scholarly journals Relationship between Soil and Plant Water Status in Wine Grapes under Various Water Deficit Regimes

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Centeno ◽  
Pilar Baeza ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Soil Matric Potential ◽  
Matric Potential

Limited water supply in arid and semiarid Mediterranean environments demands improving irrigation efficiency. The purpose of this study was to determine a functional relationship between soil water availability and wine grape (Vitis vinifera) water status to determine a threshold value of soil matric potential to trigger irrigation. Seasonal trends of soil water potential, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance (gS) of ‘Tempranillo’ wine grape were determined in two deficit irrigation treatments replenishing 45% and 30% of the reference evapotranspiration, and in a third non-irrigated treatment during 2001 and 2002. Soil water potential was measured with granular matrix soil moisture sensors placed at 0.3 m (Ψ0.3), 0.6 m (Ψ0.6), and 1.2 m (Ψ1.2) depths. The sensors at 0.3 m depth quickly responded to irrigation by increasing Ψ0.3 levels. At the 0.6 m depth, Ψ0.6 progressively decreased, showing significant differences between T1 and the rest of the treatments, while no significant differences in Ψ1.2 were found. All relationships between profile soil matric potential and leaf water potential and gS were highly correlated. After integrating our data with previous studies, we suggest a whole profile soil water potential value of –0.12 MPa as threshold to trigger irrigation and avoid severe water stress during berry growth.

scholarly journals Geospatial variation of grapevine water status, soil water availability, grape composition and sensory characteristics in a spatially heterogeneous premium wine grape vineyard

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1013-1072
Author(s):  
D. R. Smart ◽  
S. Cosby Hess ◽  
R. Plant ◽  
O. Feihn ◽  
H. Heymann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Available Water

Abstract. The geoscience component of terroir in wine grape production continues to be criticized for its quasi-mystical nature, and lack of testable hypotheses. Nonetheless, recent relational investigations are emerging and most involve water availability as captured by available water capacity (AWC, texture) or plant available water (PAW) in the root zone of soil as being a key factor. The second finding emerging may be that the degree of microscale variability in PAW and other soil factors at the vineyard scale renders larger regional characterizations questionable. Cimatic variables like temperature are well mixed, and its influence on wine characteristic is fairly well established. The influence of mesogeology on mesoclimate factors has also been characterized to some extent. To test the hypothesis that vine water status mirrors soil water availability, and controls fruit sensory and chemical properties at the vineyard scale we examined such variables in a iconic, selectively harvested premium winegrape vineyard in the Napa Valley of California during 2007 and 2008 growing seasons. Geo-referenced data vines remained as individual study units throughout data gathering and analysis. Cartographic exercises using geographic information systems (GIS) were used to vizualize geospatial variation in soil and vine properties. Highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) emerged for pre-dawn leaf water potential (ΨPD), mid-day leaf water potential (ΨL) and PAW, with berry size, berry weight, pruning weights (canopy size) and soluble solids content (°Brix). Areas yielding grapes with perceived higher quality had vines with (1) lower leaf water potential (LWP) both pre-dawn and mid-day, (2) smaller berry diameter and weight, (3) lower pruning weights, and (4) higher °Brix. A trained sensory panel found grapes from the more water-stressed vines had significantly sweeter and softer pulp, absence of vegetal character, and browner and crunchier seeds. Metabolomic analysis of the grape skins showed significant differences in accumulation of amino acids and organic acids. Data vines were categorized as non-stressed (ΨPD ≥ −7.9 bars and ΨL ≥ −14.9 bars) and stressed (ΨPD ≤ −8.0 bars and ΨL ≤ −15.0 bars) and subjected to analysis of variance. Significant separation emerged for vines categorized as non-stressed versus stressed at véraison, which correlated to the areas described as producing higher and lower quality fruit. This report does not advocate the use of stress levels herein reported. The vineyard was planted to a vigorous, deep rooted rootstock (V. rupestris cv. St. George), and from years of management is known to be able to withstand stress levels of the magnitude we observed. Nonetheless, the results may suggest there is not a linear relationship between physiological water stress and grape sensory characteristics, but rather the presence of an inflection point controlling grape composition as well as physiological development.

Relationship Between Root/Soil Hydraulic Properties and Stomatal Behaviour in Sugarcane

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
NZ Saliendra ◽  
FC Meinzer
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
High Soil Moisture

Stomatal conductance, leaf and soil water status, transpiration, and apparent root hydraulic conductance were measured during soil drying cycles for three sugarcane cultivars growing in containers in a greenhouse. At high soil moisture, transpiration and apparent root hydraulic conductance differed considerably among cultivars and were positively correlated, whereas leaf water potential was similar among cultivars. In drying soil, stomatal and apparent root hydraulic conductance approached zero over a narrow (0.1 MPa) range of soil water suction. Leaf water potential remained nearly constant during soil drying because the vapor phase conductance of the leaves and the apparent liquid phase conductance of the root system declined in parallel. The decline in apparent root hydraulic conductance with soil drying was manifested as a large increase in the hydrostatic pressure gradient between the soil and the root xylem. These results suggested that control of stomatal conductance in sugarcane plants exposed to drying soil was exerted primarily at the root rather than at the leaf level.

Relation of Soybean Leaf Water Potential to Soil Water Potential 1

1974 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brady ◽  
W. L. Powers ◽  
L. R. Stone ◽  
S. M. Goltz
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Soybean Leaf

scholarly journals SOIL AND LEAF WATER POTENTIAL OF QUERCUS SEMECARPIFOLIA AT PHULCHOWKI HILL, NEPAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
K. Poudyal
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Quercus Semecarpifolia

Quercus semecarpifolia is a high altitude oak and dominant species of central Himalayan vegetation.In the central Himalaya, plants are subjected to a prolonged dry period, thus developing moisturestress. Soil water potential at 15 cm and 30 cm depth, predawn and midday leaf water potential andtheir relationship with stomatal conductance and phenological behaviour was studied at PhulchowkiHill, Kathmandu to evaluate the drought adaptation strategy of Q. semecarpifolia in a pure stand at2130 m elevation. The natural ecosystem of Himalayan region has a characteristic climatic pattern ofconcentrated rainfall and a prolonged dry season which have a strong effect on the adaptability of thisspecies. It maintained a high predawn leaf water potential (ΨL pd) and stomatal conductance (gw)despite low soil water Ψ and ΨL pd . Lowest Ψs and ΨL pd were observed in March 1999, when therewas almost no rain for five months. Mean ΨL pd and ΨL md were (–1.79 and –2.29 MPa, respectively).Patterns of ΨL pd and ΨL md correlated significantly with soil Ψ, and phenology as ΨL pd oftenincreased during leafing but not with gw.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11473ECOPRINT An International Journal of EcologyVol. 20, 2013page: 115-121

Effects of disrupting stem sapwood water conduction on the water status in Douglas-fir crowns

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 982-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brix ◽  
A. K. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Water Conduction

The sapwood cross-sectional area at breast height was reduced by 0 (control), 42, 69, and 100%, in 36-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees to study treatment effects on the water status in the crowns. Only the complete removal of breast-height sapwood affected the leaf water potential which decreased rapidly the 1st day, but then changed little for the next 38 days varying only from −2.3 to −2.6 MPa. Water use for those trees was limited to that stored above breast height, primarily in stem sapwood, and amounted to approximately 45 L. This corresponded to 6.5 mm of precipitation or 4% of potential transpiration. The finding that leaf water potential was not affected by partial sapwood reduction but rather by changes in soil water potential suggests that resistance to water flow in stems was small compared with that in other parts of the water-flow pathways of soil and trees.

Potential role of soil moisture deficit in the distribution of Cakile edentula

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2789-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wayne Tyndall ◽  
Alan H. Teramura ◽  
Larry W. Douglass
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Cakile Edentula ◽  
Survival And Growth

Soil water potential, leaf water potential, and stomatal conductance of Cakile edentula (Bigelow) Hooker were compared between beach and foredune habitats on Currituck Bank, North Carolina. All three variables were significantly lower on the foredune than on the beach. Low soil water potential on the foredune may contribute to low survival and growth inhibition by lowering leaf water potential and stomatal conductance.

scholarly journals COMPORTAMENTO FISIOLÓGICO E MORFOLÓGICO DE CLONES DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ÁGUA NO SOLO.

Irriga ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Renata Rocha Pereira ◽  
Antônio Evaldo Klar ◽  
Magali Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Raquel Albuquerque de Souza ◽  
Nara Rosseti Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Replacement ◽  
Hydric Stress ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

COMPORTAMENTO FISIOLÓGICO E MORFOLÓGICO DE CLONES DE Eucalyptus urograndis SUBMETIDOS A DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE ÁGUA NO SOLO.  Maria Renata Rocha Pereira1; Antônio Evaldo Klar1; Magali Ribeiro da Silva2; Raquel Albuquerque de Souza2; Nara Rosseti Fonseca31Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP,  [email protected] Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP3Departamento de Melhoramento e Produção Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP  1 RESUMO             Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos do estresse hídrico, nas características fisiológicas de dois clones de Eucalyptus urograndis, 105 e 433. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, campus de Botucatu nos meses de março a julho de 2005. O manejo hídrico foi estabelecido com base em dois potenciais mínimos de água no solo (Yf): -0,03 MPa ou -1,5 MPa. Foram avaliados: resistência difusiva ao vapor d’aguados estômatos, transpiração, e potencial total de água das folhas(Yf) realizadas nesse dia, das 8:20 às 17 h no esmo dia coletaram-se a altura, diâmetro do colo, área foliar, massa seca aérea, massa seca radicular. Apenas a altura e matéria seca aérea foram maiores estatisticamente no clone 433, em relação ao 105.Tratamentos sem estresse hídrico tiveram maior desempenho em todas características estudadas, não havendo influência dos clones. A resistência estomática apresentou maiores valores nos tratamentos submetidos à deficiência hídrica, com mais intensidade no clone 433, tal como ocorreu com o potencial de água na folha. A transpiração foi maior no clone 105 tanto na comparação entre plantas estressadas como nas não estressadas. As temperaturas das folhas tiveram valores mais elevados no clone 433, no tratamento estressado. Assim, conclui-se que há um melhor desempenho das plantas mantidas a um potencial de água no solo de -0,03 MPa e  comprova-se a maior resistência ao estresse hídrico pelo clone 105. UNITERMOS: estresse hídrico, irrigação, eucalipto  PEREIRA, M.R.R.; KLAR, A.E.; SILVA, M.R.; ALBUQUERQUE, R.; FONSECA, N.R. MORPHOLOGYCAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CLONES FROM Eucalyptus urograndis  SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT SOIL  WATER LEVELS  2 ABSTRACT The present study had as its objective the assessment of the possible effects of hydric stress on the growth, physiological characteristics of two different genetic materials from Eucalyptus urograndis. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas of UNESP, campus Botucatu from March to July, 2005. The hydric management was established based on the soil water potential. Two water levels were established, doing the evapotranspired water replacement by pot weighing. Two clones were used, Eucalyptus urograndis 105 and 433, being the first one more resistant to the hydric deficit and the 433 more sensitive to stress. The study was made from a 2X2 factorial (two levels of water x two genetic materials). For the hydric management, the plants were irrigated when they reached a soil water potential of -0.03 MPa or -1.5 MPa. The assessments made were: diffusive water vapor of stomato, transpiration, leaf temperature and leaf water potential. The physiological evaluations  throughout the day, in the end of the experiment. Treatments without hydric stress had a higher performance in all studied characteristics, but the clones had no influence. The stomatic resistance followed the potentials, showing higher values in the treatments submitted to hydric deficiency, more intensely for clone 433, being that this also happened with the leaf water potential. The transpiration also followed the leaf water potential and the stomatic resistance more intensely for clone 105 both comparing stressed plants and non-stressed plants. Consequently, the leaf temperatures had higher values for clone 433 on the stressed treatment. Thus, it can be concluded that there was a better performance in plants kept on a soil water potential of -0.03 MPa and a higher resistance to hydric stress for clone 105. KEYWORDS: hydric stress, irrigation, eucalyptus

scholarly journals Measuring Leaf-water Potential in Chickpea with a Pressure Chamber

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. K. Sivakumar ◽  
S. M. Virmani
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYThe pressure-chamber technique has been used for the first time to measure leaf-water potentials in chickpea under field conditions. Available soil-water contents at different depths for irrigated and non-irrigated crops are presented along with the diurnal variation in leaf-water status, to show that pressure-chamber measurements correspond closely with available soil water. Leaf-water potential has also shown differences in leaf-water status among different cultivars. The rapidity and ease with which measurements can be made in the field make the technique suitable for quick measurements of leaf-water status for chickpea.

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