Tolerance of conifer fine roots to cold storage

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
And Storage

Fine-root electrolyte leakage from 2-year-old planting stock of three conifer species was measured on 13 dates between October 1989 and April 1990. The three species (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr., Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco, and Larixleptolepis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Gord.) were raised using either transplanting or undercutting and wrenching regimes. On each lifting date, excised fine roots were stored at 1 °C for 30 and 90 days. The deterioration of the fine roots was assessed by comparing electrolyte leakage values before and after storage. As the lifting date progressed from October to mid-December all three species became less adversely affected by storage, indicating that roots undergo physiological changes that increase their tolerance to prolonged cold storage. The interaction between lifting date and storage duration on fine-root quality differed in the three species. For example, Piceasitchensis could tolerate 90 days' storage commencing at any time from mid-December till early April with negligible root damage. Pseudotsugamenziesii could not tolerate 90 days' storage at any time of year, and tolerance to 30 days' storage was limited and could be substantially reversed. Fine roots of Larixleptolepis were only slightly damaged after 90 days' storage beginning from mid-November to the end of December.

Electrolyte leakage from fine roots of conifer seedlings: a rapid index of plant vitality following cold storage

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1371-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Plant Vitality

Two-year-old Sitka spruce (Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Cam), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), and Japanese larch (Larixleptolepis (Sieb. & Zucc.) Gord.) were cold-stored at 1 °C for 1 to 6 months. In April at the end of the cold storage period, root growth potential and electrolyte leakage from the fine roots were assessed and related to plant survival and height growth. After cold storage, seedlings were planted on a second-rotation, cultivated site. In two experiments planted in 1989 and 1990, fine-root electrolyte leakage was closely correlated with survival and height growth. Fine-root leakage has also practical advantages over other available methods of assessing plant vitality after cold storage.

scholarly journals Desiccation Tolerance of Green Ash and Sugar Maple Fine Roots

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Root Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Bare Root

Abstract Exposed fine roots are subject to desiccation, which may affect their survival as well as new root growth following bare root transplanting. Fine roots of dormant 1-year-old green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) seedlings, subjected to desiccation treatments of 0, 1, 2, or 3 hours in December and March, lost up to 82 percent of their water. Root electrolyte leakage, a measure of cell damage, tripled after three hours of desiccation. The increase was moderately, but significantly, greater in March for both species. Desiccation treatments had no effect on fine root survival. Growth of new roots (RGP) was also unaffected by desiccation treatments. RGP of maple was greater in March than December, but not ash.

Physiological indicators of tolerance to cold storage in Sitka spruce and Douglas-fir seedlings

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. McKay ◽  
W. L. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Root Growth Potential ◽  
Plant Vigour

Two-year-old transplants and undercuts of Piceasitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco were cold-stored (1 °C) for 1 to 7 months ending in April 1989. Their physiological arid morphological condition at lifting and after storage was assessed and related to survival and height increment on a reafforestation site after one growing season. Physiological assessments made between October and April at lifting were root growth potential, tolerance of fine roots to chronic cold, shoot and root mitotic index, root elongation, and electrolyte leakage from the shoot and roots. Shoot cold hardiness was assessed between October and mid-December. The seasonal changes in these parameters and the effect of species and undercutting treatments are described. At lifting, root growth potential identified (i) differences due to species and undercutting treatments and (ii) the earliest possible safe lifting dates of P. menziesii but not of P. sitchensis. After cold storage, plant vigour was assessed by root growth potential and shoot and root membrane integrity. Membrane integrity of the fine roots was a very good indicator of survival. There was a highly significant, negative correlation between the rate of electrolyte leakage, indicating membrane damage, and survival (p ≤ 0.001, r = −0.90).

scholarly journals Ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums following harvest and cold storage as affected by inhibition of ethylene action

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Argenta ◽  
Juliana Golin Krammes ◽  
Clarice Aparecida Megguer ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini Amarante ◽  
James Mattheis
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
And Storage

The inhibition of ethylene action by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) extends shelf and storage life of many climacteric fruits. However, 1-MCP appears to have limited effects on stone fruit depending on specie and cultivar. The effects of 1-MCP on ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums were determined during ripening at 23ºC following harvest and cold storage. Japanese plums (Prunus salicina, cv. Laetitia) were harvested at mature pre-climacteric stage, cooled to 2ºC within 36 hours of harvest and then treated with 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 or 1.00 muL L-1 of 1-MCP at 1°C for 24 hours. Following treatment, fruits were either held at 23ºC for 16 days or stored at 1ºC for 50 days. Fruits were removed from cold storage at 10-day intervals and allowed to ripe at 23°C for five days. A delay of climacteric respiration and ethylene production by 1-MCP treatment during ripening following harvest and cold storage was associated to a slow rate of fruit softening. 1-MCP treatment also delayed the loss of titratable acidity and changes of flesh and skin color, whereas it had little or no effect on soluble solids content. 1-MCP effects were concentration- and storage duration-dependent and, generally, a saturation fruit response to 1-MCP occurred between 0.5 and 1.0 muL L-1. During ripening, 1-MCP treated fruits attained quality similar to that of controls. Results indicated that 1-MCP treatment may extend shelf life (23ºC) and storage life (1ºC) of 'Laetitia' plums by approximately six and 20 days, respectively.

scholarly journals Measurement of Apple Root Losses Associated with Cold Storage and Elutriation of Soil Core Samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-584
Author(s):  
W. Todd Watson ◽  
David N. Appel ◽  
Charles M. Kenerley ◽  
Michael A. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Core Samples ◽  
Correction Curve ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Length Data ◽  
And Storage

Effects of washing and storing soil core samples of apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf. (syn. M. domestica Borkh. non Poir.)] roots were studied to determine root losses from processing samples. Root losses were assessed by measuring root lengths before and after elutriation and storage at 4 °C (39.2 °F). The accuracy of the automated root length scanner to measure individual fine roots [<1 mm (0.04 inch) diameter] of varying lengths was evaluated by first measuring roots, then cutting the roots into 2 to 3 cm (0.79 to 1.18 inch) lengths and rescanning. There was a significant relationship between the measurement of cut and noncut roots (r2 = 0.93). Losses from elutriating samples with cut and noncut roots indicated a mean loss of50% for samples with cut roots and 34% for samples with noncut roots (P ≤ 0.01). Total mean root loss (elutriation loss of noncut roots and degradation loss in cold storage) for the 12-month period ranged from 34% at month 0% to 53% at month 12 (P ≤ 0.01). Mean root degradation losses from long-term cold storage ranged from 6% at month 1 to 19% at month 12 (P ≤ 0.01). No losses were identified for roots with diameters of 1 to 5 mm (0.04 to 0.20 inch) and 5 to 10 mm (0.20 to 0.39 inch). A data correction curve was developed to correct root length data (<1 mm) for root losses associated with processing of soil cores.

scholarly journals Fruit Size Affects Physiological Attributes and Storage Disorders in Cold-stored ‘Royal Gala’ Apples

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1518-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwook Lee ◽  
James P. Mattheis ◽  
David R. Rudell
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Ethylene Concentration ◽  
Control Fruit ◽  
Physiological Attributes ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Storage Disorders

‘Royal Gala’ apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] fruit can be susceptible to the development of postharvest disorders such as flesh breakdown and cracking (splitting) during and after cold storage. The objective of this research was to investigate fruit size and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment effects on fruit physiological attributes and incidence and severity of storage disorders in ‘Royal Gala’ apples held in cold storage. In 2011, fruit segregated at harvest into two groups based on size (120 to 175, 250 to 350 g/fruit) were stored in air at 0.5 °C for 6 months and then at 20 °C for 7 days. In 2012, fruit were sorted into four groups (less than 200, 200 to 240, 241 to 280, and greater than 280 g/fruit), treated with 0 or 1 μL·L−1 1-MCP for 12 hours, and then stored in air at 0.5 °C for 3 or 6 months. Storage disorders were only detected at 6 months, regardless of 1-MCP treatment. In both control and 1-MCP-treated fruit, flesh breakdown incidence increased with fruit size, whereas severity was less associated with size. The progression of flesh breakdown developed in overall cortex tissue of control fruit but only detected in the stem-end tissue of 1-MCP-treated fruit. Internal ethylene concentration (IEC) decreased and CO2 production increased with increased fruit weight; however, 1-MCP-treated fruit had low IEC regardless of weight. Cortex tissue lightness (L*) increased with fruit size irrespective of tissue localization (stem end, equatorial, calyx end) at harvest. During 6 months’ storage, L* decreased with increased fruit size in controls but not 1-MCP-treated fruit. Fruit fresh weight loss increased with fruit size and storage duration, more so in controls when compared with 1-MCP-treated fruit. Furthermore, fruit circumference increased during storage with fruit size only for control fruit. These physical changes are associated with susceptibility of large fruit to flesh breakdown more so than small fruit. Reduced flesh breakdown incidence, progression of symptoms from the stem end into the cortex, and symptom severity in 1-MCP-treated fruit may indicate flesh breakdown is related to fruit ripening and senescence.

Structural integrity after cold storage of human epidermal model in hypothermosol: A correlative ultrastructural and fluorescent assay

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
Henry H. Eichelberger ◽  
John G. Baust ◽  
Robert G. Van Buskirk
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Ruthenium Tetroxide ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Before And After

For research in cell differentiation and in vitro toxicology it is essential to provide a natural state of cell structure as a benchmark for interpreting results. Hypothermosol (Cryomedical Sciences, Rockville, MD) has proven useful in insuring the viability of synthetic human epidermis during cold-storage and in maintaining the epidermis’ ability to continue to differentiate following warming.Human epidermal equivalent, EpiDerm (MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) consisting of fully differentiated stratified human epidermal cells were grown on a microporous membrane. EpiDerm samples were fixed before and after cold-storage (4°C) for 5 days in Hypothermosol or skin culture media (MatTek Corporation) and allowed to recover for 7 days at 37°C. EpiDerm samples were fixed 1 hour in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). A secondary fixation with 0.2% ruthenium tetroxide (Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA) in sodium cacodylate was carried out for 3 hours at 4°C. Other samples were similarly fixed, but with 1% Osmium tetroxide in place of ruthenium tetroxide. Samples were dehydrated through a graded acetone series, infiltrated with Spurrs resin (Polysciences Inc.) and polymerized at 70°C.

Influence of Pruning and Irrigation on Root Longevity of `Concord' Vines

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 511a-511
Author(s):  
L.H. Comas ◽  
D.M. Eissenstat ◽  
A.N. Lakso ◽  
R. Dunst
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Root Dynamics ◽  
Supplemental Irrigation ◽  
Root Longevity ◽  
Root Lifespan ◽  
Median Lifespan

Improved cultural practices in grape require a better understanding of root growth and physiology. Seasonal root dynamics were examined in mature `Concord' vines with balanced or minimal-pruning, and with or without supplemental irrigation in Fredonia, N.Y. Fine roots were continuously produced during the growing season starting in mid-June around time of bloom. Roots began to die in September at verasion. Minimal-pruned vines produced more roots than balanced-pruned vines, with the minimal-pruned/unirrigated vines producing the most roots. Irrigation and pruning delayed fine root production at the beginning of the growing season. Peak fine root flush was 16 June to 21 July 1997 for the minimal-pruned/unirrigated treatment, while peak flush was 7 July to 2 Sept. 1997 for balanced-pruned/irrigated treatment. In minimal-pruned vines, many roots were observed down to depths of 120 cm. In contrast, balanced-pruned vines had very few fine roots deeper than 40 cm. From initial observations, median lifespan of fine roots was 5 to 9.5 weeks, depending on treatment and depth in soil. Fine roots lived longer in the top 15-cm than in the 16- to 30-cm layer of soil in all treatments. Both minimal pruning and irrigation increased root lifespan. Fine roots had the shortest lifespan in the balanced-pruned/unirrigated treatment and the longest lifespan in the minimal-pruned/irrigated treatment.

scholarly journals Observations on early fungal infections with relevance for replant disease in fine roots of the rose rootstock Rosa corymbifera 'Laxa'

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Grunewaldt-Stöcker ◽  
C. Popp ◽  
A. Baumann ◽  
S. Fricke ◽  
M. Menssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Rose

AbstractReplant disease is a worldwide phenomenon affecting various woody plant genera and species, especially within the Rosaceae. Compared to decades of intensive studies regarding replant disease of apple (ARD), the replant disease of roses (RRD) has hardly been investigated. The etiology of RRD is also still unclear and a remedy desperately needed. In greenhouse pot trials with seedlings of the RRD-sensitive rootstock Rosa corymbifera ‘Laxa’ cultured in replant disease affected soils from two different locations, early RRD symptom development was studied in fine roots. In microscopic analyses we found similarities to ARD symptoms with regards to structural damages, impairment in the root hair status, and necroses and blackening in the cortex tissue. Examinations of both whole mounts and thin sections of fine root segments revealed frequent conspicuous fungal infections in association with the cellular disorders. Particularly striking were fungal intracellular structures with pathogenic characteristics that are described for the first time. Isolated fungi from these tissue areas were identified by means of ITS primers, and many of them were members of the Nectriaceae. In a next step, 35 of these isolates were subjected to a multi-locus sequence analysis and the results revealed that several genera and species were involved in the development of RRD within a single rose plant. Inoculations with selected single isolates (Rugonectria rugulosa and Ilyonectria robusta) in a Perlite assay confirmed their pathogenic relationship to early necrotic host plant reactions, and symptoms were similar to those exhibited in ARD.

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