Resistance to Papaya ringspot virus-Watermelon Strain (PRSV-W) in the Desert Watermelon Citrullus colocynthis

The bitter desert watermelon, Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is a wild species valuable for biotic and abiotic stress resistance that could be exploited for improving watermelon cultivars [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum & Nakai var. lanatus]. The objective of this study was to survey and identify C. colocynthis accessions displaying resistance to the Papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain (PRSV-W). Thirty-one accessions of C. colocynthis, collected in Africa, the Middle East, southwest Asia, and India were evaluated for PRSV-W resistance. Of these 31 accessions, 4 U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) accessions, including 525080 (collected in Qena, Egypt) and PI 537277, PI 652554, and Griffin 14201 (collected at the northern Indian desert of Rajasthan and the neighboring region of Punjab, Pakistan) showed high resistance to PRSV-W. Plants of these four resistant PIs were self-pollinated to produce S1 and S2 seeds that continued to maintain the high levels of PRSV resistance. Since there is a wide genetic distance between watermelon cultivars and C. colocynthis, we performed crosses and backcrosses with watermelon cultivars, including ‘Charleston Gray’ and ‘Sugar Baby’ to produce viable seed that would be useful in the development of genetic populations and in introducing the resistance into watermelon cultivars.

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Problemas na premunização de melancia para o controle do mosaico causado pelo Papaya ringspot virus

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582001000300013 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 651-654 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

PAULO R. P. DIAS ◽

JORGE A. M. REZENDE

Keyword(s):

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus

Neste trabalho estudou-se a proteção de melancia (Citrullus lanatus) com estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus, estirpe melancia, em condições de casa de vegetação e em campo. Os resultados mostraram que a proteção foi eficiente em ambos os testes. Nos testes em campo porém, as plantas protegidas da cultivar Crimson Sweet tiveram uma redução no peso médio de frutos por planta de, aproximadamente, 50% e 10,8%, em comparação às plantas não protegidas que estavam sadias, no primeiro e no segundo teste, respectivamente. O mesmo fato ocorreu com a cultivar Crimson Tide, na qual se registrou uma redução de 36,4%, aproximadamente, em um único teste. Além da redução na produção, outro problema encontrado na premunização da melancia foi a necessidade de duas inoculações sucessivas das mudas, em dias consecutivos, para aumentar a freqüência de plantas infetadas.

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Natural Infection of Citrullus colocynthis by Papaya ringspot virus-W in Iran

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-14-0600-pdn ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (12) ◽

pp. 1748-1748 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Naeimifar ◽

R. Pourrahim ◽

G. Zadehdabagh

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Natural Infection ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Citrullus Colocynthis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Khuzestan Province ◽

The Impact

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is economically important due to its worldwide distribution and because it can cause serious losses in both cucurbit crops and papaya (3). PRSV has been previously reported from cucurbit crops in Iran (2). In Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran, cucurbit crops, including cucumber, melon, squash, pumpkin, and watermelon, are grown on about 30,000 ha with 720,000 t production annually. To identify possible alternative hosts that may serve as PRSV reservoirs, samples of 36 different common weed species (17 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic) including Amaranthus sp. (slim amaranth), Carthamus sp. (safflower), Chenopodium album L. (lamb squarters), Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (colocynth), Convolvulus arvensis L. (field bindweed), Datura stramonium L. (jimson weed), Euphorbia sp. (wart weed), Malva sylvestirs L. (common malva), Solanum nigrum L. (black nightshade), and Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (prickly sow-thistle) were collected in cucurbit open fields during 2012 to 2013 in Khuzestan Province, where PRSV symptoms were observed. Symptoms on weed samples included mottling, mosaic, blistering, cholorosis, vein clearing, interveinal yellowing, yellows, necrosis, leaf distortion, and curling. Samples were tested by DAS-ELISA with specific antisera against PRSV using reagents from Bioreba (Switzerland). Three of the 36 weed samples belonging to C. colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae) with mottling and chlorosis symptoms were positive for PRSV by ELISA. Leaf extracts from PRSV ELISA-positive samples were mechanically inoculated onto indicator host plants, causing local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and systemic symptoms on Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, and Cucurbita pepo, but could not produce symptoms on Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. White Burley, or N. tabacum cv. Xanthi. Total RNA was extracted from infected leaves using Tri-reagent (Sigma) and first-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using M-MuLV reverse transcriptase (Fermentas, Lithuania), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The presence of PRSV was confirmed by RT-PCR using primers for the complete coat protein (CP) gene of PRSV-W (forward 5′-GCAGCAATGATAGAGTCATG-3′ and reverse 5′-AACACACAAGCGCGAGTATTCA-3′) (1). The complete CP nucleotide sequence of three Iranian PRSV isolates consisted of 864 nt, coding for a 288 amino acid (aa) protein. Subsequent analysis showed that the CP nucleotide sequences of Iranian isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. KM047884 to KM047886) from C. colocynthis samples were identical. Furthermore, BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that the Iranian isolates shared the highest identity (96%) with the Chinese PRSV isolate (DQ449533). PRSV-W has been previously reported from different cucurbits using serological and biological detection (2); however, this result provides the first molecular demonstration, to our knowledge, of PRSV-W on C. colocynthis. C. colocynthis is a perennial weed in West and South Iran. This information on the natural infection of C. colocynthis with PSRV-W will help to better understand PRSV epidemiology and to develop a successful management program for reducing the impact of this disease. References: (1) A. Ali et al. Plant Dis. 96:243, 2012. (2) K. Bananej and A. Vahdat. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 47:247, 2008. (3) D. J. Purcifull et al. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses. No. 292, 1984.

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Inheritance of Resistance to the Watermelon Strain of Papaya Ringspot Virus in Watermelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.811c ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 811C-811

Author(s):

Nihat Guner* ◽

Zvezdana Pesic-VanEsbroeck ◽

Todd Wehner

Keyword(s):

New Hampshire ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Recessive Gene ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Inheritance Of Resistance ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Single Recessive Gene ◽

Susceptible Parent ◽

Sources Of Resistance

Sources of resistance to the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV-W) have been identified within the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) germplasm collection. Inheritance of resistance to papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain was studied in three C. lanatus var. citroides accessions: PI 244017, PI 244019, and PI 485583. The susceptible parent lines `Allsweet', `Calhoun Gray', and `New Hampshire Midget' were crossed with resistant accessions to develop F1, F2, and BC1 generations for six families. A single recessive gene was found to control resistance to PRSV-W. The gene symbol `prv' is proposed for PRSV-W resistance in watermelon. Additional work is needed to determine whether the genes in PI 244017, PI 244019, and PI 485583 are allelic for resistance to PRSV-W.

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032 Resistance to Papaya Ringspot Virus in Watermelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.446d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 446D-446

Author(s):

E. Bruton Strange ◽

Todd C. Wehner ◽

Zvezdana Pesic-Van Esbroeck

Keyword(s):

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Virus Diseases ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Effective Screening

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is a major crop in the southern U.S., where the most important virus diseases are papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), watermelon mosaic virus-2, and zucchini yellow mosaic. The most economical control of virus diseases of watermelon is probably through genetic resistance. Watermelon has not been screened extensively for resistance to PRSV. The objective of this research was to develop a suitable method for screening watermelons for resistance to PRSV and then to screen the USDA germplasm collection. To date, we have developed an effective method and have nearly completed the screening. Several of the 1283 accessions have shown resistance to the virus. Methods tests involved 10 isolates of PRSV, several watermelon accessions and multiple inoculation procedures. Seedlings were screened in greenhouse flats with six replications per test. Tests were rated visually on a 0 to 9 scale (0 = no damage, 9 = plant dead), as well as with ELISA to detect the presence of virus. The watermelon germplasm collection was screened in four separate runs of 1283 accessions with `Charleston Gray' as the susceptible check. This research will be useful for those interested in effective screening methods, and sources of resistance for development of improved watermelon cultivars.

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Papaya ringspot virus Populations From East Timorese and Northern Australian Cucurbit Crops: Biological and Molecular Properties, and Absence of Genetic Connectivity

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-16-1499-re ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 985-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Solomon Maina ◽

Brenda A. Coutts ◽

Owain R. Edwards ◽

Luis de Almeida ◽

Abel Ximenes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Virus Genome ◽

East Timor ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Genetic Connectivity ◽

Genomic Sequences ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Fta Cards ◽

Honeydew Melon

To examine possible genetic connectivity between crop viruses found in Southeast Asia and Australia, Papaya ringspot virus biotype W (PRSV-W) isolates from cucurbits growing in East Timor and northern Australia were studied. East Timorese samples from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) or pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata and C. maxima) were sent to Australia on FTA cards. These samples and others of pumpkin, rockmelon, honeydew melon (Cucumis melo), or watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) growing in one location each in northwest, north, or northeast Australia were subjected to high throughput sequencing (HTS). When the 17 complete PRSV genomic sequences obtained by HTS were compared with 32 others from GenBank, the five from East Timor were in a different major phylogroup from the 12 Australian sequences. Moreover, the East Timorese and Australian sequences each formed their own minor phylogroups named VI and I, respectively. A Taiwanese sequence was closest to the East Timorese (89.6% nt dentity), and Mexican and Brazilian sequences were the closest to the Australian (92.3% nt identity). When coat protein gene (CP) sequences from the 17 new genomic sequences were compared with 126 others from GenBank, three Australian isolates sequenced more than 20 years ago grouped with the new Australian sequences, while the closest sequence to the East Timorese was from Thailand (93.1% nt identity). Recombination analysis revealed 13 recombination events among the 49 complete genomes. Two isolates from East Timor (TM50, TM32) and eight from GenBank were recombinants, but all 12 Australian isolates were non-recombinants. No evidence of genome connectivity between Australian and Southeast Asian PRSV populations was obtained. The strand-specific RNA library approach used optimized data collection for virus genome assembly. When an Australian PRSV isolate was inoculated to plants of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), watermelon, rockmelon, and honeydew melon, they all developed systemic foliage symptoms characteristic of PRSV-W, but symptom severity varied among melon cultivars.

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Inheritance of Resistance to Papaya Ringspot Virus-Watermelon Strain in Watermelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12944-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 624-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nihat Guner ◽

Zvezdana Pesic-VanEsbroeck ◽

Luis A. Rivera-Burgos ◽

Todd C. Wehner

Keyword(s):

New Hampshire ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Recessive Gene ◽

Germplasm Collection ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽

Single Recessive Gene ◽

Susceptible Parent ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Allelism Tests

Sources of resistance to the watermelon strain of papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain (PRSV-W) have been identified within the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) germplasm collection. Inheritance of the resistance to PRSV-W was studied in three Citrullus amarus (formerly C. lanatus var. citroides) PI accessions: PI 244017, PI 244019, and PI 485583. Three susceptible parent lines, ‘Allsweet’, ‘Calhoun Gray’, and ‘New Hampshire Midget’, were crossed with resistant PI accessions to develop F1, F2, and BC1 progenies in six families. A single recessive gene was found to control the resistance to PRSV-W in all three resistant PI accessions. Allelism tests indicated that the three PI accessions carry the same resistance allele to PRSV-W. The gene symbol ‘prv’ is proposed for PRSV-W resistance in PI 244017, PI 244019, and PI 485583 in watermelon.

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Genetic Diversity in the Desert Watermelon Citrullus colocynthis and its Relationship with Citrullus Species as Determined by High-frequency Oligonucleotides-targeting Active Gene Markers

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs03834-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 142 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Amnon Levi ◽

Alvin M. Simmons ◽

Laura Massey ◽

John Coffey ◽

W. Patrick Wechter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

High Frequency ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Citrullus Colocynthis ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽

Gene Markers ◽

Active Gene ◽

Plot Analysis ◽

Geographic Origins ◽

Relationship Of

Citrullus colocynthis (CC) is a viable source of genes for enhancing disease and pest resistance in common cultivated watermelon [Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (CLL)] cultivars. However, there is little information about genetic diversity within CC or the relationship of CC accessions to C. lanatus. In this study, we examined genetic diversity and relationships among 29 CC accessions collected in northern Africa, the Middle East, and Asia, and their relationships to 3 accessions and 3 cultivars of CLL, 12 accessions of citron melon [C. lanatus ssp. lanatus var. citroides (CLC)], and 1 accession representing the desert perennial Citrullus ecirrhosus (CE). Twenty-three high-frequency oligonucleotides-targeting active gene (HFO–TAG) primers were used to produce a total of 431 polymorphic fragments that target coding regions of the genome. Cluster and multidimensional scaling plot analysis, separated the CC into five groups, in general agreement with their geographic origins. CC genotypes admixed with CLL and CLC also were identified. Major reproductive barriers resulted in significantly reduced fertility in CC × CLL hybridizations. However, several of the U.S. PIs of CC were successfully crossed with watermelon cultivars using traditional breeding procedures, and the seeds produced from these crosses were viable. This suggests that CC can be a viable source to introduce biotic and abiotic stress resistance genes into cultivated watermelon.

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Efeito de diferentes variáveis na infetividade de estirpes fracas do Papaya ringspot virus em plantas de melancia

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582005000100007 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

José Segundo Giampan ◽

Jorge Alberto M. Rezende

Keyword(s):

Virus Type ◽

Cucurbita Pepo ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus

Este trabalho teve como objetivo inicial selecionar uma estirpe fraca do Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W) de bolhas de folhas de melancia (Citrullus lanatus) com mosaico. A infetividade dessa estirpe, PRSV-W-3, em plantas de melancia foi comparada com a das estirpes fracas PRSV-W-1 e PRSV-W-2, previamente selecionadas de bolhas de folhas de abobrinha de moita (Cucurbita pepo) cv. Caserta com mosaico. Além do efeito da origem da estirpe fraca na infetividade de plantas de melancia, avaliaram-se, ainda, os efeitos da concentração do inóculo, da espécie da planta fonte do inóculo e da idade da planta de melancia inoculada. Como controle, foi utilizada uma estirpe severa do vírus obtida de abobrinha de moita (PRSV-W-C). A avaliação do efeito da concentração e da espécie da planta fonte do inóculo foi feita com extratos de quatro, oito, 12 e 16 discos de folhas de abobrinha de moita e de melancia, infetadas separadamente com as estirpes fracas e severa, e diluídos em 2 ml de tampão fosfato. O efeito da idade da planta-teste de melancia foi estudado comparando-se plantas inoculadas em três estádios de desenvolvimento, com inóculos das estirpes do PRSV-W extraídos de 12 discos foliares/2 ml de tampão. Em todos os testes de infetividade, independente da concentração do inóculo, da planta fonte do inóculo e do estádio de desenvolvimento da planta-teste, a estirpe fraca PRSV-W-3 apresentou taxas de infetividade semelhantes as das estirpes PRSV-W-1 e PRSV-W-2, chegando a 100% em alguns casos. A infetividade da estirpe severa PRSV-W-C foi de 100%. A infetividade das três estirpes fracas está mais diretamente associada à intensidade de fricção das folhas no momento da inoculação do que às outras variáveis estudadas.

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Identificação sorológica de espécies de potyvirus em melancia, no estado de Roraima

Fitopatologia Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-41582004000600018 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 687-689 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bernardo A. Halfeld-Vieira ◽

Najara F. Ramos ◽

Francisco A.C. Rabelo Filho ◽

M. Fátima B. Gonçalves ◽

Katia L. Nechet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus

No período de maio de 2003 a março de 2004, foram coletadas amostras foliares de plantas de melancia (Citrullus lanatus) de 21 campos de cultivo de cucurbitáceas, no Estado de Roraima. As amostras exibiam diferentes sintomas de vírus e foram levadas para o Laboratório de Virologia Vegetal da Universidade Federal do Ceará para serem testadas por "enzyme linked immunosorbent assay" (Elisa)-indireto, contra anti-soros específicos para Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus estirpe melancia (PRSV-W), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Nos testes de Elisa, utilizou-se o conjugado universal, anti-imunoglobulina (IgG) de coelho produzida em cabra conjugada à enzima fosfatase alcalina. Todas as amostras foram testadas, também, por dupla difusão contra o anti-soro para Squash mosaic virus (SqMV). Os resultados indicaram a presença do PRSV-W em 84,2% das amostras coletadas em maio de 2003, em 7,1% das amostras coletadas em dezembro de 2003 e em 55,6% das amostras coletadas em março de 2004. A presença do ZYMV foi observada em 10,5% das amostras coletadas em maio de 2003, 21,4% das amostras coletadas em dezembro de 2003 e em 25,9% das amostras de março de 2004. O WMV foi detectado somente em oito das amostras coletadas em março de 2004 (29,6%). Os resultados desta pesquisa confirmam a ampla dispersão do PRSV-W em cultivos de cucurbitáceas no território brasileiro e a preocupante expansão do ZYMV em razão dos elevados prejuízos que o mesmo tem causado em outras partes do mundo.

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Fontes de resistência em melancia aos principais potyvírus isolados de cucurbitáceas no Nordeste brasileiro

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362002000400015 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 589-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vanuzia B. de Oliveira ◽

Manoel Abilio de Queiroz ◽

Albersio A. Lima

Keyword(s):

Mosaic Virus ◽

Virus Type ◽

Citrullus Lanatus ◽

Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Ringspot Virus ◽

Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽

Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽

Papaya Ringspot Virus

A melancia, Citrullus spp., pode ser infetada por várias espécies de vírus, dentre as quais se destacam as pertencentes à família Potyviridae. Visando identificar fontes de resistência a potyvírus, foi iniciado na UFC um programa de indexação do banco de germoplasma de melancia da Embrapa Semi-Árido. Foram utilizadas as espécies de potyvírus, isoladas de cucurbitáceas no Nordeste: Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W); Watermelon mosaic virus-2 (WMV-2) e Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). Dos 50 acessos de melancia avaliados, 37 pertencem a Citrullus lanatus, 9 a C. lanatus var. citroides e 4 a C. colocynthis. Em casa-de-vegetação foram inoculadas 4 plantas envasadas de cada acesso com PRSV-W, 4 com WMV-2 e 4 com ZYMV, ficando 4 sem inoculação. As inoculações foram efetuadas 8 dias após o plantio, e 15 dias depois. As plantas assintomáticas foram reinoculadas. As plantas que persistiram sem sintomas, após um período de 25 dias após a primeira inoculação, foram testadas por ELISA contra os anti-soros correspondentes. Dentre os acessos avaliados, 5 mostraram-se resistentes aos 3 vírus, um resistente somente ao PRSV-W, 21 resistentes somente ao ZYMV e nenhum com resistência isolada ao WMV-2. No entanto, 45 acessos apresentaram resistência ao ZYMV isoladamente ou em combinação com outro potyvírus. Os acessos suscetíveis, apresentaram sintomas 10 dias após a primeira inoculação enquanto que os resistentes permaneceram sem sintomas após a segunda inoculação e com resultados negativos em ELISA. Alguns acessos poderão ser cruzados visando obter populações segregantes para a seleção de indivíduos homozigotos recessivos e, juntamente com os acessos com resistência tripla identificados, ampliar a variabilidade genética de fontes quanto a características de planta e fruto.

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