scholarly journals Natural Infection of Citrullus colocynthis by Papaya ringspot virus-W in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1748-1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Naeimifar ◽  
R. Pourrahim ◽  
G. Zadehdabagh
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
The Impact

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) is economically important due to its worldwide distribution and because it can cause serious losses in both cucurbit crops and papaya (3). PRSV has been previously reported from cucurbit crops in Iran (2). In Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran, cucurbit crops, including cucumber, melon, squash, pumpkin, and watermelon, are grown on about 30,000 ha with 720,000 t production annually. To identify possible alternative hosts that may serve as PRSV reservoirs, samples of 36 different common weed species (17 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic) including Amaranthus sp. (slim amaranth), Carthamus sp. (safflower), Chenopodium album L. (lamb squarters), Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (colocynth), Convolvulus arvensis L. (field bindweed), Datura stramonium L. (jimson weed), Euphorbia sp. (wart weed), Malva sylvestirs L. (common malva), Solanum nigrum L. (black nightshade), and Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (prickly sow-thistle) were collected in cucurbit open fields during 2012 to 2013 in Khuzestan Province, where PRSV symptoms were observed. Symptoms on weed samples included mottling, mosaic, blistering, cholorosis, vein clearing, interveinal yellowing, yellows, necrosis, leaf distortion, and curling. Samples were tested by DAS-ELISA with specific antisera against PRSV using reagents from Bioreba (Switzerland). Three of the 36 weed samples belonging to C. colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae) with mottling and chlorosis symptoms were positive for PRSV by ELISA. Leaf extracts from PRSV ELISA-positive samples were mechanically inoculated onto indicator host plants, causing local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and systemic symptoms on Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, and Cucurbita pepo, but could not produce symptoms on Nicotiana glutinosa, N. tabacum cv. White Burley, or N. tabacum cv. Xanthi. Total RNA was extracted from infected leaves using Tri-reagent (Sigma) and first-strand cDNA synthesis was performed using M-MuLV reverse transcriptase (Fermentas, Lithuania), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The presence of PRSV was confirmed by RT-PCR using primers for the complete coat protein (CP) gene of PRSV-W (forward 5′-GCAGCAATGATAGAGTCATG-3′ and reverse 5′-AACACACAAGCGCGAGTATTCA-3′) (1). The complete CP nucleotide sequence of three Iranian PRSV isolates consisted of 864 nt, coding for a 288 amino acid (aa) protein. Subsequent analysis showed that the CP nucleotide sequences of Iranian isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. KM047884 to KM047886) from C. colocynthis samples were identical. Furthermore, BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that the Iranian isolates shared the highest identity (96%) with the Chinese PRSV isolate (DQ449533). PRSV-W has been previously reported from different cucurbits using serological and biological detection (2); however, this result provides the first molecular demonstration, to our knowledge, of PRSV-W on C. colocynthis. C. colocynthis is a perennial weed in West and South Iran. This information on the natural infection of C. colocynthis with PSRV-W will help to better understand PRSV epidemiology and to develop a successful management program for reducing the impact of this disease. References: (1) A. Ali et al. Plant Dis. 96:243, 2012. (2) K. Bananej and A. Vahdat. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 47:247, 2008. (3) D. J. Purcifull et al. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses. No. 292, 1984.

scholarly journals Complete Nucleotide Sequence and Genetic Organization of Papaya Ringspot Virus RNA

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2531-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-D. Yeh ◽  
F.-J. Jan ◽  
C.-H. Chiang ◽  
T.-J. Doong ◽  
M.-C. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Genetic Organization ◽  
Virus Rna

scholarly journals Resistance to Papaya ringspot virus-Watermelon Strain (PRSV-W) in the Desert Watermelon Citrullus colocynthis

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Levi ◽  
John Coffey ◽  
Laura Massey ◽  
Nihat Guner ◽  
Elad Oren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Indian Desert

The bitter desert watermelon, Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is a wild species valuable for biotic and abiotic stress resistance that could be exploited for improving watermelon cultivars [Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsum & Nakai var. lanatus]. The objective of this study was to survey and identify C. colocynthis accessions displaying resistance to the Papaya ringspot virus-watermelon strain (PRSV-W). Thirty-one accessions of C. colocynthis, collected in Africa, the Middle East, southwest Asia, and India were evaluated for PRSV-W resistance. Of these 31 accessions, 4 U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) accessions, including 525080 (collected in Qena, Egypt) and PI 537277, PI 652554, and Griffin 14201 (collected at the northern Indian desert of Rajasthan and the neighboring region of Punjab, Pakistan) showed high resistance to PRSV-W. Plants of these four resistant PIs were self-pollinated to produce S1 and S2 seeds that continued to maintain the high levels of PRSV resistance. Since there is a wide genetic distance between watermelon cultivars and C. colocynthis, we performed crosses and backcrosses with watermelon cultivars, including ‘Charleston Gray’ and ‘Sugar Baby’ to produce viable seed that would be useful in the development of genetic populations and in introducing the resistance into watermelon cultivars.

scholarly journals Comparação da seqüência de nucleotídeos do gene da proteína capsidial de estirpes severas e premunizantes do Papaya ringspot virus

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia G. S. Della Vecchia ◽  
Luis E. A. Camargo ◽  
Jorge A. M. Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Core Region ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cp Gene

This study compared three mild and three severe strains of Papaya ringspot virus - type W (PRSV-W), based on nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the capsid protein (CP) gene. The CP nucleotide sequences of the mild strains shared 98% to 100% identity. When compared to the severe strains the identity ranged from 93% to 95%, except in the case of PRSV-W-2R, which resulted from reversion of the mild strains PRSV-W-2. The CP sequence of the reverting strain showed 100% identity with the sequence of its parental strain. An insertion of six nucleotides in the core region of the CP gene, which reflected the addition of two amino acids (Asn and Asp) in the deduced sequence of the protein, was found in all mild strains. These sequence comparisons were used to design strain-specific primers that were used to specifically amplify regions for either the mild or severe strains.

scholarly journals Papaya Ringspot Virus Isolates From Papaya in Bangladesh: Detection, Characterization, and Distribution

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 2920-2924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Hamim ◽  
Maher Al Rwahnih ◽  
Wayne B. Borth ◽  
Jon Y. Suzuki ◽  
Michael J. Melzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Recombinant Event

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is the major constraint to papaya (Carica papaya) production in Bangladesh. Disease symptoms occurred in 90 to 100% of the plants surveyed. Full-length genomes of PRSV strains from severely infected papaya plants were determined using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform, followed by Sanger DNA sequencing of viral genomes obtained by reverse-transcription PCR(RT-PCR). The genome sequences of two distinct PRSV strains, PRSV BD-1 (10,300 bp) and PRSV BD-2 (10,325 bp) were 74 and 83% identical to each other, respectively, at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. PRSV BD-1 and PRSV BD-2 were 74 to 75% and 79 to 88% identical, respectively, to other full-length PRSV sequences at the nucleotide level. Based on phylogenetic analysis, PRSV BD-2 was most closely related to PRSV-Meghalaya (MF356497) from papaya in India. PRSV BD-1 formed a branch distinct from the other PRSV sequences based on nucleotide and amino acid sequence comparisons. Comparisons of the genome sequences of these two strains with other sequenced PRSV genomes indicated two putative recombination events in PRSV BD-2. One recombinant event contained a 2,766-nucleotide fragment highly identical to PRSV-Meghalaya (MF356497). The other recombinant event contained a 5,105-nucleotide fragment highly identical to PRSV-China (KY933061). The occurrence rates of PRSV BD-1 and PRSV BD-2 in the sampled areas of Bangladesh were approximately 19 and 69%, respectively. Plants infected with both strains (11%) exhibited more severe symptoms than plants infected with either strain alone. The full-length genome sequences of these new PRSV strains and their distribution provide important information regarding the dynamics of papaya ringspot virus infections in papaya in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals First Report of Papaya ringspot virus on Papaya in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pourrahim ◽  
Sh. Farzadfar ◽  
A. R. Golnaraghi ◽  
N. Shahraeen
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
First Report ◽  
Fruit Samples

Papaya, a popular fruit crop native to the American tropics, was introduced to the southern tropical provinces of Iran in the 1990s and its cultivation is widely increasing in these areas. During April 2000, severe leaf distortion and mottling were observed on papaya trees (Carica papaya) in Hormozgan Province in southern Iran. Affected trees were stunted and yielded less fruit. Samples of papaya leaf extracts (1:10 wt/vol) in 0.01 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) were mechanically inoculated on indicator host plants, causing local lesions on Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa and chlorotic spots followed by systemic mosaic symptoms on Cucurbita pepo. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) was detected in the leaf samples of papaya plants and the inoculated Cucurbita pepo plants using double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) with PRSV-specific antisera (polyclonal antibody AS-0086 and PV-0244, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). PRSV causes one of the most destructive diseases of papaya worldwide (1). PRSV has been previously reported from Citrullus vulgaris and Cucumis melo from Iran as Watermelon mosaic virus 1 (2), but to our knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of PRSV on papaya in Iran. References: (1) D. E. Purcifull et al. Papaya ringspot virus. No. 292. CMI/AAB, Surrey, England, 1984. (2) F. Ebrahim-Nesbat. Phytopathol. Z. 79:352, 1974.

scholarly journals Detection and Diagnosis of Virus Diseases of Pelargonium

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon L. Jordan ◽  
Abed Gera ◽  
Hei-Ti Hsu ◽  
Andre Franck ◽  
Gad Loebenstein
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Sequence Information ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Genomic Rnas

Pelargonium (Geranium) is the number one pot plant in many areas of the United States and Europe. Israel and the U.S. send to Europe rooted cuttings, foundation stocks and finished plants to supply a certain share of the market. Geraniums are propagated mainly vegetatively from cuttings. Consequently, viral diseases have been and remain a major threat to the production and quality of the crop. Among the viruses isolated from naturally infected geraniums, 11 are not specific to Pelargonium and occur in other crops while 6 other viruses seem to be limited to geranium. However, several of these viruses are not sufficiently characterized to conclude that they are distinct agents and their nomenclature and taxonomy are confusing. The ability to separate, distinguish and detect the different viruses in geranium will overcome obstacles te developing effective detection and certification schemes. Our focus was to further characterize some of these viruses and develop better methods for their detection and control. These viruses include: isolates of pelargonium line pattern virus (PLPV), pelargonium ringspot virus (PelRSV), pelargonium flower break virus (PFBV), pelargonium leaf curl (PLCV), and tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV). Twelve hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies specific to a geranium isolate of TomRSV were produced. These antibodies are currently being characterized and will be tested for the ability to detect TomRSV in infected geraniums. The biological, biochemical and serological properties of four isometric viruses - PLPV, PelRSV, and PFBV (and a PelRSV-like isolate from Italy called GR57) isolated from geraniums exhibiting line and ring pattern or flower break symptoms - and an isolate ol elderbeny latent virus (ELV; which the literature indicates is the same as PelRSV) have been determined Cloned cDNA copies of the genomic RNAs of these viruses were sequenced and the sizes and locations of predicted viral proteins deduced. A portion of the putative replicase genes was also sequenced from cloned RT-PCR fragments. We have shown that, when compared to the published biochemical and serological properties, and sequences and genome organizations of other small isometric plant viruses, all of these viruses should each be considered new, distinct members of the Carmovirus group of the family Tombusviridae. Hybridization assays using recombinant DNA probes also demonstrated that PLPV, PelRSV, and ELV produce only one subgenomic RNA in infected plants. This unusual property of the gene expression of these three viruses suggests that they are unique among the Carmoviruses. The development of new technologies for the detection of these viruses in geranium was also demonstrated. Hybridization probes developed to PFBV (radioactively-labeled cRNA riboprobes) and to PLPV (non-radioactive digoxigenin-labeled cDNAs) were generally shown to be no more sensitive for the detection of virus in infected plants than the standard ELISA serology-based assays. However, a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay was shown to be over 1000 times more sensitive in detecting PFBV in leaf extracts of infected geranium than was ELISA. This research has lead to a better understanding of the identity of the viruses infecting pelargonium and to the development of new tools that can be used in an improved scheme of providing virus-indexed pelargonium plants. The sequence information, and the serological and cloned DNA probes generated from this work, will allow the application of these new tools for virus detection, which will be useful in domestic and international indexing programs which are essential for the production of virus-free germplasm both for domestic markets and the international exchange of plant material.

scholarly journals First report of groundnut ringspot virus infecting Zinnia sp. in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Franco de Oliveira ◽  
Gabriel Madoglio Favara ◽  
Camila Geovana Ferro ◽  
Heron Delgado Kraide ◽  
Eike Yudi Nishimura Carmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Concentric Ring ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
First Report ◽  
Two Samples

Zinnia sp. is a genus belonging to Asteraceae family, originated in Mexico and adapted to a warm-hot climate (Hemmati and Mehrnoosh, 2017). Several types of zinnias with different flower color and forms are cultivated in Brazil (Min et al., 2020 and Souza Jr. et al., 2020). Characteristic symptoms of infection caused by orthotospovirus, including chlorotic spots and concentric rings on the leaves, were observed in two plants of Zinnia sp. of a florist located in the city of Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Orthotospovirus-like particles were observed by transmission electron microscope in leaf extracts from both plants, stained negatively with 1% uranyl acetate. By analyzing ultrathin sections of infected leaf tissues, particles of 80-100 nm in diameter were found in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and nucleocapsid aggregates in the cytoplasm. Total RNA extracted separately from the leaves of both samples, using the Purelink Viral DNA / RNA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), was used to detect the virus by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using the universal primers for orthotospovirus BR60, complementary to the 3’ end of the non-translated region of the S RNA (position 1 to 15 nt), and BR65, matching the nucleocapsid gene (N) (position 433 to 453 nt), generating and amplicon of 453 nt (Eiras et al., 2001). Amplicons of the expected size were obtained for the two samples. An amplicon was purified with the Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System kit (Promega) and sequenced in both directions at Macrogen Inc (South Korea). The nucleotide sequence (GenBank MW629018) showed 99.29-99.76% identity with nucleotide sequences of the orthotospovirus groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV) isolates (GenBank MH686229 and KY400110). Leaf extracts from symptomatic plants were also analyzed by plate-trapped antigen-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA), using polyclonal antiserum produced against the GRSV nucleocapsid protein (Esquivel et al., 2019). The absorbance values obtained for the extracts of the two symptomatic plants of Zinnia sp. (1.3 and 1.7) were twice as high as the value obtained for the healthy plant extract (0.5). Leaf extract of symptomatic Zinnia sp. was inoculated mechanically onto leaves of healthy plants of Zinnia sp., Capsicum annuum cv. Dara, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita pepo cv. Caserta, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana tabacum cv. Turkish and Solanum lycopersicum cv. Compack. At 5 days post inoculation (dpi), inoculated leaves of D. stramonium reacted with local lesions, and at 9 dpi, newly developed leaves of inoculated S. lycopersicum plants showed necrotic spot and concentric ring symptoms, whereas C. annuum exhibited concentric rings at 10 dpi. Inoculated zinnia plants showed systemic chlorotic spot and concentric ring symptoms at 20 dpi, indistinguishable from those observed under natural infection. The other inoculated plant species were not symptomatic, nor the virus was detected. PTA-ELISA and RT-PCR confirmed infection with GRSV in symptomatic plants. The amplicons generated by RT-PCR of total RNA extracted from an experimentally infected plant of C. annuum and D. stramonium, and two plants of Zinnia sp. were sent for nucleotide sequencing. The obtained nucleotide sequences (MW629019, MW629020, MW629021, MW629022) shares 100% identity with the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the original GRSV isolate (MW629018) identified in Zinnia sp. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of GRSV in Zinnia sp. in Brazil. Studies on incidence and damage are needed to recommend alternatives for management.

scholarly journals First Report of Papaya ringspot virus Infecting Zucchini Plants in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hasiów-Jaroszewska ◽  
N. Borodynko ◽  
N. Rymelska ◽  
H. Pospieszny
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Papaya Ringspot Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Fruit Samples

Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), a member of the aphid-transmitted genus Potyvirus, is the cause of a destructive disease and a major limiting factor for papaya and cucurbit cultivation worldwide. The virus occurs in China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Mexico, Taiwan, and the United States. Its P biotype is a devastating pathogen of papaya crops and its W biotype is a pathogen of cucurbits (4). In 2009, zucchini plants with leaf mosaic and marbled fruit were collected from the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region of Poland. Samples came from the same region where Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) (3) and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) (1) have been found previously. Forty leaf and ten fruit samples of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo cv. giromontina) were tested by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA with commercial antisera against WMV, ZYMV, and PRSV (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany). PRSV was found in two samples tested. Leaf extracts from infected plants were mechanically inoculated onto Carborundum-dusted leaves of the following indicator plants: Cucumis sativus, Chenopodium quinoa, Cucurbita pepo, Nicotiana benthamiana, and N. tabacum cv. Xanthi. After 2 weeks, symptoms of leaf chlorosis on cucumber and chlorotic lesions on zucchini were observed. Total RNA was extracted from infected leaves with a phenol-chloroform based extraction procedure. The presence of PRSV was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR reaction using primers 04-02 and 04-04, which amplify the coat protein gene (2). Amplified DNA was gel purified with a Qiaex Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and cloned into pGEM-T easy (Promega, Madison, WI). Overlapping sequences were obtained using universal M13F and M13R primers. BioEdit software ( http://www.mbio.ncsu.edu/BioEdit/bioedit.html ) was used to assemble the nucleotide consensus sequence. The obtained sequence (861 bp encoding 287 amino acids) was deposited in the GenBank database under Accession No. GQ927328. The comparison with PRSV sequences retrieved from the GenBank database were carried out to investigate the genetic diversity between Polish PRSV isolates and establish their molecular relationships to the previously characterized PRSV isolates from different parts of the world. The sequences of PRSV Polish isolates obtained from two infected plant samples were identical. Comparisons revealed that the Polish isolate designated PRSV-BON shared the highest identity (97%) with three Australian isolates (U14739, U14740, and U14744). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PRSV infecting zucchini plants in Poland. The occurrence of subtropic viruses like PRSV in Poland indicated the introduction of new pathogens that likely affect cucurbit production in this country and beyond. References: (1) N. Borodynko et al. Plant Pathol. 58:783, 2009. (2) M. Chin et al. Arch. Virol. 152:2101, 2007. (3) H. Pospieszny et al. Plant Dis. 91:639, 2007. (4) D. J. Purcifull et al. CMI/AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses. No. 292, 1984.

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