scholarly journals (248) New Four Genes Related to Seed Characteristics, Flower Appearance, and Red Color

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019A-1019
Author(s):  
Zhoo-Hyeon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Ethylmethane Sulfonate ◽  
V Gene ◽  
Limited Base ◽  
Seed Characteristics

New four traits not yet reported were founded. One mutant plant was from a population of 81-1251-D-20M treated with EMS (ethylmethane sulfonate), which had tubular petals. This tubular petal plant had normal pollens in anthers, but could almost not produce its seeds without artificial pollination. It was controlled by one single recessive gene. One new spontaneous dwarf mutant line, R3-10, which bore seedcoatless-like seeds with short pappus, was crossed with normal breeding lines GL5 and 87-25M-2M. From F2 and F3 results, it was found that the two traits (seedcoatless-like and short pappus) were governed by each one single recessive gene. A stem lettuce type cultivar, `Baimach', seemed to be almost green, but was really tinged red, which was extremely suppressed in red color expression. Its tinged red color could not be seen, except on only very limited base parts of the stem and dorsal petal. In two F2 population experiments of the crosses of `Baimach' with `Oakleaf' and 98-43-3, it was found that the suppression of red color expression in `Baimach' was caused by a single recessive gene. It looked different from that of gene “v” (vanishing) by Lindqvist, because the red color of plants with “v” gene of Lindqvist were typically tinged and could be identified easily at a young plant stage, but not that of `Baimach'. I designated these new four genes as Tu-tu (Tu = normal, tu = tubular petal), Pp-pp (Pp = normal, pp = short pappus), Scl-scl (Scl = normal, scl = seedcoatless-like), and In-in (In = normal, in = inhibiting red color expression extremely).

THE INHERITANCE AND HISTOLOGY OF A CHLOROPHYLL-DEFICIENT CHARACTER IN MEDICAGO SATIVA L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Childers ◽  
H. A. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Continuous Layer ◽  
Mesophyll Tissue ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Chlorophyll Production ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Palisade Cells

Further support for tetrasomic inheritance in alfalfa was shown from genetic studies of a chlorophyll-deficient seedling character. The character was determined by a single recessive gene for which the symbol Viridis-1 or v1 is proposed. At the mature-plant stage, low and intermediate classes for chlorophyll production were observed. Histological examination and chlorophyll analyses confirmed this classification. The low-chlorophyll-producing class was characterized by a lack of plastids in the leaf blades although some plastids occurred in mesophyll tissue around the midrib. The intermediate chlorophyll-deficient class was characterized by yellowish-green leaf blades, associated with colorless palisade cells that overlay a single continuous layer of mesophyll cells in which the plastids were well developed.

scholarly journals Characterization and Gene Mapping of non-open hull 1 (noh1) Mutant in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Hao Zheng ◽  
Xiaoqin Zeng ◽  
Hui Zhuang ◽  
Honglei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Physical Region ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Ethylmethane Sulfonate ◽  
Sterile Lemma

Hull opening is a key physiological process during reproductive development, strongly affecting the subsequent fertilization and seed development in rice. In this study, we characterized a rice mutant, non-open hull 1 (noh1), which was derived from ethylmethane-sulfonate (EMS)-treated Xinong 1B (Oryza sativa L.). All the spikelets of noh1 developed elongated and thin lodicules, which caused the failure of hull opening and the cleistogamy. In some spikelets of the noh1, sterile lemmas transformed into hull-like organs. qPCR analysis indicated that the expression of A- and E-function genes was significantly upregulated, while the expression of some B-function genes was downregulated in the lodicules of noh1. In addition, the expression of A-function genes was significantly upregulated, while the expression of some sterile-lemma maker genes was downregulated in the sterile lemma of noh1. These data suggested that the lodicule and sterile lemma in noh1 mutant gained glume-like and lemma-like identity, respectively. Genetic analysis showed that the noh1 trait was controlled by a single recessive gene. The NOH1 gene was mapped between the molecular markers ZJ-9 and ZJ-25 on chromosome 1 with a physical region of 60 kb, which contained nine annotated genes. These results provide a foundation for the cloning and functional research of NOH1 gene.

THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO STEM RUST RACES 56 AND 15B-1L (CAN.) IN THE WHEAT VARIETIES HOPE AND H-44

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Adult Plant Stage ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Dominant Genes

The inheritance of resistance to races 56 and 15B-1L was studied in back-crosses of Hope and H-44 to Marquis. The results indicated that both varieties carry the same three genes. Resistance to race 56 is controlled by two dominant genes, Sr 1 which conditions seedling or physiological resistance and Sr 2 which conditions adult plant resistance. At either the seedling or adult plant stage both genes must be present to provide full resistance to race 56. A single recessive gene, not yet named, provides resistance to race 15B-1L.The gene Sr 1 was transferred from Hope to Marquis by backcrossing and the line was crossed to the Chinese Spring monosomics. The gene proved to be on chromosome 2B (XIII).

THE INHERITANCE OF RED-EYE, A SEX LINKED MUTANT OF THE AEDES SCUTELLARIS COMPLEX (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Trpis
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Red Eye ◽  
Red Color ◽  
High Penetrance ◽  
Linkage Distance

Red-eye is a new mutant in the Aedes scutellaris complex of mosquitoes. The mutation is detectable in three developmental stages: larvae, pupae, and adults. In the larval stage only centrally located ommatidia of the compound eyes are red. In the pupal stage only ventro-laterally located ocelli are red; compound eyes are pigmentless. Shortly before the emergence of adults, the compound eyes of the pupae turn light red. Red-eye was isolated from Aedes sp. 'Tafahi', but is easily transferable to other members of the Ae. scutellaris complex by laboratory cross-breeding procedures. Survival of (re) is high, penetrance is complete and expressivity of red color is variable in intensity. The red-eye character is controlled by a single recessive gene linked to sex. The linkage distance between sex (M/m) and (re) locus estimated from both F2 and backcross data is 15.3 ± 2.7 map units.

A naked oat mutant with very short rachillas

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Burrows ◽  
C. F. Konzak ◽  
G. McDiarmid ◽  
J. Deyl
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Treated Seed ◽  
Ethylmethane Sulfonate

Groats of the naked seeded oat variety Tibor were treated with mutagenic agents sodium azide and ethylmethane sulfonate. A floral mutant with very short rachillas was selected from a M4 population of the mutagen treated seed. This very unusual trait was found to be controlled by a single recessive gene named sr-1. Key words: Mutant, Avena sativa L., naked oat, very short rachilla, gene sr-1

scholarly journals Citrulline Is an Important Biochemical Indicator in Tolerance to Saline and Drought Stresses in Melon

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebnem Kusvuran ◽  
H. Yildiz Dasgan ◽  
Kazim Abak
Keyword(s):  
Early Selection ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Biochemical Indicator ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
The Given ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity ◽  
Salt And Drought Stresses

Salt- and drought-induced alterations in citrulline were assessed in 4 local melon genotypes, 2 sensitive (CU-52, CU-94) and 2 tolerant (CU-196, CU-280), grown in vermiculite in a growth chamber. Salt and drought stresses were started using 30-day-old plants, with 250 mM NaCI and 45 mM PEG (−1.0 MPa) and continued for 12 days. After 12 days under salt and drought conditions, the citrulline contents were increased in the tolerant CU 196 to 25.10 μmol gDW−1and 24.10 μmol gDW−1for salt and drought stresses, respectively. However, the citrulline contents of the sensitive CU-52 were 11.68 μmol gDW−1and 11.76 μmol gDW−1for salt and drought, respectively. The striking alteration was obtained in the citrulline accumulation. The tolerant melons accumulated 2 times more citrulline than the sensitive melons. For assessing or screening melon genotypes in a large number of accessions or breeding lines for their tolerance to salinity and drought during their young plant stage, the amount of citrulline accumulation in response to the given treatments might be considered as a novel biochemical indicator of interest in early selection studies.

scholarly journals A Proposed Model for Inheritance of Primocane Fruiting in Tetraploid Erect Blackberry

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Lopez-Medina ◽  
James N. Moore ◽  
Ronald W. McNew
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Tetrasomic Inheritance ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Inheritance Model ◽  
Diallel Crossing ◽  
Scheme Selection

Inheritance of the primocane-fruiting (PF) characteristic was studied in seedling populations of tetraploid (4x) blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus). Four selections (A-1836, A-593, A-830, and A-1680) and two cultivars (`Arapaho' and `Shawnee') were used as parents in a full diallel crossing scheme. Selection A-593 was used as the main source for PF due to its origin (`Brazos' × `Hillquist,' the latter an old PF cultivar). All parents except `Shawnee' have A-593 in their parentage; among the parents, only A-1836 fully expresses PF. Selfing of A-1836 resulted in 100% PF offspring, indicating that A-1836 is homozygous for this trait. Selfing of A-593, A-830, and `Arapaho' produced either a 35:1 or a 20.8:1 FF (floricane or summer-fruiting):PF segregation ratio, fitting a tetrasomic inheritance model under either random chromosome assortment (RCSA) or random chromatid assortment (RCTA), respectively, also suggesting that PF is controlled by a single recessive gene and that the parents are duplex (AAaa) for this trait. Selection A-1680 and `Shawnee' selfed did not produce PF progeny, but when crossed with the nulliplex A-1836, gave a 27:1 FF:PF ratio, indicating RCTA and that they are triplex (AAAa) for PF. According to these research, both gametic outputs (RCSA and RCTA) seem to operate in 4x blackberry. The intensity in expression of PF had a negative relationship with time to harvest, with those seedlings showing the highest PF scores producing a crop in early to mid-August. This knowledge will be helpful in implementing breeding strategies to produce PF blackberry cultivars.

The inheritance and chromosomal location of a gene for chocolate chaff in durum wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Konzak ◽  
L. R. Joppa
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chromosomal Location ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Aneuploid Chromosome

The durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) cultivar 'Vic' was treated with the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N′-nitrosourea and among the M2 progeny a mutant with "chocolate chaff" (designated cc) was identified. Genetic analyses indicated that chocolate chaff is due to a single recessive gene mutation. The penetrance of the gene for chocolate chaff was environmentally influenced and varied from dark blotches on the glumes to complete coloration of culms as well as spikes. To determine the chromosomal location of the gene, the mutant was crossed with a set of 'Langdon' durum disomic substitution lines in which each of the 14 A- and B-genome chromosomes of durum wheat were replaced by their respective D-genome homoeologues. The segregation of cc was normal in all of the crosses except for those with the 7D(7A) and 7D(7B) lines. Cytogenetic analysis indicated that the gene was located on chromosome 7B, and that chromosome 7D has a gene that prevents the expression of cc when present in one or more copies. It was shown that the 'Langdon' D-genome disomic substitution lines can be used to determine the chromosomal location of genes in tetraploid wheat.Key words: Triticum turgidum, aneuploid, chromosome substitution, monosomic, cytogenetics.

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