudden Oak Death Pathogen (Phytophthora ramorum) from Infected California Bay Laurel Leaves

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1677-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Y. Harnik ◽  
Monica Mejia-Chang ◽  
James Lewis ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Sudden Oak Death ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Umbellularia Californica ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Prolonged Heat

Phytophthora ramorum (Oomycota) (Werres et al., 2001) is the plant pathogen responsible for the lethal disease of several oak species in California known as sudden oak death. The pathogen also causes a foliar disease on Umbellularia californica (bay laurel or simply bay). Bay leaves have been identified as the major source of natural inoculum in California coastal woodlands. Because of the epidemiological relevance of bay leaves, their movement needs to be regulated. Our study shows that P. ramorum is highly heat tolerant and can be reisolated from artificially inoculated bay laurel leaves placed at 55 °C for up to 1 week. The pathogen cannot be recovered after 2 weeks at 55 °C. Prolonged heat treatments, however, are impractical for bay leaves intended to be sold commercially as a spice, since they negatively impact the quality of the leaves. Here we describe a treatment involving a progressive and gradual heating process combined with the application of moderate vacuum. This method can be completed in 22 hours and is shown here to eliminate the recovery of P. ramorum without having a negative impact on the quality of the bay leaves.

scholarly journals Sudden Oak Death Taking a Toll on U.S. West Coast

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Wheeling
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Sudden Oak Death ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
The West

Researchers have been modeling effects of the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum on coastal forests in California and Oregon since it arrived on the West Coast 3 decades ago.

scholarly journals Host Phenology and Leaf Effects on Susceptibility of California Bay Laurel to Phytophthora ramorum

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Johnston ◽  
Michael F. Cohen ◽  
Tamas Torok ◽  
Ross K. Meentemeyer ◽  
Nathan E. Rank
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Age ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Sudden Oak Death ◽  
Forest Disease ◽  
Umbellularia Californica ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Multiple Trees ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plant Susceptibility

Spread of the plant pathogen Phytophthora ramorum, causal agent of the forest disease sudden oak death, is driven by a few competent hosts that support spore production from foliar lesions. The relationship between traits of a principal foliar host, California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), and susceptibility to P. ramorum infection were investigated with multiple P. ramorum isolates and leaves collected from multiple trees in leaf-droplet assays. We examined whether susceptibility varies with season, leaf age, or inoculum position. Bay laurel susceptibility was highest during spring and summer and lowest in winter. Older leaves (>1 year) were more susceptible than younger ones (8 to 11 months). Susceptibility was greater at leaf tips and edges than the middle of the leaf. Leaf surfaces wiped with 70% ethanol were more susceptible to P. ramorum infection than untreated leaf surfaces. Our results indicate that seasonal changes in susceptibility of U. californica significantly influence P. ramorum infection levels. Thus, in addition to environmental variables such as temperature and moisture, variability in host plant susceptibility contributes to disease establishment of P. ramorum.

scholarly journals Phytophthora ramorum Does Not Cause Physiologically Significant Systemic Injury to California Bay Laurel, Its Primary Reservoir Host

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1307-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. DiLeo ◽  
R. M. Bostock ◽  
D. M. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Sudden Oak Death ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Umbellularia Californica ◽  
Physiological Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Injury

California bay laurel trees (Umbellularia californica) play a crucial role in the reproduction and survival of Phytophthora ramorum in coastal California forests by supporting sporulation during the rainy season and by providing a means for the pathogen to survive the dry, Mediterranean summer. While bay laurel is thus critical to the epidemiology of sudden oak death and other P. ramorum diseases in California, the relatively minor symptoms observed on this reservoir host suggest that it may not sustain ecologically significant injury itself. The long-term role that P. ramorum will play in California forests will depend in part on the extent to which this pathogen decreases the ecological fitness of bay laurel. Despite the importance of this question, no study has yet investigated in detail the physiological impact that ramorum blight imposes on bay laurel. This experimental study quantifies the impact that P. ramorum has on artificially inoculated bay laurel seedlings with measurements that integrate the full injury that infection with an oomycete may cause: photosynthetic efficiency, total photosynthetic area, and growth. Leaf area and leaf mass were not impacted significantly by infection of P. ramorum. Photosynthetic efficiency was mildly depressed in symptomatic, but not asymptomatic leaves, despite unnaturally high levels of necrosis that were imposed on the seedlings. These results demonstrate that bay laurel trees suffer only minor injury from ramorum blight beyond visible necrotic symptoms. Consequently, it is highly likely that bay laurel will continue to be widely available as a host for P. ramorum in California forests, which has long-term implications for the composition of these forests.

Green Beans Cultivation Using Mice Pets Control to Improve the Quality of Bintaro Fruit Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ajeng Embri Legawati ◽  
Nur Azizah ◽  
Achmad Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Environmental Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Green beans cultivation technology using mice pets control has been implemented in the Gluranploso village, Benjeng Gresik. The implementation of the technology performed for 2.5 months from August to October 2017. The purpose of the implementation is aimed to reduce the dependence of farmers on the use of chemical pesticides so that the farmers are aware of the negative impact of chemical pesticides. Assessing the impact of the utilization of Bintaro fruit and fruit extracts to explore ways of making Bintaro as a natural biopesticide to overcome rat attack on green bean plants in the Gluranploso village. Pest control mice can reduce the rate of loss of the crops more effectively and efficiently. Finally, with the use of those natural resources as a biopesticide material can also maintain the environmental balance

CHRONOBIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STATUS IN WOMEN WITH CHRONIC RECURRENT BACTERIAL CYSTITIS AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM DISORDER

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Мария Николаевна Химичева ◽  
Андрей Владимирович Кузьменко ◽  
Владимир Васильевич Кузьменко ◽  
Тимур Асланбекович Гяургиев
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Course Of Disease ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Tract Infections

Инфекции мочевых путей - наиболее распространённая группа заболеваний в практике врача уролога. Один из представителей является хронический рецидивирующий бактериальный цистит. Данное заболевание встречается во всех возрастных категориях и затрагивает все сферы жизни пациентов. Симптомы, возникающие при обострении хронического бактериального цистита, оказывают негативное влияние на качество жизни, что может приводить к нарушению психоэмоционального состояния больных. Отдельную группу высокого риска в отношении ИНМП составляют пациенты с нарушением углеводного обмена, у которых риск развития различных инфекций выше, чем у людей без подобных нарушений. К факторам, повышающим риск развития ИНМП у больных с нарушением углеводного обмена, относят возраст, компенсацию и наличие хронических осложнений, в первую очередь нефропатии и цистопатии. Человеческий организм функционирует циклически в соответствии с определенными индивидуальными ритмами. Любое хроническое заболевание приводит к рассогласованию процессов, протекающих в различных системах организма, вызывая развитие десинхроноза. Наличие у человека более 1 хронического заболевания утяжеляет течение болезни и приводит к снижению восстановительных способностей организма и сокращению его адаптационного потенциала Urinary tract Infections are the most common group of diseases in the practice of a urologist. One of the representatives is chronic recurrent bacterial cystitis. This disease occurs in all age categories and affects all areas of life of patients. Symptoms that occur with the exacerbation of chronic bacterial cystitis have a negative impact on the quality of life, which can lead to a violation of the psychoemotional state of patients. A separate high-risk group for INMP is patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, who have a higher risk of developing various infections than people without such disorders. Factors that increase the risk of developing INMP in patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism include age, compensation, and the presence of chronic complications, primarily nephropathy and cystopathy. The human body functions cyclically in accordance with certain individual rhythms. Any chronic disease leads to misalignment of the processes occurring in various body systems, causing the development of DS, the Presence of more than 1 chronic disease complicates the course of disease and leads to a decrease in regenerative abilities of the organism and reduce its adaptive capacity

Modern challenges of border areas development in the context of decentralization reform

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Prytula ◽  
Yaroslava Kalat ◽  
Iryna Kyryk
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Decentralization Reform

An integral part of the implementation of any reform is the emergence of the risks of its negative impact on one or another area of region development. The decentralization reform in Ukraine is not an exception. In its the context the most probable occurrence of negative phenomena is in the border regions, which could be prevented by first detecting them. In the scientific article, the authors focus on the analysis of a number of challenges for the development of border regions in the context of decentralization reform. Given the territorial remoteness of the central regions of the country and the capital, which today serve as areas of concentration of investment and economic activity, the border regions traditionally (this is typical for the border areas of the EU member states) lag behind the rest of the regions by the main socio-economic indicators of development. Among the main challenges facing the border regions of Ukraine today are the following: the provision of competitiveness in the context of European integration processes and reduction of the border barrier function; low level of economic security; the outflow of human capital and the issue of ethnic minorities. Based on an expert survey of representatives of the fifteen united territorial communities (UTCs), the possibility of such risks of decentralization in the border regions were defined as following: groundless use of local budget funds; emergence of significant imbalances between delegated new authority and available financial resources of the community; increasing uneven development of territories within the community; increasing uneven development of communities within the country; deterioration of the availability and quality of providing educational and medical services; deterioration of the quality of local government; reducing of the state influence on the management of local development processes; radicalization of political unions representing the interests of ethnic minorities in places of their compact residence; further economic decline of the territory of communities and so on.

Perianal Hyperhidrosis Successfully Treated with Botulinum Toxin A

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Leandra Reguero del Cura ◽  
Marta Drake Monfort ◽  
Adrian De Quintana Sancho ◽  
Marcos Antonio González López
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Botulinum Toxin A ◽  
Psychosocial Burden ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Good Safety Profile ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections

Perianal hyperhidrosis (HH) is a rare form of primary focal HH and may become a major problem for the patient with a significant psychosocial burden and negative impact on the quality of life. Botulinum toxin injections are widely used as a second-line treatment option for axillary, palmar, and plantar HH with a good safety profile. Herein, we pre­sent a case of primary perianal HH successfully treated with Botulinum toxin A at a dose higher than that previously reported in literature, with a longer response, a higher degree of satisfaction, and no adverse effects. Moreover, we review the main aspects of the perianal anatomy that are essential to carry out the technique correctly and make dermatologists achieve expertise with the procedure.

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