scholarly journals Measurement of Apple Root Losses Associated with Cold Storage and Elutriation of Soil Core Samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-584
Author(s):  
W. Todd Watson ◽  
David N. Appel ◽  
Charles M. Kenerley ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Correction Curve ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Length Data ◽  
And Storage

Effects of washing and storing soil core samples of apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf. (syn. M. domestica Borkh. non Poir.)] roots were studied to determine root losses from processing samples. Root losses were assessed by measuring root lengths before and after elutriation and storage at 4 °C (39.2 °F). The accuracy of the automated root length scanner to measure individual fine roots [<1 mm (0.04 inch) diameter] of varying lengths was evaluated by first measuring roots, then cutting the roots into 2 to 3 cm (0.79 to 1.18 inch) lengths and rescanning. There was a significant relationship between the measurement of cut and noncut roots (r2 = 0.93). Losses from elutriating samples with cut and noncut roots indicated a mean loss of50% for samples with cut roots and 34% for samples with noncut roots (P ≤ 0.01). Total mean root loss (elutriation loss of noncut roots and degradation loss in cold storage) for the 12-month period ranged from 34% at month 0% to 53% at month 12 (P ≤ 0.01). Mean root degradation losses from long-term cold storage ranged from 6% at month 1 to 19% at month 12 (P ≤ 0.01). No losses were identified for roots with diameters of 1 to 5 mm (0.04 to 0.20 inch) and 5 to 10 mm (0.20 to 0.39 inch). A data correction curve was developed to correct root length data (<1 mm) for root losses associated with processing of soil cores.

Root biomass in timothy and red clover leys estimated by soil coring and mesh bags

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Steen
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Root Decomposition ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mesh Bags

SUMMARYRoot biomass of timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.), at low and high N fertilization rates, and of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were estimated with soil cores and in mesh bags in a field trial on a sandy loam in central Sweden. First and second full-harvest year leys were sampled three times each year from May to October. Mesh bags were inserted in the soil in autumn shortly after sowing (longterm bags); in spring and autumn of the first year and in spring of the second year (medium-term bags); and every third month during both years (short-term bags). Mesh bags of each type were sampled when the soil cores were taken.Root biomass in the long-term bags was generally about the same as that in the soil cores, but taproot biomass in the clover crop was underestimated in the bags. In the grass plots, differences between soil cores and mesh bags were probably caused by ingrowth of weed roots in bags and by larger root biomass in plant rows than between rows. If soil cores and long-term mesh bags are sampled in exactly the same way identical estimates of biomass should be obtained.Root biomass in short-term and medium-term bags was about the same as that in the soil cores and long-term bags on many of the sampling occasions. Thus a stable level of biomass was reached in a rather short time, i.e. after 3 months or less. Then root production, root mortality and root decomposition occurred simultaneously at a fairly constant level.The bags did not contain residues from earlier crops, which reduced the amount of separation work necessary. The absence of crop residues in the bags did not seem to affect root biomass.The mesh bag method is a useful alternative to soil core sampling for studying root biomass and root dynamics in perennial and annual crops. However, the bags must be inserted into the soil just after sowing and they must be placed in, as well as between, plant rows.

Tolerance of conifer fine roots to cold storage

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
And Storage

Fine-root electrolyte leakage from 2-year-old planting stock of three conifer species was measured on 13 dates between October 1989 and April 1990. The three species (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr., Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and Larixleptolepis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Gord.) were raised using either transplanting or undercutting and wrenching regimes. On each lifting date, excised fine roots were stored at 1 °C for 30 and 90 days. The deterioration of the fine roots was assessed by comparing electrolyte leakage values before and after storage. As the lifting date progressed from October to mid-December all three species became less adversely affected by storage, indicating that roots undergo physiological changes that increase their tolerance to prolonged cold storage. The interaction between lifting date and storage duration on fine-root quality differed in the three species. For example, Piceasitchensis could tolerate 90 days' storage commencing at any time from mid-December till early April with negligible root damage. Pseudotsugamenziesii could not tolerate 90 days' storage at any time of year, and tolerance to 30 days' storage was limited and could be substantially reversed. Fine roots of Larixleptolepis were only slightly damaged after 90 days' storage beginning from mid-November to the end of December.

scholarly journals Effect of growing conditions and storage on the total anthocyanin content in potatoes with coloured flesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 435-440
Author(s):  
Hamouz Karel ◽  
Lachman Jaromír ◽  
Bečka David ◽  
Pulkrábek Josef
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
And Storage

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cultivar, flesh colour, location, year and long-term cold storage on the total anthocyanin content (TAC) in the tubers of 12 potato cultivars with coloured flesh. TAC ranged from 17.0 to 750.1 mg cyanidin/kg fresh matter and was significantly affected by the genotype of the cultivar. The highest TAC was achieved in a three-year average in the cv. Vitelotte (371.0 mg/kg FM, 1.15–8.10 times higher than in the other cultivars). The purple or red colour of the flesh had no significant effect on the TAC. A significantly higher TAC (1.24 times) was determined in the Valečov location with a cooler climate in comparison with the Uhříněves location with a warmer climate. The TAC was significantly influenced by year, the highest values were found at both sites in the year with significant water stress. Storage (4°C, 6 months) significantly affected the TAC in seven out of eight cultivars; the TAC increased in four cultivars and decreased in three cultivars. This is probably due to different disposition of cultivars for the accumulation of sugars during cold storage.  

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

The role of probiotics in correction of microbiocenosis and cytokine balance of the oral cavity of patient with chronic inflammatory disease of periodont

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
E. S. Ovcharenko ◽  
V. V. Erichev ◽  
S. I. Risovannij ◽  
T. V. Aksenova ◽  
S. V. Melekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Before And After

Relevance. A long-term inflammation in the oral cavity, unreasonable treatment of periodontal patients with antibiotics cause imbalance between certain types of fungal-bacterial associations accompanied by oral dysbiosis and change of local immune status. So, development and application of new comprehensive diagnosis and treatment techniques in periodontal patients, use of products for correction of microbiota and local immunity are a current and a long-term task. Purpose is to optimize the comprehensive treatment protocol of inflammatory periodontal diseases by introducing probiotics and evaluation of oral microbiome and cytokine profile.Materials and methods. 140 patients were examined. Of these 60 patients had chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and 60 patients suffered from moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. Bacterial and fungal microbiome was assessed and the host immune response was evaluated in all patients before and after the treatment. Half of the patients were treated conventionally and the other half were treated according to a modified scheme: probiotic “Bifidumbacterin Forte” was added.Results. A large number of yeast-like fungi Candida and commensal bacteria were detected in periodontal pockets of patients with chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. That correlates with a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL—8), decrease of concentration of INF-γ and increase of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-4.Conclusion. Changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological values during a modified combination therapy with a probiotic and during a conventional treatment demonstrated that effectiveness of treatment of chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis increased by 40% and 37% respectively.

MODERN PROBLEMATICS AND ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO DESTRUCTION OF INFORMATION ON MAGNETIC MEDIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
O. Semenenko ◽  
O. Vodchyts ◽  
V. Koverga ◽  
R. Lukash ◽  
O. Lutsenko
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Magnetic Media ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage

The introduction and active use of information transmission and storage systems in the Ministry of Defense (MoD) of Ukraine form the need to develop ways of guaranteed removal of data from media after their use or long-term storage. Such a task is an essential component of the functioning of any information security system. The article analyzes the problems of guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media. An overview of approaches to the guaranteed destruction of information on magnetic media of different types is presented, and partial estimates of the effectiveness of their application are given by some generally accepted indicators of performance evaluation. The article also describes the classification of methods of destruction of information depending on the influence on its medium. The results of the analysis revealed the main problems of application of software methods and methods of demagnetization of the information carrier. The issue of guaranteed destruction of information from modern SSD devices, which are actively used in the formation of new systems of information accumulation and processing, became particularly relevant in the article. In today's conditions of development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, methods of mechanical and thermal destruction are more commonly used today. In the medium term, the vector of the use of information elimination methods will change towards the methods of physical impact by the pulsed magnetic field and the software methods that allow to store the information storage device, but this today requires specialists to develop new ways of protecting information in order to avoid its leakage.

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