scholarly journals Alleviation of Postharvest Skin Dimpling of MN55 Apple Fruit and a Possible Association with Apple stem pitting virus

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Cindy B.S. Tong ◽  
Hsueh-Yuan Chang ◽  
James J. Luby ◽  
David Bedford ◽  
Benham E.L. Lockhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Apple Stem ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Apple Stem Pitting Virus ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stem Pitting

MN55 is an apple (Malus ×domestica Borkh.) cultivar recently released by the University of Minnesota apple breeding program, with fruit marketed in the U.S. as Rave®. When stored for 4 months at 0 to 4 °C, MN55 fruit can develop several storage disorders, including skin dimpling. Skin dimpling incidence was greater for fruit harvested 1 week later than those harvested earlier. Dimpling was not alleviated by prestorage treatments of 1-methylcyclopropene or diphenylamine or by holding fruit at room temperature for 1 day before long-term cold storage. However, dimpling incidence was very low when fruit were stored at 6 to 7 °C. Because viruses have been implicated in other fruit dimpling disorders, the presence of viruses in MN55 leaves and fruit was studied. Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) was detected by microscopy, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methodology, and high throughput sequencing (HTS) in peel of fruit from MN55 trees that exhibited skin dimpling after 4 months of storage at 0 to 1 °C. ASPV was also detected in supermarket-purchased fruit of other cultivars with noticeable skin dimpling. Although ASPV was not conclusively demonstrated to cause skin dimpling in our work, its prevalence indicates that further investigations are warranted to determine the relationship between viruses and skin deformities in stored apples.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Apple stem pitting virus and Apple stem grooving virus within field-grown apple cultivars evaluated by RT-PCR

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 88-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Apple Stem Grooving Virus ◽  
Apple Stem ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Apple Stem Pitting Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting

The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was successfully used to determine the occurrence of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) in field-grown apple cultivars. Both viruses were detected frequently in all 16 tested apple cultivars. As many as 27.86% ASPV-infected and 44% ASGV-infected trees were recorded among a total of 420 tested trees from 15 different orchards. Mixed infection with ASGV and ASPV was recorded in 16.7% of the trees.  

scholarly journals Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Apple stem pitting virus in Apple Trees Through RNA Amplification and Probing with Fluorescent Molecular Beacons

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Klerks ◽  
G. Leone ◽  
J. L. Lindner ◽  
C. D. Schoen ◽  
J. F. J. M. van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
Molecular Beacons ◽  
Fluorescent Detection ◽  
Rna Amplification ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Apple Stem ◽  
Bark Tissue ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
Apple Stem Pitting Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting

Currently, detection of Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV; genus Foveavirus) in apple trees for certification purposes occurs by woody indexing. This method requires a minimum of 12 to 24 weeks in greenhouse testing to up to 2 years in field testing. In this paper, the development of a single tube AmpliDet RNA system for the rapid gel-free detection of ASPV in apple tree tissues is described. The system relies on the specific amplification of the viral RNA by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and the simultaneous fluorescent detection of the amplification product through molecular beacons. A sensitivity of a minimum of 100 molecules of transcript RNA was obtained by the ASPV-specific AmpliDet RNA. All biologically characterized ASPV isolates from a field trial and 12 of 14 isolates from a plant virus collection were readily detected with this AmpliDet RNA system. In addition, the efficiency of this method for detecting ASPV in ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Gravenstein’ apple trees was compared throughout the year with mechanical inoculation onto Nicotiana occidentalis 37B, a candidate indicator for ASPV. This revealed that only AmpliDet RNA consistently detected the virus in bark tissue, irrespective of the season. Season-specific tissues such as buds, petals, and fruits, but not leaves, also were reliable sources for detection of ASPV by the AmpliDet RNA system.

CURE OF THREE PATIENTS WHO HAD SKELETAL METASTASES IN DISSEMINATED NEUROBLASTOMA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Douglas Reilly ◽  
Mark E. Nesbit ◽  
William Krivit
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Skeletal Metastases ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Skeletal Involvement ◽  
The University

The long-term survival of three children with disseminated skeletal metastases due to neuroblastoma is reported. These three patients are added to eight other patients reported in the literature who have survived longer than 2 years after the development of their metastatic osseous lesions. A review of the cases did not reveal a specific treatment regime which provided the success in these cases. The presence of skeletal involvement, therefore, should not indicate a hopeless prognosis. A review of 33 patients with neuroblastoma at the University of Minnesota from 1956-1966 is also given to provide overall survival data.

Optimization of tissue and time for rapid serological and molecular detection of Apple stem pitting virus and Apple stem grooving virus in apple’

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Un Nabi ◽  
Javid Iqbal Mir ◽  
Om Chand Sharma ◽  
Desh Beer Singh ◽  
Shafia Zaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Apple Stem Grooving Virus ◽  
Apple Stem ◽  
Apple Stem Pitting Virus ◽  
Stem Pitting

scholarly journals Growth and clorophyll content dynamics of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different cropyear

2013 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Enikő Vári
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Rotation System ◽  
Crop Rotation System ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The experiments were carried out at the Látókép experimental station of the University of Debrecen on chernozem soil in a long term winter wheat experiment in the season of 2011 and 2012 in triculture (pea-wheat-maize) and biculture (wheat-maize) at three fertilisation levels (control, N50+P35K40, N150+P105K120). Two different cropyears were compared (2011 and 2012). The research focused on the effects of forecrop and fertilisation on the Leaf Area Index, SPAD values and the amount of yield in two different cropyears. We wanted to find out how the examined parameters were affected by the cropyear and what the relationship was between these two parameters and the changes of the amount of yield. Examining the effects of growing doses of fertilizers applied, results showed that yields increased significantly in both rotations until the N150+PK level in 2011 and 2012. By comparing the two years, results show that in 2011 there was a greater difference in yields between the rotations (7742 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the biculture and 9830 kg ha-1 at N150+PK in the triculture). Though wheat yields following peas were greater in 2012, results equalized later on at N150+PK levels (8109–8203 kg ha-1). Due to the favorable agrotechnical factors, the leaf and the effects of the treatments grown to a great extent in 2011, while in 2012 the differences between treatments were moderate. Until the N150+PK level, nitrogen fertilisation had a notable effect on the maximum amount of SPAD values (59.1 in the case of the biculture and 54.0 in the triculture). The highest SPAD values were measured at the end of May (during the time of flowering and grain filling) in the biculture. In the triculture, showed high SPAD values from the beginning. The same tendency could be observed in the 2012 cropyear, although increasing doses of fertilizers resulted in higher SPAD values until N150+PK level only from the second measurement. Maximum SPAD values were reached at the end of May in both crop rotation system

Effect of Antenatal Administration of Betamethasone on Hospital Costs and Survival of Premature Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana E. Johnson ◽  
David P. Munson ◽  
Theodore R. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Hospital Charges ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The University

Prenatal administration of glucocorticoids has been shown to decrease the incidence and severity of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants, but little is known regarding the immediate economic impact of this reduction in respiratory morbidity. This study retrospectively examined 342 infants born during 1978 and 1979 and hospitalized in the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Comparison of survival and the hospital charges for infants whose mothers had or had not received prenatal glucocorticoid therapy showed that administration of glucocorticoids had a significant effect in lowering mortality in infants with birth weights between 750 and 1,249 gm (27 to 29 weeks' gestation). Glucocorticoid therapy was also effective in decreasing morbidity as reflected by hospital charges of surviving infants with birth weights between 1,250 and 1,749 gm (30 to 32 weeks' gestation). In both steroid-treated and nontreated mothers, prolongation of gestation decreases hospital charges in a linear fashion. The noted decrease in hospital costs should not justify prenatal glucocorticoid administration but should stimulate examination of long-term effects of the drug on surviving infants.

scholarly journals Updating the Quarantine Status of Prunus Infecting Viruses in Australia

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wycliff M. Kinoti ◽  
Narelle Nancarrow ◽  
Alison Dann ◽  
Brendan C. Rodoni ◽  
Fiona E. Constable
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
First Report ◽  
Hop Stunt Viroid ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Stem Pitting

One hundred Prunus trees, including almond (P. dulcis), apricot (P. armeniaca), nectarine (P. persica var. nucipersica), peach (P. persica), plum (P. domestica), purple leaf plum (P. cerasifera) and sweet cherry (P. avium), were selected from growing regions Australia-wide and tested for the presence of 34 viruses and three viroids using species-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. In addition, the samples were tested using some virus family or genus-based RT-PCR tests. The following viruses were detected: Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) (13/100), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) (1/100), Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) (4/100), Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) (2/100), Cherry virus A (CVA) (14/100), Little cherry virus 2 (LChV2) (3/100), Plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) (4/100), Prune dwarf virus (PDV) (3/100), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) (52/100), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) (9/100) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) (6/100). The results showed that PNRSV is widespread in Prunus trees in Australia. Metagenomic high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics analysis were used to characterise the genomes of some viruses that were detected by RT-PCR tests and Apricot latent virus (ApLV), Apricot vein clearing associated virus (AVCaV), Asian Prunus Virus 2 (APV2) and Nectarine stem pitting-associated virus (NSPaV) were also detected. This is the first report of ApLV, APV2, CGRMV, CNRNV, LChV1, LChV2, NSPaV and PBNSPaV occurring in Australia. It is also the first report of ASGV infecting Prunus species in Australia, although it is known to infect other plant species including pome fruit and citrus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document