scholarly journals Rootstocks Affect Tree Growth, Yield, and Juice Quality of ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Castle ◽  
Kim D. Bowman ◽  
James C. Baldwin ◽  
Jude W. Grosser ◽  
Frederick G. Gmitter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
River Region

Two adjacent rootstock trials were conducted in the east coast Indian River region of Florida with ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) scion. The objective was to find rootstocks to replace sour orange (C. aurantium L.) because of losses to citrus tristeza virus, and to replace Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] because of its limited usefulness in certain poorly drained coastal sites. The trials were conducted in randomized complete blocks with 12 single-tree replicates spaced 4.6 × 6.9 m. The soils were of the Wabasso and Riviera series. The first trial consisted largely of trees on citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osb. × P. trifoliata] and citrumelo rootstocks, ‘Cipo’ sweet orange (C. sinensis), and various hybrid rootstocks. The second trial involved mandarin rootstocks (C. reticulata Blanco) and sour orange and related rootstocks. Trees were grown for 7 years and yield and juice quality data were collected for the last 4 years of that period. Those rootstocks identified as the most promising, based on combinations of smaller tree size and high productivity and juice quality, were two Sunki mandarin × Swingle trifoliate orange (TF) hybrids (C-54, C-146), a Sunki mandarin × Flying Dragon TF hybrid, C-35 citrange, and a Cleopatra mandarin × Rubidoux TF hybrid (×639). The trees on these five rootstocks cropped well leading to soluble solids (SS) values of 3000 to 4000 kg/ha when they were 7-years old. The trees on C-54 and C-146 were relatively large, somewhat taller than trees on sour orange, whereas those on C-35 and the Sunki × Flying Dragon hybrid were smaller and similar to sour orange in tree height. Fruit quality among the trees on C-35 and the Sunki × Flying Dragon hybrid had relatively high SS concentration (better than sour orange), and the other three rootstocks had relatively lower solids concentration (poorer than sour orange). The trees on C-35 and the Sunki × Flying Dragon hybrid would be good candidates for higher density orchards.

scholarly journals Rootstocks and the Performance and Economic Returns of ‘Hamlin’ Sweet Orange Trees

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Castle ◽  
James C. Baldwin ◽  
Ronald P. Muraro
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
C 32 ◽  
Orange Trees

‘Hamlin’ is a principal sweet orange grown in Florida for processing. It is productive but produces juice with low soluble solids content and poor color. A long-term trial was conducted in central Florida to determine rootstock effects on yield and juice quality and the effect of economic analysis on the interpretation of the horticultural results. The trees were a commonly used commercial selection of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] propagated on 19 rootstocks planted in a randomized complete block design of three-tree plots with six replicates in a Spodosol soil at a density of 350 trees/ha. Routine horticultural data were collected from the original trial (H1) for 10 years. Trees on some rootstocks that grew and yielded poorly were removed within a few years and replaced with a second trial (H2) with 13 rootstocks from which data were collected for 5 years. The H1 data were financially analyzed to compare the relative usefulness of horticultural and economic data in interpreting results and making rootstock decisions. In H1 after 10 years, tree height ranged from greater than 5 m [Volkamer lemon (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.)] and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni Hort. ex Tan.) to 2.4 m {Flying Dragon trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. ]}. In H2, the trees on somatic hybrid rootstocks were ≈2 m tall after 8 years and 4.4 m among those on mandarins and C-32 citrange (C. sinensis × P. trifoliata). Tree losses from citrus blight were generally low except for the trees on Carrizo and Troyer citranges (greater than 50%). Horticulturally, the highest performing trees in H1, measured by cumulative yield and soluble solids production over 10 years, were those on Carrizo, Troyer, and Benton citranges; poor performers were those on Smooth Flat Seville and Kinkoji (putative sour orange hybrids). Fruit yield and soluble solids production were directly related to tree height regardless of the difference among rootstocks in juice quality. The same relationship existed among the trees in H2 in which the best rootstocks were C-32 and Morton citranges. Trees on Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata) ranked no. 12 of 19 rootstocks and 9 of 13 rootstocks in H1 and H2, respectively. Financial interpretation of the outcomes to include tree replacement resulting from blight losses did not substantially change the horticultural interpretations. Additional financial analyses demonstrated that the performance of trees on rootstocks with relatively low productivity/tree, like those on C-35 citrange and Kinkoji, would equal those on more vigorous rootstocks when tree vigor was properly matched with spacing. Yield determined the economic outcomes and financial analysis aided the interpretation of rootstock horticultural effects but did not greatly alter the relationship among rootstock results. Highly significant correlations between annual and cumulative data indicated that relative rootstock performance among ‘Hamlin’ orange trees in Florida could be reliably determined based on the first 4 cropping years.

scholarly journals Performance of ‘Valencia’ Sweet Orange Trees on 12 Rootstocks at Two Locations and an Economic Interpretation as a Basis for Rootstock Selection

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Castle ◽  
James C. Baldwin ◽  
Ronald P. Muraro ◽  
Ramon Littell
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Fruit Samples

Two field experiments with ‘Valencia’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees propagated on 12 rootstocks were conducted in commercial orchards. The objectives were to compare rootstock horticultural performance between two locations with soils representative of the Central Florida Ridge (AP) and coastal flatwoods (I), the major citrus-growing regions in Florida, and to see if financial analysis would provide an improved basis for interpreting rootstock performance. The randomized complete-block trials involved six-tree plots replicated eight or 10 times at planting densities of 358 trees (AP) or 252 trees (I)/ha, respectively. Tree growth and survival, yield, and juice quality were measured for 15 years. When losses occurred, trees were replaced annually with another one on the same rootstock. The data of seven rootstocks were subjected to a financial interpretation of three scenarios: tree loss and tree loss with or without tree replacement using the discounted cash flow and internal rate of return methods at a 15% rate. At the flatwoods location, when differences among replications became apparent on several rootstocks, soil data were collected to study its possible association to tree performance; also in this trial, 400-kg fruit samples were differentially harvested in 2 successive years from mature trees on each of five commercial rootstocks when the juice soluble solids/acid ratio was near 15. The juice was extracted, pasteurized, and evaluated for flavor by an experienced taste panel. The horticultural data obtained for trees on specific well-studied rootstocks [Volkamer (C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.)] and rough (C. jambhiri Lush.) lemons, Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (L.)], sour orange [C. aurantium (L.)], Cleopatra mandarin (C. reshni Hort. ex Tan.), trifoliate orange (P. trifoliata), a selection of sweet orange (C. sinensis), and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata) at both locations were typical of their well-documented performance in Florida and elsewhere. Tree losses were virtually only from citrus blight and ranged from none (sour orange) to greater than 50% (Volkamer and rough lemons) at both locations, although tree loss began later at the Central Florida location. ‘Valencia’ cuttings (only at the flatwoods site) were long-lived and cropped well for their smaller size compared with the budded trees. Taste panelists were not able to distinguish differences over two seasons among pasteurized ‘Valencia’ juices produced from trees on different rootstocks and normalized by soluble solids/acid ratio. Yield and planting density were the main factors affecting financial outcome; also, in the highly variable soils of the coastal flatwoods, trees growing in sites with greater depth to an argillic layer had 30% to 200% higher yields. Trees on Volkamer lemon had only ≈50% survival at both locations but had the highest ($7,338/ha I) or one of the highest cash flows ($13,464/ha AP) as compared with one of the commercial standards, Carrizo citrange ($6,928 I; $16,826 AP), which had only ≈25% tree loss. Inclusion of financial analysis, with certain limitations, was concluded to considerably improve rootstock selection decisions compared with selection based only on horticultural data.

scholarly journals Soluble Solids Accumulation in `Valencia' Sweet Orange as Related to Rootstock Selection and Fruit Size

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham H. Barry ◽  
William S. Castle ◽  
Frederick S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Rough Lemon

Juice quality of `Valencia' sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] trees on Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.] or rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush.) rootstocks was determined for fruit harvested by canopy quadrant and separated into size categories to ascertain the direct role of rootstock selection on juice soluble solids concentration (SSC) and soluble solids (SS) production per tree of citrus fruit. SS production per fruit and per tree for each size category was calculated. Juice quality was dependent on rootstock selection and fruit size, but independent of canopy quadrant. Fruit from trees on Carrizo citrange had >20% higher SSCs than fruit from trees on rough lemon, even for fruit of the same size. Large fruit accumulated more SS per fruit than smaller fruit, despite lower juice content and SSC. Within rootstocks, SS content per fruit decreased with decreasing fruit size, even though SSC increased. Rootstock effect on juice quality was a direct rather than an indirect one mediated through differences in fruit size. The conventional interpretation of juice quality data that differences in SSC among treatments, e.g., rootstocks or irrigation levels, or fruit size, are due to “dilution” of SS as a result of differences in fruit size and, hence, juice volume, is only partly supported by these data. Rather, accumulation of SS was greater for fruit from trees on Carrizo citrange than rough lemon by 25% to 30%.

scholarly journals Horticultural and Economic Impact of Rootstocks on Fresh-market ‘Marsh’ Grapefruit

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Castle
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
River Region ◽  
Whole Tree

A rootstock trial with a ‘Marsh’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) scion was established in the flatwoods of the Florida east coast Indian River region in 1990. The trees were planted in an Alfisol of the Pineda series. The trial consisted of trees on 16 rootstocks, primarily citranges [C. sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], citrumelos (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata), mandarins (C. reticulata Blanco) and various hybrids, in three or six replicates of three-tree plots in a randomized complete block design. Tree growth and survival, yield, and juice quality were measured annually or periodically for 10 years. In three seasons, whole-tree crops were sized in the field. Using the fruit size distribution data, crop value or income/tree was estimated. Tree height after 10 years ranged from 1.7 to 4.1 m and survival was greater than 90% with a few exceptions. Mean cumulative yield was 1202 kg/tree and ranged from 649 (Hamlin + Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) to 1615 kg/tree for a hybrid of trifoliate orange × Milam. At tree age 9 years, mean soluble solids production was 3594 kg·ha−1 with a 240% difference between the lowest and highest value. There were differences in the distribution of four commercial-sized categories based on analysis of individual sizes and using PROC FREQ to examine and compare whole-tree distributions. When the yield and fruit size data were combined for 3 years and converted to income/tree using commercial Florida Freight On Board prices in November and March, the trees on a trifoliate orange × Milam hybrid (1584) had the highest estimated income ($354 U.S., March data) followed by Calamandarin ($321) and Norton citrange ($292). The lowest income/tree was $112 (Hamlin + Flying Dragon trifoliate orange). When all data were considered, the best matches to current grower interest in smaller sized trees, and high yield and fruit quality, were the hybrid 1584 and C-35 citrange rootstocks.

scholarly journals Salinity Effects on Florida Grapefruit in the Indian River Region

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Boman
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
River Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

A study was initiated in the 1997-98 production season to evaluate the effects of salinity on grapefruit yield and fruit quality in the Indian River area of Florida. The experiment was conducted on `Ray Ruby' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) planted in 1990 on `Carrizo' citrange (C. sinensis × Poncirus trifoliata) and `Swingle' citrumelo (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata) rootstocks. Trees were planted on 15.2-m-wide (50 ft) double-row beds at a spacing of 4.6 m (15 ft) in-row × 7.3 m (24 ft) across-row [286.6 trees/ha (116 trees/acre)]. The control treatment was irrigated via microsprinkler emitters with water from a surficial aquifer well with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.7 dS·m-1. Higher irrigation water salinity levels were achieved by injecting a sea water brine mixture into the supply water to achieve ECs of 2.3, 3.9, and 5.5 dS·m-1. A wide range of rainfall and irrigation conditions occurred during the years encompassed by these studies, with rain totaling 1262, 1294, 1462, and 964 mm (49.7, 50.9, 57.6, and 38.0 inches) for 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. Salinity level had little effect on internal juice quality parameters [total soluble solids (TSS), acid, or juice content] at time of harvest. One of the most visible effects of irrigation with high salinity water was the damage to leaves, with leaf chloride (Cl) levels increasing about 0.14% for each 1.0 dS·m-1 increase in EC of the irrigation water for trees on `Carrizo' citrange and 0.02% for trees on `Swingle' citrumelo. For both rootstocks, the number of fruit and the size of the fruit decreased with increasing salinity in the irrigation water. The non-salinized trees had significantly larger fruit compared to the rest of the treatments. In the very dry 2000-01 season, trees on `Carrizo' irrigated with 0.7 dS·m-1 water had about 50% more fruit size 36 [fruit count per 0.028-m3 (4/5 bu) carton] or larger than trees watered with 3.9 or 5.5 dS·m-1 water. For trees on `Swingle' rootstock, trees irrigated with 0.7 dS·m-1 water had 150% to 200% more size 36 and larger fruit than trees watered with 2.3 dS·m-1 water. Over the four seasons, average yields for `Carrizo' were reduced 3200.0 kg·ha-1 (2855 lb/acre) per year for each 1.0 dS·m-1 increase in EC of the irrigation water. For `Swingle' rootstock, the reduction was 2600.3 kg·ha-1 (2320 lb/acre) per year for each 1.0 dS·m-1 increase in EC of the irrigation water. These reductions averaged 7% (`Swingle') and 6% (`Carrizo') for each 1.0 dS·m-1 increase in salinity of the irrigation water.

scholarly journals Performance of `Orlando' Tangelo Trees on Ten Rootstocks in Arizona

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Fallahi ◽  
Zahra Mousavi ◽  
D. Ross Rodney
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Carrizo Citrange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Sweet Lime ◽  
Volkamer Lemon

The influence, of 10 rootstocks on growth, yield, and fruit quality of `Orlando' tangelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. × C. reticulata Blanco) was studied for 7 years under the arid climate of southwestern Arizona. Trees on macrophylla (Alemow) (C. macrophylla Wester) were the most precocious and produced the highest yields 4 years after planting. Seven-year cumulative yields of trees on Carrizo citrange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Yuma citrange (P. trifoliata × C. sinensis), Volkamer lemon (C. limon Burm f.), rough lemon (C. jambhiri Lush), Taiwanica (C. taiwanica), and macrophylla were similar and higher than those on Savage citrange (P. trifofiata × C. sinensis), Batangas mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), Ichang pummelo (C. ichangensis hyb.), and Palestine sweet lime (C. limettoides Tan.). Trees on Carrizo citrange had relatively large tree canopies and larger fruit, and fruit from trees on Volkamer lemon and rough lemon was lower in total soluble solids concentration (TSS) and total acids (TA) than fruit from trees on other rootstocks. Fruit from trees on Savage citrange was smallest but had the highest TSS. Considering yield, growth, and/or various quality factors, Volkamer lemon, rough lemon, Yuma citrange, and particularly Carrizo citrange, are suitable for `Orlando' tangelo in the arid regions of the southwestern United States. Trees on macrophylla, Savage citrange, and Ichang pummelo had small canopies and were least productive. `Orlando' tangelo trees on Savage citrange and Ichang pummelo rootstocks, however, might be good choices at a spacing closer than 7 × 7 m because of their high fruit TSS and fruit size, respectively. Trees on Palestine sweet lime declined and had low yields, and those on Batangas mandarin had low yields and poor fruit quality. These rootstocks are not recommended for `Orlando' tangelo under conditions similar to those of this experiment.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Nucellar Frost `Marsh' Grapefruit on Fifteen Rootstocks in Cyprus

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.V. Economides ◽  
C. Gregoriou
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Citrus Volkameriana

Tree growth, yield, and fruit quality of nucellar `Frost Marsh Seedless' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) on 15 rootstocks were evaluated under Cyprus conditions. Over the 9-year production period, trees on Palestine sweet lime, the group of rough lemon, and Citrus volkameriana Pasq. were more productive per unit of tree size, and their cumulative yields per tree were significantly higher than those of trees on sour orange, which is the standard rootstock commercially used in Cyprus. Rootstocks affected fruit size and weight, rind thickness, juice content, total soluble solids concentration (SSC), and total acids, but the differences were not large enough to affect the market value of the fruit, On the basis of the results of this trial and because sour orange is highly susceptible to tristeza, the C. volkameriana and rough lemon group, which are tolerant to tristeza, should be included in further trial plantings as a potential commercial rootstock.

Midseason oranges for juice production

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Sarooshi ◽  
RJ Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Orange Juice ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Troyer Citrange

Juice quality, yield performance, and cropping efficiency of 6 midseason orange varieties (Hamlin, Parramatta, Pineapple, Joppa, White Siletta, and Mediterranean Sweet), together with Seedless Valencia on 4 rootstocks [Troyer citrange, Poncirus trifoliata, rough lemon, and either Benton citrange (coastal) or sweet orange (inland)], were studied for their suitability for both processed and fresh orange juice production. Promising midseason varieties for processed orange juice were Parramatta and Hamlin on Troyer citrange, and Parramatta on P. trifoliata, when grown in coastal districts. Debittered juice of Joppa on Troyer citrange could also be used for processing by early September on the coast. Preferred inland varieties for production of processed orange juice were Mediterranean Sweet and Harnlin on Troyer citrange. Midseason oranges grown inland had higher citric acid levels than the same variety grown on the coast. This resulted in inland fruit having lower ratios of total soluble solids (TSS) to acid, and later maturities, than fruit grown on the coast. Acceptable fresh orange juice was produced from fruit of Parramatta, Hamlin, White Siletta, and Mediterranean Sweet varieties grown on Troyer citrange rootstock in coastal districts; inland, fruit of Mediterranean Sweet, Joppa, Parramatta, and White Siletta varieties on Troyer citrange rootstock produced good quality, fresh orange juice. Hamlin can also be marketed as fresh fruit. In coastal production areas, harvesting can commence from mid July for Hamlin, from mid to late August for Parramata, and from early September for White Siletta and Mediterranean Sweet. Harvest in inland districts for processed juice should commence in mid July for Hamlin and in early September for Mediterranean Sweet, whilst harvest for fresh juice and/or fruit should proceed in early September for Mediterranean Sweet, and in late September for Parramatta, White Siletta, and Joppa. Highest fruit yields and large trees were produced by Parramatta and Joppa on Troyer citrange and rough lemon rootstocks. Most quality characteristics were better for fruit produced on Troyer citrange than on rough lemon. Both Benton citrange and sweet orange performed poorly and are not recommended as rootstocks for midseason oranges. All varieties on Troyer citrange had better yield and TSS/ha than those on P. trifoliata rootstock, which produced smaller but highly cropping efficient trees.

scholarly journals Cross-Protection of Grapefruit from Decline-Inducing Isolates of Citrus Tristeza Virus

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 989-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Powell ◽  
R. R. Pelosi ◽  
P. A. Rundell ◽  
E. Stover ◽  
M. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Tristeza Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
River Region ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Tristeza Virus ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Citrus Tristeza

The ability of three mild isolates of citrus tristeza virus (CTV) to prevent natural infection of 84 Ruby Red grapefruit on sour orange rootstock by aphid-transmitted, decline-inducing isolates of CTV was assessed by symptoms and verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after 16 years. Of 21 trees in each of four treatments protected by the DD 102 bb, Guettler HS, and DPI 1-12-5-X-E mild CTV isolates, 14, 10, and 14% were infected by severe isolates (MCA13 monoclonal antibody reactive) compared with 67% for unprotected control trees. The health of trees protected by the DD 102 bb CTV isolate was significantly better than that of unprotected control trees as measured by decline, tree ratings, and tree height. These data suggest that infection by certain mild isolates of CTV can cross-protect grapefruit trees on sour orange rootstock from decline-inducing isolates of CTV that are prevalent in the Indian River region of Florida.

scholarly journals Performance of `Oroblanco' and `Melogold' Pummelo × Grapefruit Hybrids on Nine Rootstocks on a Calcareous, Poorly Drained Soil

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Stover ◽  
Robert Pelosi ◽  
Michael Burton ◽  
Scott Ciliento ◽  
Mark Ritenour
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Trial Site ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
Indian River ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin

Adjacent but separate trials of `Oroblanco' and `Melogold', both triploid pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] × grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) hybrids, were established on nine rootstocks in the Indian River citrus region of Florida in 1993. The trees on the citrandarin rootstock ×639 [Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) × trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L.)] were significantly more productive than trees on any other rootstock tested for `Oroblanco' and all rootstocks except Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata) and Cleopatra mandarin for `Melogold'. Cumulative production of `Oroblanco' on ×639, through year 9, was 50% higher than for Swingle or Volkamer lemon [C. limon (L.)], which were the next highest in yield. `Melogold' displayed extremely low yield, with 45% of trees producing fewer than 50 fruit total in the 9 years of this study. Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis Osbeck × P. trifoliata) produced the smallest trees with both scion varieties, reflecting poor adaptation of this rootstock to the calcareous soil at the trial site. As expected, acidity of `Oroblanco' and `Melogold' was much lower than would be observed for grapefruit when fall harvested, with similar total soluble solids (TSS), and much higher TSS: titratable acidity ratio. Some rootstock effects on internal quality were observed.

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