scholarly journals Marketing Trends and Business Management Practices for the Wholesale Nursery Industry in California

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Merhaut ◽  
Dennis Pittenger
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Sales And Marketing ◽  
Production Practices

A survey of wholesale nurseries in the United States was conducted in 1999, with 169 of the 806 nurseries surveyed responding from the state of California. The survey, consisting of 29 questions related to production practices, products, sales, and marketing, was sent to a random group of nurseries. Based on these results, over 50% of the new nursery businesses in California have been established within the last two decades. While most of the nurseries have computerized business practices, only 21% have implemented the use of computers or other automation in their production practices. Horticulturally, containerized plant production (80% of the industry) is still the primary method of growing and shipping plants in California, and most (90%) of these products are sold within the state. Nevada, Arizona, Oregon, Washington, and Texas are the primary destinations for plant material that is exported out of state. The factors that nursery owners feel influence sales the most include market demand, weather unpredictability, and water supply, while governmental and environmental regulations are perceived to have the least impact. The factors that influence product price include cost of production, market demand, and product uniqueness.

Characteristics of Farm and Rural Internet Use in the USA

2011 ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Stenberg ◽  
Mitchell Morehart
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demand Analysis ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The Internet became enmeshed in U.S. businesses management practices over the last decade. During this period access and use of the Internet increased for all regions of the United States, most types of work places, and all income groups. In this study we examine Internet use by farm and rural workers and proprietors using descriptive statistics and market demand analysis. In our market demand analysis approach, the primary methodology we use is categorical dependent variable analysis. The results indicate income is a critical element, though other factors such as age of proprietor and rural-urban location are also significant in market demand determination.

scholarly journals Comparative Water and Nutrient Application Rates among Ornamental Operations in Maryland

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 1364-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Majsztrik ◽  
Andrew G. Ristvey ◽  
David S. Ross ◽  
John D. Lea-Cox
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Field Nursery ◽  
Container Nursery

Quantifying the range of fertilizer and irrigation application rates applied by the ornamental nursery and greenhouse industry is challenging as a result of the variety of species, production systems, and cultural management techniques that are used. To gain a better understanding of nutrient and water use by the ornamental industry in Maryland, 491 potential operations (including multiple addresses and contacts) in the state were mailed a packet of information asking for their voluntary participation. Of the 491 potential operations, it was determined that 348 operations were currently in operation. Of those 348 operations, 48 (14% of the operations in the state) participated in a site visit and an in-depth interview, and a detailed site analysis of the water and nutrient management practices was performed on a production management unit (MU) basis. The authors define an MU as a group of plants that is managed similarly, particularly in regard to nutrient and irrigation application. Greenhouse operations reported, on average, 198, 122, and 196 kg/ha/year of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P, as P2O5), and potassium (K, as K2O) fertilizer used, respectively, for 27 operations, representing 188 MUs. Twenty-seven outdoor container nursery operations had a total of 162 MUs, with an average of 964, 390, and 556 kg/ha/year of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizer used, respectively. Field nursery (soil-based) operations were represented by 17 operations, producing 96 MUs, with an average of 67, 20, and 25 kg/ha/year of N, P2O5, and K2O fertilizer used, respectively. Irrigation volume per application was greatest in container nursery operations, followed by greenhouse and field nursery operations. Data were also analyzed by creating quartiles, which represent the median of the lowest 25%, the middle 50%, and highest 75% of values. It is likely that the greatest quartile application rates reported by growers could be substantially reduced with little to no effect on plant production time or quality. These data also provide baseline information to determine changes in fertilization practices over time. They were also used as inputs for water and nutrient management models developed as part of this study. These data may also be useful for informing nutrient application rates used in the Chesapeake Bay nutrient modeling process.

scholarly journals Introduction of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Florida and Implications for the Spread of This and Other Geminiviruses of Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 984-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Polston ◽  
R. J. McGovern ◽  
L. G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
The State ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Dade County ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

In July 1997, symptoms characteristic of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-Is) were observed on one tomato plant in a field in Collier County, Florida, and on several tomato plants in a retail garden center in Sarasota, Florida. Amplification with three sets of primers, analysis of amplified fragments using restriction enzyme digestion, and hybridization with a clone of TYLCV-Is indicated that TYLCV-Is was present in symptomatic plants. The sequence of a 1,300-bp amplified fragment was 99% identical to TYLCV-Is from the Dominican Republic and 98% identical to an isolate from Israel. It appears that TYLCV-Is entered the United States in Dade County, Florida, in late 1996 or early 1997. Subsequently, infected tomato transplants produced for retail sale at two Dade County facilities were rapidly distributed via retail garden centers throughout the state. Infected plants purchased by homeowners and placed in and around homes appeared to be the source of TYLCV-Is for nearby commercial nurseries and production fields. It appears that transplants have played a role in the movement of this and probably other geminiviruses. A number of regulatory procedures, as well as field management practices, were implemented in the 1997-98 production season to minimize the movement of TYLCV-Is within and out of the state.

scholarly journals Comparative Consumer Perspectives on Eco-friendly and Insect Management Practices on Floriculture Crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin L. Getter ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Heidi Marie Wollaeger
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Insect Management ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticides ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Consumer Perspectives ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Soil Mix

Declining bee populations has garnered media attention, which has pressured plant retailers to ask or demand the reduction or elimination of neonicotinoid insecticide use in greenhouse production. This study investigated consumer perspectives on eco-friendly ornamental plant production practices in combination with a variety of insect management practices. Data from an online study were collected from 1555 Americans in May 2015. Over half (55%), nearly half (48.2%), and more than 30% of the participants felt that “bees are not harmed,” “better for the environment,” or “plants that attract bees,” respectively, was a characteristic of bee-friendly insect management practices. The latter group erroneously confused bee-friendly insect management practices with plants that are a potential food source for bees. When asked to rate various insect management plant production practices on a five-point Likert scale, consumer mean scores were positive (defined here as 3.5 to 5.0) for “plants grown using bee-friendly insect management practices,” “plants grown using insect management strategies that are safe for pollinators,” “plants grown using best insect management practices to protect pollinators,” and “plants grown using insect management practices that leaves no insecticide residue on the plant.” Plant species accounted for 31.6% of the decision to purchase the plant, followed by price (25.1%), insect management strategy (23.3%), and eco-friendly practices (20.1%) that was similar to prior published findings. Analyses showed that plants labeled as “grown using bee-friendly insect management practices” were worth $0.26, $0.26, $0.89, and $1.15 more than plants labeled as “grown in a sustainably produced potting soil/mix,” “grown using recycled/recaptured water,” “grown using protective neonicotinoid insecticides,” and “grown using traditional insect management practices,” respectively. In addition, plants labeled as “grown using best insect management practices to protect pollinators” were worth $0.10, $0.10, $0.73, and $0.99 more than plants labeled as “grown in a sustainably produced potting soil/mix,” “grown using recycled/recaptured water,” “grown using protective neonicotinoid insecticides,” and “grown using traditional insect management practices,” respectively. Thus, selected insect management strategies were valued more, on average, than eco-friendly production practices.

scholarly journals Regional Analysis of Production Practices and Technology Use in the U.S. Nursery Industry

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1807-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Bridget K. Behe ◽  
Jennifer H. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
South Central ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Total Sales

The National Nursery Survey has been conducted four times at 5-year intervals (1988, 1993, 1998, and 2003) by a multistate research committee on economics and marketing to help fill the void of publicly available information on management characteristics of the nursery industry. For the first time in 2003, the National Nursery Survey was conducted using a standard sampling methodology with 15,588 total firms representing 44 states. The objective of this study was to provide a regional analysis of nursery production practices, because production practices and technology use may differ across regions in response to varying economic and environmental conditions. From analysis of the 2485 returned surveys, firms in the northern and interior regions of the country with more seasonal activity made greater use of temporary labor. Containerized growing systems were the predominant system throughout the United States; however, firms in the Southeast, South Central, and Pacific coast regions used this system to a greater degree, whereas firms in other regions also commonly used bare root and balled and burlapped systems. Nurseries in the Southeast region, with a warmer climate, used Integrated Pest Management practices more prevalently. Most regions had a significant share of total production from native American plants, approaching or exceeding 20% of total sales, except the Pacific region. In some regions, forward-contracting accounted for a significantly higher share of total sales, perhaps indicating greater aversion to market risk. The Mountain region stood out for its high level of adoption of computer technologies for production, marketing, and management. Data on water use and irrigation technology did not indicate any clear pattern with respect to regional differences in relation to water scarcity.

scholarly journals Production and Marketing Practices and Trade Flows in the United States Green Industry in 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Hayk Khachatryan ◽  
Marco A. Palma ◽  
Charles R. Hall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Weather Uncertainty ◽  
Production Area

A national survey of 32,000 U.S. ornamental plant grower and dealer-retail firms was conducted to collect information on business practices and operating results for calendar year 2013. A total of 2,657 valid respondent firms reported annual sales of $3.957 billion, and employment of 38,657 fulltime, part-time, seasonal and foreign H2A workers. About 43 percent of sales were at retail to final consumers, and 57 percent through wholesale market channels, including landscape contractors, re-wholesalers, home centers, garden centers and mass merchandise stores. The top five specific plant categories reported were flowering annuals (bedding plants), deciduous shade and flowering trees, herbaceous perennials, deciduous shrubs, and vegetables/fruits/herbs. Container-grown plants were the predominant product form. Sales were reported for marketing practices such as advance contracting, brokerage, and transaction methods such as telephone or in-person sales. The internet was the largest advertising medium. International exports were a small share of total sales (<1%), while sales outside the production area for eight agroclimatic regions of the United States represented less than one percent to 36 percent of sales. Groundwater wells were the predominant source of irrigation water, and overhead sprinklers were the largest application method, followed by drip irrigation and hand watering. Factors perceived to be most important for the overall health of the green industry included market demand and weather uncertainty.

scholarly journals The Power of Customer Choice in Energy: A California Case Study in Accelerating Clean Energy Transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Trumbull ◽  
J.R. DeShazo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Demand

Despite a lack of action at the national level, the transition to carbon-free energy is becoming a reality across the United States. At the local level, community choice aggregators (CCAs)—which offer communities public control over their electricity purchasing decisions—are accelerating this transition. By forming these electricity providers, member cities and counties can choose how much renewable energy is offered to their residents and businesses. In California, CCAs have become an effective policy tool at accelerating the transition to clean energy. Across the state, 182 cities and counties have become members of one of the 23 CCAs, with additional communities planning to join or form CCAs in the next few years. These CCAs have been effective at unlocking market demand largely stifled by an investor-owned utility monopoly by giving cities and counties greater choice and access to renewable energy. The vast majority of these CCAs procure more renewable energy than the investor-owned utilities they compete with. As a result, CCAs purchased 204% of the renewable energy required by the state from 2011 to 2019. By achieving California’s carbon-free energy targets more quickly than mandated, the state benefits from a cumulatively larger reduction in greenhouse gas emissions each year. The success of CCAs in California demonstrates the power of promoting carbon-free energy at the grassroots, enabled by public, local choice in electricity supply. With six states considering CCA-enabling legislation, and with hundreds of cities and counties across the United States working toward a 100% carbon-free energy goal, policies like California Assembly Bill 117 (2002) that enabled CCAs can provide a valuable tool to accelerate the transition to carbon-free energy. The purpose of this paper is to assess how CCA-enabling policy can support the clean energy transition using California as a case study. We assess three conditions that affect a CCA’s ability to accelerate the clean energy transition: CCA customer characteristics, CCA design features, and their policy and regulatory context. We conclude with a discussion of policy recommendations important to ensure CCAs can continue to support clean energy goals.

scholarly journals Trade Flows and Marketing Practices within the California Nursery Industry—Survey Results from 1988 and 1993

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Grant J. Klein ◽  
Ursula K. Schuch
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Trade Shows

Abstract Nurseries were surveyed nationwide in 1989 and 1994 to collect information on products, customers, and business practices during the previous year. California's nursery industry is the largest in the nation and provided the majority of seedlings, liners, whips, and grafted material from within the state. Landscape firms were the most important customers for wholesale nurseries in 1993 (35% of sales), followed by garden centers and re-wholesalers (26% and 25% of sales), and mass merchandisers (12% of sales). Over 90% of California nursery wholesale products were sold within the state, and the rest were shipped to the north, west, midwest, and parts of the east coast. Production cost was used as the most important criteria for price determination of nursery stock. Sales methods such as in-person and telephone, negotiated and non-negotiated sales varied in popularity between the two years surveyed. Nurseries spent about 3.5% of their revenue on advertising, primarily in catalogs and the Yellow Pages. Twenty-six percent and 70% of medium and large nurseries, respectively, were represented at trade shows versus only 11% of small nurseries. Capital and land were the major factors limiting expansion of nurseries in 1988 and 1993, with market demand becoming a more prevalent factor in 1993.

scholarly journals Utilization and management of red alder genetic resources in British Columbia

2001 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hamann
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Quantitative Genetics ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Seed Transfer ◽  
New Research

During the last two decades, the value of red alder wood products has substantially increased and several initiatives have been launched in the United States to use red alder for reforestation. Nonetheless, red alder is a largely neglected resource in British Columbia. This review paper examines the reasons behind the under-utilization of red alder in British Columbia and investigates whether changes in red alder management practices could improve the value of the resource. Red alder's potential for plantation forestry and genetic tree improvement are discussed, and possible breeding objectives were evaluated with consideration for the species biology, growth, product value and market demand. Seed transfer rules and the possibility of gains from selection are summarized in the light of new research results in genecology and quantitative genetics for red alder populations in British Columbia. Key words: red alder, Alnus rubra, tree improvement, quantitative genetics, genecology, resource management

The state of psychotherapy in the United States.

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Hartston
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State
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