scholarly journals Pinch Height of Stock Plants during Scaffold Development Affects Cutting Production

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 650-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Faust ◽  
Larry W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Bright Pink ◽  
Cutting Production

Stock plants of six herbaceous species (Antirrhinum ×hybrida `Primrose with Vein' L., Chrysocephalum apiculatum `Golden Buttons', Diascia ×hybrida `Sunchimes Coral' Link & Otto, Lavendula dentata `Serenity' L., Osteospermum ×hybrida `Zulu' L., and Verbena ×hybrida `Lanai Bright Pink' L.) received nine different pinch treatments. Stock plants received a first pinch treatment at one of three pinch heights [low (L1), middle (M1), and high (H1)] followed by a second pinch at one of three pinch heights [low (L2), middle (M2), and high (H2)] in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. After the two pinches, cuttings were removed weekly from the stock plants. Cutting yield per stock plant increased as pinch height increased from L to H for both the first and second pinch for all species. A low first pinch followed by a low second pinch (L1L2) produced stock plants with the lowest cutting yield, while a high first pinch followed by a high second pinch (H1H2) produced the stock plants with the highest cutting yield for all species, e.g., the percentage increase in cutting yield was 133% for Antirrhinum, 98% for Chrysocephalum, 144% for Diascia, 80% for Lavendula, 250% for Osteospermum, and 44% for Verbena. This study suggests that pinch height during scaffold development of the stock plant is an important tool for increasing cutting production.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulator Impacts on Vegetative Cutting Production of Moroccan Pincushion (Pterocephalus depressus) Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Sean J. Markovic ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Cutting Production

Abstract Moroccan pincushion (Pterocephalus depressus) is a drought-tolerant perennial that is being used in landscapes throughout arid areas of the western United States. This paper describes two experiments researching vegetative cutting production from stock plants. Moroccan pincushion stock plants received foliar applications of gibberellic acid (GA3), benzyladenine, ethephon, or auxin [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)] plant growth regulators (PGR). Plant growth regulators were applied singularly and in combination with GA3 to determine efficacy on stock plant growth. A propagation study was conducted simultaneously to determine effects of these different PGR treatments applied to stock plants on the rooting of moroccan pincushion cuttings. The stock plant study showed GA3 + benzyladenine application increased cutting production over other PGR treatments. Fresh weight of moroccan pincushion cuttings did not differ among treatments. While cuttings did not differ in dry weight in experiment 1, statistical differences were observed in experiment 2. However, these differences in dry weight did not affect the quality of the cuttings. Cuttings from stock plants treated with GA3 + IBA treatment had the highest numerical growth index [(height + width + width)/3]. Cuttings from stock plants treated with GA3 alone or in combination with another PGR were all greater in average growth index and statistically differed from those without GA3 being applied. PGR treatments did not affect rooting percentages of the cuttings with nontreated stock plant cuttings successfully rooting at an average rate of 95%. However, GA3 + IBA was the only treatment where cuttings had 100% rooting for both experiments, indicating potential rooting benefits. Index words: Plant growth regulator, propagation, Pterocephalus depressus, vegetative cuttings. Species used in this study: Moroccan pincushion [Pterocephalus depressus Archibald]. Chemicals used in this study: gibberellic acid (GA3), benzyladenine, ethephon, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals Fertility Rate of Seacoast Marshelder Stock Plants Influences Cutting Production and Rooting Characteristics of Stem Cuttings

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-378
Author(s):  
Josiah Raymer ◽  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Debbie L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Cutting Production

Seacoast marshelder (Iva imbricata) is an important coastal species contributing to building of foredunes along the Gulf of Mexico coastal regions. Hurricane activity disrupts natural regeneration, and the need for successful nursery production of sufficient plants for restoration warrants development of efficient propagation and production practices for restoration efforts. The objectives of these experiments were to investigate the effects of stock plant fertility on cutting production of seacoast marshelder and to evaluate the rooting qualities of cuttings harvested from hedged stock. Stock plants were established in 1-gal containers using a pine bark substrate amended with 6 lb/yard3 dolomitic limestone. Plants were fertilized with 15N–3.9P–10K controlled-release fertilizer (Osmocote Plus, 8- to 9-month formulation at 21 °C) applied as a top dressing at the recommended full label rate of 11 g per pot and 5.5, 15, and 21 g per pot (12 pots each) using a completely randomized design. Cuttings were collected and stock plants hedged on a regular interval [Expt. 1 (May to August) and Expt. 2 (August to November)]. Hedging of stock plants reduced height to 20 cm after each successive harvest of cuttings, but stock plant growth index increased with each successive harvest. Stock plant growth and cutting production increased as fertility rate increased, but responses were not consistent across harvest times. This trend was also true for rooting percentage and measures of root quality. Seacoast marshelder stock plant size increased as fertility increased to 15 g but not at 21 g. Inconsistencies in rooting responses across the production period were evident and were attributed to seasonal growth effects. An inverse relationship between rooting percentage and fertility rate was evident from May through July suggesting high levels of fertility should be avoided because rooting percentage, root number, and root length were reduced as fertility rate increased during that time. Conversely, higher fertilizer rates had a neutral to positive effect on rooting of seacoast marshelder during the months of August through November.

scholarly journals Cutting Production Is Affected by Pinch Number during Scaffold Development of Stock Plants

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1691-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Faust ◽  
Larry W. Grimes
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Annual Species ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Bright Pink ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cutting Production ◽  
Final Cutting

Stock plants of four vegetatively propagated annual species (Argyranthemum frutescens `Comet Pink', Nemesia fruticans `Plum Sachet' Venten., Osteospermum fruticosum `Zulu' L., and Verbena ×hybrida `Lanai Bright Pink' L.) were grown with one (P), two (PP), or three (PPP) pinches during the scaffold development phase. The number of pinches applied to all four species affected the yield and distribution of cuttings produced over time. P began to produce cuttings first; however, the rate (number of cuttings per week) of cutting production was relatively low resulting in the fewest total cuttings produced by the end of the experiment. Cutting harvest from PPP started 3 to 6 weeks after cuttings were initially harvested from P. However, the rate of increase in cutting production was greater in PPP than P for all species, except Osteospermum, so the total cutting yield of PPP equaled P after 3 to 5 weeks of cutting production. The final cutting yield for PPP was 38%, 38%, 20%, and 8% higher than P for Argyranthemum, Nemesia, Osteospermum, and Verbena, respectively. PP produced 24%, 17%, and 21% more total cuttings than P for Argyranthemum, Nemesia, and Osteospermum, respectively, while Verbena displayed no significant difference. At the termination of the experiment, the weekly rate of cutting production increased 66.3%, 84.0%, and 30.5% as pinch number increased from P to PPP for Argyranthemum, Nemesia, and Verbena, respectively. This study demonstrates that the number of pinches performed on stock plants during scaffold development can have a significant impact on the timing, the weekly production rate, and cumulative yield of cuttings harvested.

scholarly journals Influence of Stock Plant Photoperiod on Cutting Production and Rooting

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 597c-597
Author(s):  
Paul Koreman ◽  
Art Cameron ◽  
Royal Heins ◽  
William Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Cold Treatment ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Phlox Paniculata ◽  
Cutting Production ◽  
Total Fresh Weight

Five vegetatively propagated perennial species that received 0 or 15 weeks of cold treatment were placed under seven photoperiods (10-, 12-, 13-, 14-, 16-, 24-, and 4-hour night interruption). Cuttings were harvested every 3 weeks, and their number and total fresh weight were recorded. Cutting bases were dipped in a 1200 ppm IBA solution for 5 seconds, stuck in perlite, and placed under mist for 3 weeks. Results varied by species. Stock plants of Achillea `Moonshine' produced the most cuttings under a 12-hour photoperiod. Noncold treated Coreopsis verticillata `Moonbeam' only produced cuttings under photoperiods longer than or equal to 14 hours. Cold treated `Moonbeam' produced cuttings under all photoperiods in the first flush. Eighty percent of cuttings from the first flush of Phlox paniculata `Eva Cullum' rooted when taken from plants growing under the 10-hour photoperiod, but only 1.2 cuttings per plant were harvested; 2.5 cuttings per plant were taken from Phlox grown under the 24-h photoperiod, but only 20% rooted. Only stock plants of Sedum `Autumn Joy' receiving a 14-hour photoperiod produced significant numbers of vegetative shoots. Cutting production and rooting of Veronica `Sunny Border Blue' was not affected by photoperiod.

scholarly journals (229) Fertility Affects Cutting Production and Quality of Rooted Cuttings of Iva imbricata

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025B-1025
Author(s):  
Josiah Raymer ◽  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Debbie Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
Cutting Production

Seacost Marshelder (Iva imbricata Walter [Asteraceae]), a dominant Atlantic and Gulf region seashore plant, is a broad-leaved plant with a potential for building and stabilizing foredunes in the South Atlantic coast of the United States, and is recognized as an important food for beach mice. Two experiments were conducted where nursery liners were potted as stock plants and produced at four rates of fertility using Osmocote Plus (15N:9P2O5: 12K2O; 8–9 m formulation) applied as a top dress at 5.5, 11.0, 15.0, and 21.0 g/3.7-L container. The experiment was arranged as a CRD with 12 single-plant replicates of each fertility rate. Stock plant growth, cutting production, and subsequent rooting characteristics (percent rooting, root number, length) were evaluated for cuttings harvested at each of four harvests (30-day interval). Stock plant height increased as fertility rate increased for all harvests. After the first harvest, plant height did not differ among fertility rates above 5.5 g. Growth indices demonstrated that a 21.0-g application of fertilizer was necessary to increase stock plant size. The number of cuttings produced per stock plant increased linearly with increasing rate of fertility for all harvests. Cutting weight of individual cuttings increased linearly with an increase in fertilizer rate for harvests one and two, but cutting weight did not differ thereafter. The rooting response differed depending on the time of harvest. Percent rooting decreased with an increase in fertility rate for harvests two and three. Increased fertility rate did result in a decrease in root number for harvest one, but no further decrease was evident thereafter. Root length did not differ among harvest dates or fertility rates.

scholarly journals Effect of Stock Plant Photoperiod and Temperature on Cutting Production and Rooting of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 501E-501
Author(s):  
Paul Koreman ◽  
Art Cameron ◽  
Royal Heins ◽  
William Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Stock Plant ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Phlox Paniculata ◽  
Short Days ◽  
Cutting Production

Previous research has shown that the photoperiod under which stock plants are grown has a significant effect on cutting production and rooting of several species of herbaceous perennials. Long-day (LD) treatment of stock plants promoted cutting production of certain LD perennials but reduced rooting. Cuttings from plants grown under short days rooted readily but few were produced. Stock plants were exposed to alternating photoperiods to determine if this treatment would yield many cuttings with high rooting potential. Coreopsis verticillata `Moonbeam' and Phlox paniculata `Eva Cullum' stock plants were given 4 weeks of 4-h night interruption (NI), while Sedum `Autumn Joy' stock plants were grown under 14-h days. After 4 weeks plants were given 0, 2, or 4 weeks of 10-h days. Cuttings were harvested and propagated under mist and three different photoperiods (10-h, 14-h, NI) for 4 weeks, after which rooting percentage and the number and length of roots produced by each cutting were measured. The results will be presented.

scholarly journals Effects of Growth Substrate and Container Size on Cutting Production from Mojave Sage Stock Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
Sean J. Markovic ◽  
Shana G. Brown ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Plant Experiment ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Woody Growth ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings ◽  
Cutting Production ◽  
All Treatment

Stock plant productivity is an important concern for growers of mojave sage (Salvia pachyphylla) because this species produces more woody growth as the plant ages. The objective of the study was to determine the best growth substrate and container size combination to maximize stock plant productivity. A secondary objective was to determine whether the stock plant treatments influenced the rooting of vegetative cuttings. Three different container sizes (3, 12, and 15.5 qt) and four soilless substrates composed primarily of bark, peat, and perlite (substrate 1); bark, peat, and vermiculite (substrate 2); bark, peat, and coarse perlite (substrate 3); and peat (substrate 4) were used. The stock plant experiment was conducted using 12 treatment combinations, and a subset of those stock plants was selected randomly for the rooting study that immediately followed the stock plant experiment. Stock plants responded to substrate treatments differently. The most successful stock plants, which produced more cuttings per plant and per square foot, as well as larger cuttings, were those grown in substrate 3. Regardless of substrate, the highest number of cuttings per square foot was obtained from stock plants grown in 3-qt containers, indicating that the smaller containers allow for the most efficient use of space when growing mojave sage stock plants for 4 to 6 months. The rooting of vegetative cuttings was successful (88% to 100% of cuttings rooted after 4 weeks under mist) for all treatment combinations.

scholarly journals Impacts of Growth Substrate and Container Size on Cutting Production from ‘Snow Angel’ Coral Bells Stock Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
Shana G. Brown ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Productivity ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Plant Experiment ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Vegetative Cuttings ◽  
Cutting Production ◽  
All Treatment

Stock plant productivity is an important concern for growers of ‘Snow Angel’ coral bells (Heuchera sanguinea) because this variety produces a limited number of basal cuttings. The objective of the study was to determine the best growth substrate and container size combination to maximize productivity of stock plants. A secondary objective was to determine if the stock plant treatments influenced the rooting of vegetative cuttings. The study used three different container sizes (2.8, 11.4, and 14.6 L) and four commercial soilless substrates that were primarily composed of the following: bark, peat, and perlite (substrate 1); bark, peat, and vermiculite (substrate 2); bark, peat, and coarse perlite (substrate 3); and peat (substrate 4). Two stock plant experiments were conducted using the same 12 treatment combinations, and a subset of those stock plants was randomly selected for the rooting studies that immediately followed each stock plant experiment. Stock plants responded to substrate treatments differently depending on the batch of substrate in which they were grown. The most successful stock plants, which produced more cuttings per plant and per square foot, as well as larger cuttings, were those grown in substrate 3 (Expt. 1) and substrate 2 (Expt. 2). Regardless of the substrate, the highest number of cuttings per square foot was obtained from stock plants grown in 2.8-L containers, indicating that the smaller containers allow for the most efficient use of space when growing ‘Snow Angel’ stock plants for 6 to 8 months. The rooting of vegetative cuttings was successful (98% to 100% of cuttings rooted after 4 weeks under mist) for all treatment combinations, although higher numbers of visible roots were produced during the second study and may be due to larger fresh weights of cuttings.

ANALISA PERBANDINGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DAN RASIO KEUANGAN SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA KOPERASI KARYAWAN SUCOFINDO (KOPERASI SUCOFINDO JAYA) TAHUN 2009 – 2011

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Sri Marti Pramudena
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the financial position and financial performance Cooperative Sucofindo Jaya (KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA) from fiscal year 2009-2011 through a comparative analysis / comparisons and ratio analysis. From the research, the authors obtained a picture that results of the financial position and financial performance of KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA as follows: (1) To Horizontal Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows the overall unfavorable developments as the rise of short-term debt experienced a greater percentage increase than the increase in current assets (2) For Horizontal Analysis of the SHU, SHU in 2010 an increase of 125.38% compared to 2009 and in 2011 increased by 282.47% compared to 2009, but this increase was not followed by a reduction in the burden of cost of goods, especially business and this increase was obtained from the contribution percentage increase in other income. (3) For Vertical Analysis of the Balance Sheet shows that in terms of assets, current assets are assets that make up the largest component but also cause considerable investment value embedded in current assets and also showed asset turnover, receivables turnover and working capital is very low under 1 times. (4) For the SHU Vertical analysis shows that income JAYA KOPSUCOFINDO more than 85% absorbed in the Cost of Goods. (5) For liquidity analysis showed that highly liquid KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA obtain an average value above 400%. (6) For solvency analysis shows that the performance is not good / not solvable because the results of the analysis LITA average of above 95%, Total Debt to Equity Ratio in the top 2.000%, and Net Worth Debt Ratio to average below 4%. (7) For activity ratios indicate that the performance is not good for Turnover of Assets value of 1 times. (8) For the rentability analysis KOPSUCOFINDO JAYA show results for ROA of 0.86% (2009), 1.31% (2010), 1.18% (2011), ROE in 2009 is 14.81%, 26.43% in 2010 and 2011 amounted to 31.11%, for the ROI of 0.56% in 2009, in 2010 was 0.96% and by 0.93% in 2011. (9) For the analysis of profitability, for the analysis of GPM in 2009 amounted to 1.49%, in 2010 of 2.31% and 3.92% in 2011. As for the analysis of NPM in 2009 amounted to 0.97%, in 2010 by 1.70% and by 3.10% in 2011. Keywords:  Cooperative Financial Performance, horizontal analysis, vertical analysis, Analysis of Liquidity, Solvency Analysis, Activity Analysis, Profitability Analysis, profitability analysis

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