scholarly journals Greenhouse and Landscape Performance of Bedding Plants in Biocontainers

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
Matt Taylor ◽  
Michael R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
State University ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Louisiana State University ◽  
Landscape Performance ◽  
Production Practices ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Plastic Containers

Biodegradable and plastic containers were evaluated for greenhouse and landscape production of ‘Score Red’ geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum), ‘Grape Cooler’ vinca (Catharanthus roseus), or ‘Dazzler Lilac Splash’ impatiens (Impatiens wallerana) at Louisiana State University (LSU), Baton Rouge, LA; Longwood Gardens (LWG), Kennett Square, PA; and University of Arkansas (UA), Fayetteville, AR. Of the 5-inch containers, the highest geranium and vinca shoot growth occurred in plastic containers compared with bioplastic and rice straw containers. Of the 4-inch containers, paper containers produced the greatest geranium shoot growth compared with the peat containers at LSU and LWG. Shoot growth in impatiens was similar for all container types at all three locations. When all container types were considered, there was no difference in the root growth of geranium or impatiens at all three locations. However, vinca had the highest root growth in paper containers compared with that in peat and coconut fiber. The root:shoot (R:S) ratio of geranium were mixed for all pot sizes, types, and locations. Vinca R:S ratio was highest in both the 4- and 5-inch plastic control containers at LSU and lowest in both plastic containers at LWG. Direct plant containers generally performed well in the landscape as the plants grown in plastic containers at LWG. Plants grown in all tested containers produced marketable plants for both the retail and landscape markets. However, growers and landscapers should be aware of growth differences that may occur when using biodegradable containers and align production practices accordingly.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Substrate-applied Humectant to Mitigate Drought Stress in Young, Container-grown Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
Chris Wolverton ◽  
Samantha West
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root:Shoot Ratio ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Soilless Substrate ◽  
Absorbing Roots

The efficacy of treating soilless substrate with a commercial humectant was tested as a means of suppressing drought stress in 4-week-old container-grown Zinnia elegans Jacq. ‘Thumbelina’. The humectant was applied as a substrate amendment at concentrations of 0.0, 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2% by volume prior to withholding irrigation. An untreated, well-watered control was also included. The substrate of treated plants was allowed to dry until the foliage wilted, at which time the plants were harvested and the following measurements taken: number of days to wilt (DTW), xylem water potential (ψx), shoot growth (shoot dry weight, leaf area) and root growth (length, diameter, surface area, volume, dry weight). For drought-stressed plants grown in humectant-treated substrate at concentrations of 1.6 and 3.2%, DTW increased 25 and 33%, respectively. A linear decrease in ψx was observed as the concentration of humectant increased from 0.0 to 3.2%. Linear trends were also noted for both volumetric moisture content (positive) and evapotranspiration (negative) as the concentration of humectant increased. For non-irrigated, untreated plants, stress inhibited shoot growth more than root growth, resulting in a lower root:shoot ratio. For non-irrigated, humectant-treated plants, the length of fine, water-absorbing roots increased linearly as humectant concentration increased from 0.0 to 3.2%. Using humectant-amended substrates may be a management option for mitigating the symptoms of drought stress during the production of container-grown bedding plants such as Z. elegans.

Biological studies of soils in paired old and new land sites growing sugarcane

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Blair ◽  
R. C. Magarey ◽  
J. I. Bull ◽  
E. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Biological Community ◽  
Root Pathogens ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Growth Constraints ◽  
Growth Differences

Summary. The growth of sugarcane in soils from land monocultured with sugarcane, and from land which had either never been cropped with sugarcane, or just recently cropped, was compared under glasshouse conditions. In general, cane growth in new land soils was greater than in monocultured soil (shoot growth 7.4%, root growth 21.4%). Responses to soil pasteurisation were investigated in some soils and were greater in monocultured soils suggesting that root growth constraints were larger in the monocultured soil (210% response in monocultured soils v. 64% in new land soils). Assays for sugarcane root pathogens suggested that Pachymetra chaunorhiza was a major contributor to the old/new land growth responses, but it is unlikely that Pythium spp. were factors in the growth differences. Monitoring of other groups of organisms in soil from one site suggested that sugarcane monoculture may affect populations in the broader biological community.

scholarly journals Copper-treated Plug Flats Influence Root Growth and Flowering of Bedding Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Armitage ◽  
P.M. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Flowering Date ◽  
Shoot Weight

A copper hydroxide formulation (0%, 3.5%, 7%, 11% Cu) was applied to plug trays before sowing seeds of Impatiens ×hybrida L. `Accent Red', Pelargonium ×hortorum Bailey `Scarlet Elite', and Petunia ×hybrida Hort.Vilm.-Andr. `Ultra White' to investigate the influence of the formulations on ease of transplant, root growth, and shoot growth. These factors also were investigated in Cu-treated seedling plugs held past optimal transplanting stage. Root spiraling and seedling height at transplant were reduced for all taxa grown in Cu-treated trays, regardless of concentration, compared to seedlings from nontreated trays. Root weight and shoot weight responses to Cu treatments at transplant and at flowering varied among taxa. Mature heights of all taxa were unaffected by Cu treatment; however, flowering date was delayed for impatiens and geraniums transplanted at optimal time from Cu-treated trays. In general, petunias displayed little response to Cu treatment. Root spiraling was reduced and plugs were removed more easily from Cu-treated than from control trays stored for 2 weeks in the greenhouse, but flowering time was delayed for 12 days for impatiens and petunias and 21 days for geraniums, regardless of Cu concentration.

scholarly journals Chlorothalonil, Trifloxystrobin, and Mancozeb Decrease Anthracnose Symptoms on Three Cultivars of Wintercreeper Euonymus

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Schupbach-Ningen ◽  
Janet C. Cole ◽  
James T. Cole ◽  
Kenneth E. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Research Station ◽  
State University ◽  
University Of Arkansas ◽  
Oklahoma State University ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Euonymus Fortunei ◽  
The University ◽  
Plastic Containers

The effectiveness of chlorothalonil, mancozeb, and trifloxystrobin applied alone or in rotations of two or three fungicides to control anthracnose symptoms caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was evaluated on three cultivars of field- and container-grown wintercreeper euonymus (Euonymus fortunei) during the 2001 growing season. Studies were conducted at Stillwater, Okla.; Fayetteville, Ark.; and Park Hill, Okla. Rooted cuttings of wintercreeper euonymus `Emerald Gaiety', `Emerald 'n Gold', and `Emerald Surprise' were transplanted from 1-gal plastic containers into field soil at the Oklahoma State University Nursery Research Station and at the University of Arkansas Horticulture Farm on 10 May 2001. In a parallel study, recently transplanted rooted cuttings of the same cultivars in 1-gal pots containing substrate consisting of pine bark and sand were placed in a shadehouse under 30% shade at Stillwater and Fayetteville and 73% shade at Park Hill on 11 May 2001. `Emerald Gaiety' had fewer disease symptoms than `Emerald 'n Gold' or `Emerald Surprise' in the field and in containers at Stillwater and Fayetteville. At Fayetteville, mancozeb applied alone or in rotation with chlorothalonil or trifloxystrobin provided better anthracnose control than treatments without mancozeb, but no fungicide eliminated anthracnose symptoms. Application of fungicides in rotations that include mancozeb and use of resistant cultivars can help decrease anthracnose symptoms.

Effect of Shade on Texasweed (Caperonia palustris) Emergence, Growth, and Reproduction

Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh K. Godara ◽  
Billy J. Williams ◽  
James P. Geaghan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Research Station ◽  
State University ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Louisiana State University ◽  
Polypropylene Fabric ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Light Capture

Experiments were conducted on potted plants under field conditions in 2007 and 2008 at the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center's Northeast Research Station near St. Joseph, LA, to evaluate Texasweed response to shade. Shade levels of 30, 50, 70, and 90% were achieved using 1.8-m by 1.8-m by 1.8-m tents built using 2.54-cm-diam polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and polypropylene fabric. Shade had no effect on Texasweed emergence but significantly reduced its growth. There were significant growth differences between plants transferred directly and gradually to a given shade level. At 100 d after emergence, plants gradually exposed to 30, 50, 70, and 90% shade had 13, 22, 37, and 58% less total dry matter per plants, respectively, than did those in 0% shade. Texasweed height in 70 and 90% shade was increased by 28 and 20%, respectively. Texasweed seemed to mitigate the adverse effect of shade by increasing specific leaf area (SLA) and percentage of leaf biomass. Increasing SLA and the percentage of leaf biomass appears to be a strategy for efficient allocation of biomass for light capture and carbohydrate synthesis, which can be used for height increase until the plant rises above the crop canopy. Although fruit production was significantly reduced, Texasweed was able to reproduce in 90% shade.

scholarly journals Granular Preemergence Applied Herbicides Influence Annual Bedding Plant Growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Mack Thetford ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
J. David Williams
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Control Root

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of preemergence applied herbicides on annual bedding plants. In experiment 1, five preemergence applied herbicides were evaluated for control of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop.) and prostrate spurge (Euphorbia humistata Engelm. ex Gray) and phytotoxicity to spring planted herbaceous bedding plants. Dimension 0.5G (dithiopyr) applied at 1.1, 2.2 or 3.4 kg ai/ha (1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 lb ai/A), Southern Weedgrass Control (SWGC) (pendimethalin) 2.68G and Rout 3G (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin) each applied at 1.7, 3.4 or 6.7 kg ai/ha (1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 lb ai/A), Snapshot 2.5TG (trifluralin + isoxaben) applied at 3.4 or 6.7 kg ai/ha (3.0 or 6.0 lb ai/A) and Ronstar 2G (oxadiazon) applied at 4.5 kg ai/ha (4.0 lb ai/A) controlled both weeds up to 60 days after treatment (DAT). Bedding plant tolerance varied with herbicide and application rate. Basil and salvia were sensitive to Snapshot (trifluralin + isoxaben) [6.7 kg ai/ha (6.0 lb ai/A)], while Ronstar (oxadiazon) [4.5 kg ai/ha (4.0 lb ai/A)] injured begonia and impatiens. Species sensitive to Dimension (dithiopyr) at 2.2 or 3.4 kg/ha (2.0 and 3.0 lb ai/A) 60 DAT were begonia, salvia, and nicotiana. Bedding plants sensitive to SWGC (pendimethalin) were celosia and salvia. Rout (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin) was injurious to most species evaluated at 6.7 kg ai/ha (6.0 lb ai/A) and in some cases at 3.4 kg ai/ha (3.0 lb ai/A). In experiments 2 and 3, shoot growth of impatiens, geranium, basil, and ageratum was not affected by any herbicide treatment. However, impatiens root growth was suppressed (30 DAT) with Dimension (dithiopyr), Snapshot (trifluralin + isoxaben), SWGC (pendimethalin) (high rate only), and Ronstar (oxadiazon). Basil root growth was suppressed 15 DAT with Dimension (dithiopyr), Snapshot (trifluralin + isoxaben), and SWGC (pendimethalin); however, all root dry weights were similar to control root dry weights at 30 DAT.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Growth of ‘Coral Beauty’ Cotoneaster and Leyland Cypress Produced in Porous and Nonporous Containers

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Diane W Privett ◽  
Rita L Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Porous Walls ◽  
Plastic Containers

Abstract ‘Coral Beauty’ cotoneaster and Leyland cypress rooted cuttings were grown in media of all fir bark or fir bark:peat moss (1:1 by vol) and plastic containers with varying wall designs (nonporous smooth-walls, nonporous ridge-walls, or porous walls). Results Indicated no effect of the growing media shoot or root growth of either species. Shoot growth of Leyland cypress was not affected by container design. ‘Coral Beauty’ cotoneaster shoot growth was greater in the porous container than in the nonporous smooth-walled container. Root Circling of both species was greatest in the nonporous smooth-walled containers. Ridges in the nonporous ridge-wall containers generally directed roots to grow downward where some circling at the bottom of the root ball occurred. When roots in the porous walled containers reached the periphery of the root ball they stopped growing, resulting in a fine, fibrous root mass at the periphery of the rootball.

scholarly journals Testing the Effect of the Determinate Shoot Growth Allele on Cucumber Root Growth

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 847-849
Author(s):  
Rebecca Grumet ◽  
Robert Duvall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Cucumber Root ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The determinate allele (de) of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) causes shorter vine length and fewer and shorter internodes and lateral branches than the indeterminate allele (De). Four sets of cucumber inbreds carrying determinate or indeterminate alleles were compared with respect to root growth rate in the field and greenhouse using an herbicide banding method. Although the lines exhibited the expected differences in shoot growth, differences in root growth were not correlated with the differences in shoot growth. These results indicate that root growth was independent of the determinate shoot growth allele.

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