scholarly journals Secrets beneath the soil: recovery of fern spores as a strategy of biodiversity conservation in Punta Lara Nature Reserve (PLNR), Argentina

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Cayetano Berrueta ◽  
Maria Luján Luna ◽  
Gabriela Elena Giudice ◽  
Marta Mónica Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Soil Recovery

Abstract The recovery of soil spores is a strategy to strengthen in decline or disappeared populations from natural environments. In this work, we analyzed 25 soil samples extracted from a patch of gallery forest in an “albardón” of Punta Lara Reserve, Buenos Aires. The samples were distributed in 50 Petri dishes, 25 exposed to controlled temperature and light and another 25 kept in darkness. To contribute to the identification of gametophytes and sporophytes, spores of the local species were cultured in vitro. In 18 months of trial, the appearance of gametophytes and sporophytes was observed, in a greater proportion those belonging to a dominant species in the community: Doryopteris concolor. Numerous gametophytes and sporophytes from Gastoniella chaerophylla were also obtained, a taxon not found in the “albardón” for two years. The germination index (GI) was estimated and the morphological characteristics of the gametophytes and sporophytes were recorded. This is the first contribution to the knowledge of the spore banks in Argentina, in a protected area where several threats put at risk the survival of native species. The bases to implement methods of ex situ and in situ conservation of native ferns are provided.

scholarly journals Application of the MSAP Technique to Evaluate Epigenetic Changes in Plant Conservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7459
Author(s):  
María Elena González-Benito ◽  
Miguel Ángel Ibáñez ◽  
Michela Pirredda ◽  
Sara Mira ◽  
Carmen Martín
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Methylation Patterns

Epigenetic variation, and particularly DNA methylation, is involved in plasticity and responses to changes in the environment. Conservation biology studies have focused on the measurement of this variation to establish demographic parameters, diversity levels and population structure to design the appropriate conservation strategies. However, in ex situ conservation approaches, the main objective is to guarantee the characteristics of the conserved material (phenotype and epi-genetic). We review the use of the Methylation Sensitive Amplified Polymorphism (MSAP) technique to detect changes in the DNA methylation patterns of plant material conserved by the main ex situ plant conservation methods: seed banks, in vitro slow growth and cryopreservation. Comparison of DNA methylation patterns before and after conservation is a useful tool to check the fidelity of the regenerated plants, and, at the same time, may be related with other genetic variations that might appear during the conservation process (i.e., somaclonal variation). Analyses of MSAP profiles can be useful in the management of ex situ plant conservation but differs in the approach used in the in situ conservation. Likewise, an easy-to-use methodology is necessary for a rapid interpretation of data, in order to be readily implemented by conservation managers.

scholarly journals International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT): Its history and achievements

CORD ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Pons Batugal
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
International Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Ex Situ

The International Coconut Genetic Resources Network (COGENT) is a global research network organized by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) in 1992 with support from member countries, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), partner institutions, donor agencies, and by regional and international development organizations.                           In the last 12 years, COGENT has been fully operational with 38 member coconut producing countries in five regions (South Asia; Southeast and East Asia; South Pacific; Africa and the Indian Ocean; and Latin America and the Caribbean). It has successfully developed and disseminated to coconut breeders and curators worldwide the International Coconut Genetic Resources Database (CGRD). The CGRD contains characterization data and some pictures of 1,416 accessions which are conserved by national programmes in 28 sites in 23 countries. To further secure conserved germplasm, a COGENT multi-site International Coconut Genebank has been established to conserve 200 important accessions in each region. Coconut varieties with multi-purpose uses are being identified, documented and promoted. The performance of promising 38 high-yielding hybrids are being evaluated in a multilocation  trial involving four African and three Latin America/Caribbean countries to identify suitable varieties and hybrids for resource-poor farmers. Farmers’ varietal preferences in 15 countries are being evaluated. Diversity-linked income-generating activities are being used as a strategy to promote in situ and on-farm conservation and germplasm utilization have been initiated in 15 countries. Protocols for in vitro embryo culture, cryopreservation, morphometric and molecular marker-based methods for locating and characterizing diversity; pest risk assessment and germplasm health management are being developed, tested and upgraded. Strategies and techniques for farmer participatory research, collecting, characterization and ex situ and in situ conservation are being refined.   To strengthen the coconut research capability of COGENT member countries, the COGENT Secretariat and IPGRI have organized 39 country need assessment missions  and conducted 41 workshops and meetings involving 994 coconut researchers to share information and technologies, discuss issues and common problems and opportunities and how to address them; conducted 40 training courses involving 765 participants from 41 countries; supported 274  research and training/capacity building activities  in 30 countries; and led the establishment of the Global Coconut Research for Development Programme (PROCORD). IPGRI and COGENT's current priority involves the further promotion of more effective conservation and use of coconut genetic resources, both regionally and globally.

scholarly journals Current issues in plant cryopreservation and importance for ex situ conservation of threatened Australian native species

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Streczynski ◽  
Hamish Clark ◽  
Lily M. Whelehan ◽  
Sze-Tieng Ang ◽  
Lyndle K. Hardstaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Germplasm Collections

An alarming proportion of Australia’s unique plant biodiversity is under siege from a variety of environmental threats. Options for in situ conservation are becoming increasingly compromised as encroaching land use, climate change and introduced diseases are highly likely to erode sanctuaries regardless of best intentions. Ex situ conservation is currently limited to botanic garden living collections and seed banking, with in vitro and cryopreservation technologies still being developed to address ex situ conservation of species not amenable to conventional storage. Cryopreservation (storage in liquid nitrogen) has been used successfully for long-term biosecure storage of shoot tips of several species of threatened Australian plants. We present a case for building on this research and fostering further development and utilisation of cryopreservation as the best means of capturing critical germplasm collections of Australian species with special storage requirements (e.g. recalcitrant-seeded taxa and species with short-lived seeds) that currently cannot be preserved effectively by other means. This review highlights the major issues in cryopreservation that can limit survival including ice crystal damage and desiccation, toxicity of cryoprotective agents, membrane damage, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. Progress in understanding and mitigating these stresses is vital for advancing cryopreservation for conservation purposes.

scholarly journals PENYIMPANAN IN VITRO TANAMAN PURWOCENG (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) MELALUI APLIKASI PENGENCERAN MEDIA DAN PACLOBUTRAZOL

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. ROOSTIKA ◽  
R. PURNAMANINGSIH ◽  
I. DARWATI
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Shoots ◽  
In Vitro Preservation ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) adalah tanaman obatlangka asli Indonesia yang dikategorikan hampir punah. Konservasi in situtidak dapat diandalkan karena rusaknya habitat alami (hutan konservasi),sedangkan konservasi ex situ di lapang menghadapi kendala karenapurwoceng sulit dibudidayakan di luar habitat aslinya. Dengan demikian,konservasi in vitro merupakan alternatif yang dapat diterapkan untukmenghindari kepunahan tanaman purwoceng. Tujuan penelitian untukmengetahui efek dari kombinasi perlakuan pengenceran media dankonsentrasi paclobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan kultur purwoceng, dayaregenerasi dan stabilitas genetik pasca penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukanpada tahun 2004 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian danPengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Bogorselama 9 bulan. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan bersumber dari koleksitanaman purwoceng di Kebun Percobaan Gunung Putri, Balai PenelitianTanaman Rempah dan Obat. Kegiatan penelitian mencakup: (1)Perbanyakan tunas in vitro purwoceng sebagai sumber eksplan denganmenggunakan regenerasi, yaitu media DKW + BA 1 ppm + Thidiazuron0,2 ppm + arginin 100 ppm, (2) Penyimpanan in vitro tunas purwocengdalam media DKW (1, ½, dan ¼ dosis) + paclobutrazol (0, 1, 3, dan 5ppm), (3) Regenerasi kultur purwoceng pasca penyimpanan in vitro padamedia regenerasi, dan (4) Evaluasi karakter sitologi kultur yang telahdisimpan melalui penghitungan jumlah kloroplas sel penjaga stomata.Rancangan percobaan disusun secara faktorial dalam lingkungan acaklengkap dengan 6 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak adanyainteraksi yang nyata antara pengenceran media dan konsentrasipaclobutrazol. Periode simpan kultur tidak dapat diperpanjang lebih dari 4bulan karena paclobutrazol mempunyai pengaruh penghambatan pertum-buhan yang sangat kuat sehingga sebagian besar kultur purwoceng mati.Efek residu paclobutrazol masih tampak pada jangka waktu lebih dari 4bulan pada tahap pemulihan, ditandai dengan adanya penampilan roset.Pengamatan ciri sitologi melalui penghitungan jumlah kloroplas selpenjaga stomata menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan paclobutrazol tidakmenyebabkan perubahan tingkat ploidi. Disimpulkan bahwa paclobutrazoltidak sesuai digunakan untuk penyimpanan in vitro purwoceng karenamenyebabkan pertumbuhan yang abnormal (roset) sekalipun pada tahapregenerasi pasca penyimpanan. Selanjutnya disarankan untuk mengguna-kan regulator osmotik, yang mampu meningkatkan potensi osmotik dalammedia dan memperlambat penyerapan nutrisi sehingga masa simpankemungkinan dapat diperpanjang tanpa menyebabkan pertumbuhan yangabnormal pada tahap regenerasi pasca penyimpanan.</p><p>Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., penyimpanan in vitro, pengen-ceran media, dan paclobutrazol</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian medicinalplant categorized as endangered plant. In situ conservation is quiteimpossible since conservation forest has been damaged whereas ex situconservation in the field is difficult because the plant needs specificagronomical condition. In vitro conservation is therefore the only choice tobe applied. The objectives of the study were to find out the effects ofcombined  treatment  between  media  dilution  and  paclobutrazolconcentration to the growth of pruatjan cultures, the genetic regenerationand stability after preservation. The research was conducted at the TissueCulture Laboratory, the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnologyand Genetic Resources Research and Development for 9 months. The plantmaterials were taken from Gunung Putri. The activities included: (1)Propagation of in vitro shoots as explants source in DKW media + 1 ppmBA + 0.2 ppm Thidiazuron + 100 ppm arginin, (2) Preservation of in vitroshoots of pruatjan on DKW (full, half, and quarter strength) +paclobutrazol (0, 1, 3, and 5 ppm), (3) Regeneration of the cultures after invitro preservation, and (4) Evaluation of cytological character of preservedcultures through chloroplast guard cells counting. The experiment wasarranged factorially in Completely Randomized Design with 6replications. The result revealed that there was no interaction betweenmedia dilution and paclobutrazol concentration. Preservation period couldnot be prolonged more than 4 months because this compound stronglyinhibited the growth so that almost none of them could survive longer. Theresidual effect of paclobutrazol was still appeared more than 4 months inregeneration phase assigned by rossette performances. Observation ofcytological character through chloroplast guard cells counting revealedthat paclobutrazol could not change ploidy level of preserved pruatjancultures. It was concluded that paclobutrazol is not suitable for in vitropreservation of pruatjan since it causes abnormal growth on regenerationstep after preservation. Thus, it was suggested to use osmotic regulatorwhich can increase osmoticum potential in media and decrease nutritionabsorption so that preservation period may be prolonged without abnormaleffect on regeneration step after preservation.</p><p>Key words: Pimpinella pruatjan Molk., in vitro preservation, mediadilution, and paclobutrazol</p>

In vitro propagation and reintroduction of golden paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta), a critically imperilled plant species

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salama ◽  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Elena Popova ◽  
Nathan S. Fisk ◽  
Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Parks Canada

Golden paintbrush (Castilleja levisecta Greenm.) is a hemiparasitic herbaceous perennial native to the Pacific Northwest of North America and is considered critically imperilled with only 11 populations remaining in the wild. The main objective of this study was to develop ex situ and in situ conservation through micropropagation and field plantings. In vitro cultures were initiated using nodal explants from two plants raised from seeds collected from a natural population. Shoots were then multiplied on Murashige and Skoog basal medium with 2.0 μmol L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 3.0 μmol L−1 kinetin (Kn), 2.2 g L−1 phytagel, and 3% sucrose. Explant position on source plants, culture vessel design, and application of different plant growth regulator levels for BA, Kn, and thiadiazuron (TDZ) were tested to optimize micropropagation protocols. Clones from the plants showed differences in plant height and number of nodes in response to various BA and TDZ concentrations. In vitro shoots were successfully rooted under ex vitro conditions using commercial rooting powder (0.8% indole-3-butyric acid) with an average of ∼17 roots per shoot and acclimatized in the greenhouse with 100% survival rate. Two-month-old plants were transferred to a Parks Canada restoration site at Fort Rodd Hill, Victoria, BC, with 7.5% survival. The use of micropropagation in combination with reintroduction efforts offers an excellent opportunity for conserving endangered plant biodiversity in vitro and facilitating in situ conservation efforts by providing plants for reintroduction.

Collection and in vitro maturation of Mazama gouazoubira (brown brocket deer) oocytes obtained after ovarian stimulation

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luciana Diniz Rola ◽  
Eveline dos Santos Zanetti ◽  
Maite del Collado ◽  
Ellen de Fátima Carvalho Peroni ◽  
José Maurício Barbanti Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Ovarian Stimulation ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Follicular Aspiration ◽  
Mazama Gouazoubira

Summary In vitro production of embryos has gained prominence as a tool for use in wildlife conservation programmes in situ and ex situ. However, the development of this technique depends on steps that include ovarian stimulation, collection and oocyte maturation. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of an ovarian stimulation protocol for follicular aspiration, the efficiency of videolaparoscopy for follicular aspiration and test a medium for in vitro oocyte maturation for the species Mazama gouazoubira. Five females were submitted to repeated ovarian stimulation (hormone protocol using controlled internal drug release), and estradiol benzoate on D0 and eight injections of follicle-stimulating hormone, once every 12 h, from D4 onwards at 30-day intervals. Fourteen surgical procedures were performed in superstimulated females, resulting in the collection of 94 oocytes and an average of 17.1 ± 9.1 follicles observed, 13.5 ± 6.6 follicles aspirated and 7.2 ± 3.7 oocytes collected per surgery. After collection, the oocytes were submitted to in vitro maturation for 24 h and stained with Hoechst 33342 dye to evaluate their nuclear status; 64.5% of the oocytes reached MII and 16.1% were spontaneously activated by parthenogenesis. The nuclear status of oocytes that did not undergo in vitro maturation was evaluated; 80.9% were found to be immature.

scholarly journals Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽  
José F. M. Valls ◽  
Aluana G. Abreu ◽  
Gustavo Heiden ◽  
Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

scholarly journals Gap analyses of priority wild relatives of food crop in current ex situ and in situ conservation in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiguna Rahman ◽  
Joana Magos Brehm ◽  
Nigel Maxted ◽  
Jade Phillips ◽  
Aremi R. Contreras-Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Complementarity Analysis ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Conservation Actions

AbstractConservation programmes are always limited by available resources. Careful planning is therefore required to increase the efficiency of conservation and gap analysis can be used for this purpose. This method was used to assess the representativeness of current ex situ and in situ conservation actions of 234 priority crop wild relatives (CWR) in Indonesia. This analysis also included species distribution modelling, the creation of an ecogeographical land characterization map, and a complementarity analysis to identify priorities area for in situ conservation and for further collecting of ex situ conservation programmes. The results show that both current ex situ and in situ conservation actions are insufficient. Sixty-six percent of priority CWRs have no recorded ex situ collections. Eighty CWRs with ex situ collections are still under-represented in the national genebanks and 65 CWRs have no presence records within the existing protected area network although 60 are predicted to exist in several protected areas according to their potential distribution models. The complementarity analysis shows that a minimum of 61 complementary grid areas (complementary based on grid cells) are required to conserve all priority taxa and 40 complementary protected areas (complementary based on existing protected areas) are required to conserve those with known populations within the existing in situ protected area network. The top ten of complementary protected areas are proposed as the initial areas for the development of CWR genetic reserves network in Indonesia. It is recommended to enhanced coordination between ex situ and in situ conservation stakeholders for sustaining the long term conservation of CWR in Indonesia. Implementation of the research recommendations will provide for the first time an effective conservation planning of Indonesia’s CWR diversity and will significantly enhance the country’s food and nutritional security.

scholarly journals Ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm (Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall)

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Jelena Aleksic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Ulmus Minor ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Ulmus Laevis ◽  
Vitro Production

Principles of the conservation of genetic resources of elms (Ulmus spp) do not differ fundamentally from the general principles accepted for the conservation of genetic resources of other common Noble Hardwoods. Efficient conservation can best be achieved through appropriate combination of in situ and ex situ methods, which have distinct advantages. Besides that, ex situ conservation is employed when emergency measures are needed for rare endangered populations and when populations are too small to be managed in situ (e.g. risks of genetic drift and inbreeding). The aim of our research is ex situ conservation of genetic resources of field elm {Ulmus minor Mill) and European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) through establishment of field genebanks. Sampling was conducted in one population of field elm and one population of white elm. Plant material (buds) from 8 trees of field elm and 10 trees of white elm was used for in vitro production of clones. Obtained clones will be used for establishment of field genebanks on the experimental estate of the Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment.

scholarly journals Quantitative assessment and status of ethnomedicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Shariat Ullah ◽  
Lal Badshah ◽  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Noor Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Family Importance Value

This study was conducted from March 2017 to August 2018, to enumerate the quantitative attributes and current status of medicinal plants of Sheen Ghar Valley, District Dir Lower, Pakistan. A total of 51 species were documented for their medicinal uses. These plants belonged to 31 families. Results of this study revealed that leaves were the frequently used part (50%), followed by whole plants (only 30%) in curing different ailments. Many plants were found to be having multiple uses. Based on family importance value (FIV), Lamiaceae was the leading plant family (126.30) followed by Violaceae (55.81), while highest relative frequency of citation (RFC) was noted for Viola canescens (0.558) followed by Olea europaea (0.523). Conservation study revealed that 24 species (47%) were vulnerable, 22 species (43%) were rare and 4 species (8%) were noted as infrequent. Following IUCN standards for conservation, one species i.e. Hypericum perforatum was declared dominant. This study recommends immediate ex-situ and in-situ conservation programme for protecting the plant wealth of the locality.

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