scholarly journals Micropropagation of an Endangered Medicinal and Indigenous Multipurpose Tree Species: Erythrina abyssinica

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret W. Kirika ◽  
Jane W. Kahia ◽  
Lucien N. Diby ◽  
Eliud M. Njagi ◽  
Colombe Dadjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Multipurpose Tree ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Erythrina Abyssinica

Erythrina abyssinica (E. abyssinica) is a multipurpose tree and a well-known medicinal plant which is conventionally propagated mainly by seeds. This method may produce a high degree of genetic variability and consequently decrease the medicinal value of the plant. Besides, the seeds have low germination rate and propagation is restricted to rainy season. Hence, there is need to develop a propagation protocol which produces a uniform plants and one which is not restricted to seasons. The objective of this study was to establish an in vitro propagation protocol for the multiplication of E. abyssinica. Seeds were sterilized and germinated in vitro to get sterile starting explants. Sterilization of the seeds was evaluated using different concentrations of a commercial bleach (JIK) ranging from 10%, 20% to 30% for 25 minutes. Kinetin (2.25, 4.50, 6.75, and 9.0 mg/L), and benzylaminopurine (BAP; 2.15, 4.30, 6.46, and 8.61 mg/L) were evaluated in separate experiments for their effect to induce microshoots from nodal explants. Rooting of the microshoot was carried out using half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with indolebutyric acid (IBA) (0.20, 0.51, and 1.02 mg/L). Statistical analysis software (SAS) package was used to perform analysis of variance on the data to test the significance of the difference between treatments. The result of the sterilization experiment indicated that 10% JIK gave the highest percentage (55%) of clean seeds. Benzylaminopurine evaluated at 8.61 mg/L gave the highest mean number of microshoots (6.80 ± 1.24) after 28 days. On the other hand, IBA evaluated at 0.51mg/L gave the highest mean root length (6.00 ± 01.85 cm). The regenerated plants were acclimatized in the greenhouse and 65% survival rate was recorded after one month. With the increasing worldwide demand for medicinal plants as an alternative to prescription drugs, ex situ, in situ conservation programs and true to type mass propagation of E. abyssinica could benefit from the findings of this study. This is the first report on micropropagation of E. abyssinica.

scholarly journals Application of the MSAP Technique to Evaluate Epigenetic Changes in Plant Conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7459
Author(s):  
María Elena González-Benito ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ibáñez ◽  
Michela Pirredda ◽  
Sara Mira ◽  
Carmen Martín
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Epigenetic variation, and particularly DNA methylation, is involved in plasticity and responses to changes in the environment. Conservation biology studies have focused on the measurement of this variation to establish demographic parameters, diversity levels and population structure to design the appropriate conservation strategies. However, in ex situ conservation approaches, the main objective is to guarantee the characteristics of the conserved material (phenotype and epi-genetic). We review the use of the Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP) technique to detect changes in the DNA methylation patterns of plant material conserved by the main ex situ plant conservation methods: seed banks, in vitro slow growth and cryopreservation. Comparison of DNA methylation patterns before and after conservation is a useful tool to check the fidelity of the regenerated plants, and, at the same time, may be related with other genetic variations that might appear during the conservation process (i.e., somaclonal variation). Analyses of MSAP profiles can be useful in the management of ex situ plant conservation but differs in the approach used in the in situ conservation. Likewise, an easy-to-use methodology is necessary for a rapid interpretation of data, in order to be readily implemented by conservation managers.

scholarly journals FEATURES SEED REPRODUCTION OF HEDYSARUM GRANDIFLORUM PALL. EX SITU AND IN VITRO

2020 ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
N. A. Suprun ◽  
◽  
E. V. Malaeva ◽  
S. A. Shumikhin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Seed Reproduction ◽  
Optimal Mode

Hedysarum grandiflorum samples were collected from 7 natural populations of the Volgograd, Samara and Lugansk People's Republic and the features of seed reproduction were studied under ex situ and in vitro conditions. The optimal temperature for seed germination and the dependence of germination and seed vigor on the storage were revealed. We observed the maximum germination rate in the scarified seeds of H. grandiflorum of 2018 collection and it was equal to 70%.It was found that the seed germina-tion and seed vigor are low and quickly decrease with years of storage, while their scarification allows to increase these indicators. It is noted that the relatively low germination of the studied seeds is leveled by the rather high productivity of species in general. The optimal mode of sterilization of H. grandiflorum seeds was experimentally determined - 10% Lysofornin® 3000 solution for 5 minutes. The percentage of sterile seedlings was 60%.

scholarly journals International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT): Its history and achievements

CORD ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Pons Batugal
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
International Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Ex Situ

The International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT) is a global research network organized by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) in 1992 with support from member countries, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), partner institutions, donor agencies, and by regional and international development organizations.                           In the last 12 years, COGENT has been fully operational with 38 member coconut producing countries in five regions (South Asia; Southeast and East Asia; South Pacific; Africa and the Indian Ocean; and Latin America and the Caribbean). It has successfully developed and disseminated to coconut breeders and curators worldwide the International Coconut Genetic Resources Database (CGRD). The CGRD contains characterization data and some pictures of 1,416 accessions which are conserved by national programmes in 28 sites in 23 countries. To further secure conserved germplasm, a COGENT multi-site International Coconut Genebank has been established to conserve 200 important accessions in each region. Coconut varieties with multi-purpose uses are being identified, documented and promoted. The performance of promising 38 high-yielding hybrids are being evaluated in a multilocation  trial involving four African and three Latin America/Caribbean countries to identify suitable varieties and hybrids for resource-poor farmers. Farmers’ varietal preferences in 15 countries are being evaluated. Diversity-linked income-generating activities are being used as a strategy to promote in situ and on-farm conservation and germplasm utilization have been initiated in 15 countries. Protocols for in vitro embryo culture, cryopreservation, morphometric and molecular marker-based methods for locating and characterizing diversity; pest risk assessment and germplasm health management are being developed, tested and upgraded. Strategies and techniques for farmer participatory research, collecting, characterization and ex situ and in situ conservation are being refined.   To strengthen the coconut research capability of COGENT member countries, the COGENT Secretariat and IPGRI have organized 39 country need assessment missions  and conducted 41 workshops and meetings involving 994 coconut researchers to share information and technologies, discuss issues and common problems and opportunities and how to address them; conducted 40 training courses involving 765 participants from 41 countries; supported 274  research and training/capacity building activities  in 30 countries; and led the establishment of the Global Coconut Research for Development Programme (PROCORD). IPGRI and COGENT's current priority involves the further promotion of more effective conservation and use of coconut genetic resources, both regionally and globally.

Differences in seed germination response of two populations of Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel to a set of GR24 concentrations and durations of stimulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Gibot-Leclerc ◽  
Manon Connault ◽  
Rémi Perronne ◽  
Fabrice Dessaint
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Model ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract Phelipanche ramosa is a major weed holoparasite characterized by a broad host range with a suboptimal development on numerous hosts, suggesting inter- or intra-species specificities. Seeds of P. ramosa germinate after exposure to exogenous chemicals exuded by surrounding host roots such as strigolactones, the concentrations of these germination stimulants varying between hosts. In France, P. ramosa is characterized by genetically differentiated populations presenting varying germination rates and a host specificity. The objective of our study was to investigate the sensitivity of seeds of two P. ramosa populations harvested on tobacco and oilseed rape, to a set of GR24 concentrations, a synthetic strigol analogue. The assessment of the germination rate was based on in vitro experiments. Seeds of P. ramosa were placed in Petri dishes with various concentrations of GR24. The cumulative number of germinated seeds of P. ramosa was counted several times after application of the treatment. Cumulative germination curves were analysed using a three-parameter log-logistic model and a time-to-event approach. The results show that the germination rate of P. ramosa seeds depends on the GR24 concentration and the duration of stimulation, but also that the response to these two factors varies greatly according to the origin of the P. ramosa seeds. The difference in germination speed between P. ramosa populations further shows distinct responses at the intraspecific level, thus suggesting that the specialization of P. ramosa probably occurs at least from the first stage of the holoparasite cycle.

scholarly journals In Vitro and Cryobiotechnology Approaches to Safeguard Lupinus rivularis Douglas ex Lindl., an Endangered Plant in Canada

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Elena V. Popova ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Terry McIntosh ◽  
Praveen K. Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Habitats

Conservation of threatened flora in genetic collections ex situ using in vitro culture and cryopreservation is receiving an increasing recognition as a complementary strategy to in situ conservation in natural habitats. The present study is focused on an integrated approach which involves conservation and propagation, emphasizing the usefulness of cryopreservation techniques for germplasm conservation of streambank lupine (Lupinus rivularis Douglas ex Lindl.), an endangered species in Canada. This included in vitro seed germination on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 1 µM thidiazuron to induce multiple shoot formation, micropropagation on a medium with 5 µM benzylaminopurine, and in vitro rooting on medium with 20.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid. Cryopreservation of seeds and shoot tips of in vitro grown plants was successful with over 60% seed germination and 62% regrowth of cryopreserved shoot tips, respectively. Plants developed from cryopreserved seeds had chlorophyll contents in leaves and the growth characteristics including the development of inflorescence, similar to plants raised from non-cryopreserved seeds. These results provide further evidence that the combination of micropropagation with cryopreservation of seeds and vegetative parts may effectively facilitate long-term preservation of L. rivularis and other endangered species.

scholarly journals Application of Horticultural and Tissue Culture Methods for Ex Situ Conservation of Endangered Primula farinosa L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sitek ◽  
Barbara Nowak ◽  
Michał Fecowicz ◽  
Zbigniew Gajewski ◽  
Piotr Dańda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Micropropagated Plants ◽  
The Difference

Our study aimed at active conservation of the last location of <em>Primula farinosa</em>, an endangered species in Poland, and assessed reproduction by seeds and plant propagation on sterile media in tissue culture conditions. We identified gibberellic acid (GA<sub data-id="subscript-1">3</sub>) as the key factor stimulating germination of <em>P. farinosa</em> seeds. Growing juvenile plants under controlled temperature of 18/16 °C day/night yielded good quality plant material without mycorrhization. In tissue culture, the most favorable medium for shoot propagation was MS supplemented with the lowest tested concentration of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA; 0.05 mg dm<sup data-id="superscript-1">−3</sup>) and 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP; 0.1 mg dm<sup data-id="superscript-2">−3</sup>). The rooting ability of shoots was high and comparable for all auxins used. 2C DNA content of seed-derived and micropropagated plants did not indicate any change in the ploidy level during in vitro cultivation. Plants derived from seeds and tissue cultures were compared in a 2-year study. Of all the characteristics compared, only the number of flowers per inflorescence was lower for micropropagated plants when compared with the seed-origin plants in the first year of observation. The difference was of transient nature and was not observed in the second year of the study. Effective protocols for in vivo and in vitro propagation of <em>P. farinosa</em> were developed, which can be used in practical species protection.

scholarly journals The Stimulating Effects of Imazalil and Carbendazim Fungicides on in Vitro Propagation and ex Situ conservation of the Medicinal Balkan Range-Restricted Sideritis Raeseri Boiss & Heldr. Subsp. Raeseri

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1752-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Sarropoulou ◽  
Eleni Maloupa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Shoot Number

Sideritis raeseri Boiss & Heldr. subsp. raeseri, known in Greece as Mountain tea of Parnassus or Velouchi is a range restricted medicinal plant of the Balkan peninsula. Conventional propagation methods did not allow the mass production of plant material in a short period of time due to both low seed germination rate and rooting of cuttings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a reliable, reproducible and efficient regeneration protocol for mass and large-scale micropropagation, germplasm and ex situ conservation of S. raeseri Boiss & Heldr. using Imazalil and Carbendazim fungicides. After 9 weeks, 2.5-10 mg/l Imazalil stimulated root length by 1 cm but diminished root number and rooting percentage. Optimum shoot number (5.58), shoot length (24.91 mm), shoot multiplication (100%), root number (20.63) and rooting (66.67%) were recorded with 0.5 mg/l kinetin (KN) + 0.05 mg/l ?-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (Imazalil-free). After 4 ½ weeks, 1 mg/l Carbendazim + 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) yielded 5.77 shoots/explant, 16.1 mm shoot length and 100% shoot multiplication. However, Carbendazim did not result in rooting. The ex vitro survival percentage of rooted shoot-tip explants derived from Imazalil experiment was 95%. Carbendazim proved useful in shoot proliferarion and Imazalil in root elongation of S. raeseri Boiss & Heldr. subsp. raeseri micropropagation system.  

scholarly journals Secrets beneath the soil: recovery of fern spores as a strategy of biodiversity conservation in Punta Lara Nature Reserve (PLNR), Argentina

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cayetano Berrueta ◽  
Maria Luján Luna ◽  
Gabriela Elena Giudice ◽  
Marta Mónica Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Soil Recovery

Abstract The recovery of soil spores is a strategy to strengthen in decline or disappeared populations from natural environments. In this work, we analyzed 25 soil samples extracted from a patch of gallery forest in an “albardón” of Punta Lara Reserve, Buenos Aires. The samples were distributed in 50 Petri dishes, 25 exposed to controlled temperature and light and another 25 kept in darkness. To contribute to the identification of gametophytes and sporophytes, spores of the local species were cultured in vitro. In 18 months of trial, the appearance of gametophytes and sporophytes was observed, in a greater proportion those belonging to a dominant species in the community: Doryopteris concolor. Numerous gametophytes and sporophytes from Gastoniella chaerophylla were also obtained, a taxon not found in the “albardón” for two years. The germination index (GI) was estimated and the morphological characteristics of the gametophytes and sporophytes were recorded. This is the first contribution to the knowledge of the spore banks in Argentina, in a protected area where several threats put at risk the survival of native species. The bases to implement methods of ex situ and in situ conservation of native ferns are provided.

scholarly journals In vivo Rooting, Acclimatization and Ex situ Conservation of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Beles) in Tigray Region of Ethiopia, Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Shastri Prasad Shukla ◽  
Zinabu Hailu ◽  
Yemene Kehsay
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Tigray Region

Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. commonly known as prickly pear or Beles is a xerophytic, succulent, CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plant introduced in Ethiopia (Africa), particularly to Tigray region between 1848 and 1920. It is known as a multipurpose plant since it can be used as human food (fruits and vegetables), medicine and ornamental plants, fodder, natural wind barrier, soil stabilizer, re-vegetation resource in eroded soils. Stem of this plant has been reported to treat diabetes and useful in the cure of hyperlipidemy (excess of lipids in the blood) and obesity. It is well recognized for their wound healing properties and anticancer effects. Conventionally, it is propagated by seeds but physiological limitations of the seeds, such as; low germination rate, genetic segregation, less guarantee of genetic stability, a long juvenile stage, less availability and low viability, and slow seedling growth rate are major constraints in the multiplication of this species in nature. In the present study we developed an efficient procedure for mass multiplication, acclimatization and ex-situ conservation of this succulent plant in Adigrat region of Ethiopia (Africa). In the present study out of six used in vitro - raised clones, maximum average height of the plantlet (13 cm.) and width (8.5 cm.) were observed in the plantlets (X6 ) and (X5 ) clones at 30.29 and 29.15oC temperatures, respectively on a modified substrate. Here, the effects of temperature and duration were significant in the increment of clones height and width. Thus, the developed efficient acclimatization techniques of this crop will ensure the supply of the in vitro-raised plantlets throughout the year to the consumers in Tigray region of Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Current issues in plant cryopreservation and importance for ex situ conservation of threatened Australian native species

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Streczynski ◽  
Hamish Clark ◽  
Lily M. Whelehan ◽  
Sze-Tieng Ang ◽  
Lyndle K. Hardstaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Germplasm Collections

An alarming proportion of Australia’s unique plant biodiversity is under siege from a variety of environmental threats. Options for in situ conservation are becoming increasingly compromised as encroaching land use, climate change and introduced diseases are highly likely to erode sanctuaries regardless of best intentions. Ex situ conservation is currently limited to botanic garden living collections and seed banking, with in vitro and cryopreservation technologies still being developed to address ex situ conservation of species not amenable to conventional storage. Cryopreservation (storage in liquid nitrogen) has been used successfully for long-term biosecure storage of shoot tips of several species of threatened Australian plants. We present a case for building on this research and fostering further development and utilisation of cryopreservation as the best means of capturing critical germplasm collections of Australian species with special storage requirements (e.g. recalcitrant-seeded taxa and species with short-lived seeds) that currently cannot be preserved effectively by other means. This review highlights the major issues in cryopreservation that can limit survival including ice crystal damage and desiccation, toxicity of cryoprotective agents, membrane damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Progress in understanding and mitigating these stresses is vital for advancing cryopreservation for conservation purposes.

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