scholarly journals Comparison of Cabbage Seedling Growth in Four Transplant Production Systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133a
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Frantz ◽  
Gregory E. Welbaum ◽  
Zhengxing Shen ◽  
Ron Morse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
And Control

“Float-bed” (FB) is a simple hydroponic system used by the tobacco industry for transplant production. “Ebb-and-flood” (EF) is a modified FB system with periodic draining of the bed to limit water availability and control plant growth. Field-bed cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. gp. Capitata) transplant production was compared with FB, EF, and overhead-irrigated plug-tray greenhouse systems. Plants were produced in May and June and transplanted in a field near Blacksburg, Va., in June and July of 1994 and 1995, respectively. Beds for FB and EF production consisted of galvanized metal troughs (3.3 × 0.8 × 0.3 m) lined with a double layer of 0.075-mm-thick black plastic film. In 1994, both EF and FB seedlings were not hardened before transplanting, were severely stressed after transplanting, and had higher seedling mortality compared with plants from other systems. Plug-tray transplants showed the greatest increase in leaf area following transplanting and matured earlier than seedlings produced in other systems. In 1995, EF- and FB-grown cabbage plants were hardened by withholding water before transplanting, and seedlings had greater fresh mass and leaf area than plug-tray or field-bed seedlings 3.5 weeks after transplanting. Less succulent cabbage transplants were grown in EF and FB systems containing 66 mg·L-1 N (40% by nitrate) and 83 mg·L-1 K. Compared with the FB system, the EF system allowed control of water availability, which slowed plant growth, and increased oxygen concentration in the root zone. Both EF and FB systems are suitable for cabbage transplant production.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cabbage Seedling Growth in Four Transplant Production Systems

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 976-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Frantz ◽  
Gregory E. Welbaum ◽  
Zhengxing Shen ◽  
Ron Morse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
And Control

“Float-bed” (FB) is a simple hydroponic system used by the tobacco industry for transplant production. “Ebb-and-flood” (EF) is a modified FB system with periodic draining of the bed to limit water availability and control plant growth. Field-bed cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. gp. Capitata) transplant production was compared with FB, EF, and overhead-irrigated plug-tray greenhouse systems. Plants were produced in May and June and transplanted in a field near Blacksburg, Va., in June and July of 1994 and 1995, respectively. Beds for FB and EF production consisted of galvanized metal troughs (3.3 × 0.8 × 0.3 m) lined with a double layer of 0.075-mm-thick black plastic film. In 1994, both EF and FB seedlings were not hardened before transplanting, were severely stressed after transplanting, and had higher seedling mortality compared with plants from other systems. Plug-tray transplants showed the greatest increase in leaf area following transplanting and matured earlier than seedlings produced in other systems. In 1995, EF- and FB-grown cabbage plants were hardened by withholding water before transplanting, and seedlings had greater fresh mass and leaf area than plug-tray or field-bed seedlings 3.5 weeks after transplanting. Less succulent cabbage transplants were grown in EF and FB systems containing 66 mg·L-1 N (40% by nitrate) and 83 mg·L-1 K. Compared with the FB system, the EF system allowed control of water availability, which slowed plant growth, and increased oxygen concentration in the root zone. Both EF and FB systems are suitable for cabbage transplant production.

scholarly journals 331 Late Planting Reduces Annual Artichoke Productivity

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 500B-500
Author(s):  
D.T. Drost ◽  
N. Philips ◽  
N. Thomsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Black Plastic

Artichoke, a cool-season, frost-tolerant, but freeze-sensitive, crop, was investigated for annual production in Utah. The objectives were to assess the effects of alternative cropping methods on growth and productivity. Artichoke (`Imperial Star') was seeded in January or February and grown for 3 months before transplanting to the field. Plants were planted in bare soil, through plastic mulch or through plastic with floating rowcovers in April or May. Plant growth (leaf area), environmental conditions, and yield (number, weight, and quality) were monitored throughout the year. Planting date and mulching treatments had a significant effect on plant growth and productivity. Leaf area was greatest at all measurement dates as temperature adjacent to the plant increased (plastic with cover > plastic > bare soil). Early planting had greater yield than late planting regardless of mulching treatment. There was no difference in final yield between the plastic mulch and plastic plus cover at early plantings, although yields were higher than in bare soil. However, late planting through plastic with rowcovers significantly reduced bud yields compared to bare soil or black plastic only. While higher temperatures associated with plastic and rowcovers increased plant growth, increased temperatures under covers after the May planting date devernalized artichoke seedlings, which contributed to the lower yields late in the season.

scholarly journals Penapisan isolat rizobakteri indigenos untuk pengendalian (Ganoderma boninense) di pre nursery kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/4665 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Yulmira Yanti ◽  
Imam Rifai ◽  
Yogie Aditya Pratama ◽  
Muhammad Ihsan Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Basal Stem Rot ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
And Control

Rizobakteri merupakan kelompok bakteri yang aktif mengkolonisasi akar tanaman, meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengendalikan patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat rizobakteri indigenous  terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit dan mengendalikan penyakit busuk pangkal batang di pre-nursery kelapa sawit secara in planta serta karakterisasi kemampuan antagonisnya secara in vitro. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental terdiri atas 3 tahap dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL): (1) Isolasi dan karakterisasi isolat rizobakteri indigenous  di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat, (2) Pengujian isolat rizobakteri indigenous  (RBI) sebagai plant growth promoting rihzobacteria (PGPR), dan untuk pengendalian G.boninense di pre-nursery kelapa sawit terdiri dari 29 perlakuan (27 isolat RBI, tanpa inokulasi G. boninense sebagai kontrol positif, dan inokulasi G. boninense sebagai kontrol negatif) dengan masing-masing 5 ulangan, serta (3) Pengujian aktivitas antagonisme isolat RBI terhadap G. boninense. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam, apabila berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Least Significance Different (LSD) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diperoleh tiga isolat terbaik (R10 2.2, R9 2.1, dan R10 2.3) yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit dan menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang G.boninense secara in planta dan in vitro.ABSTRACTRhizobacteria is a group of bacteria that actively colonize plant roots, increase growth and control plant pathogen. The objective of the research was to obtain indigenous rhizobacteria isolate (RBI) to increase growth and control basal stem rot on oil palm seedlings in in planta and characterize of antagonistic ability in in vitro. Experimental research consisted of 3 stages by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD): (1) Isolation of indigenous rhizobacteria in West Pasaman region, (2) Indigenous rhizobacteria isolate testing as a plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and to control of G. boninense on pre nursery of oil palm consisted of 29 treatments (27 RBI isolates, without G. boninense inoculation as positive control, and G. boninense inoculation as negative control) with 5 replications each. (3) Testing of RBI isolate antagonism activity towards G. boninense. Data were analyzed by variance, if the result significantly different, it was continued by using Least Significance Different (LSD) at 5% level. The results showed that best three isolates (R10 2.2, R9 2.1 and R10 2.3) were able to increase growth of palm oil and to suppress the development of G.boninense basal stem rot in in planta and in in vitro.

scholarly journals Sensor-Based Irrigation Reduces Water Consumption without Compromising Yield and Postharvest Quality of Soilless Green Bean

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Michela Palumbo ◽  
Massimiliano D’Imperio ◽  
Vincenzo Tucci ◽  
Maria Cefola ◽  
Bernardo Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Crop Performance

Real-time monitoring of substrate parameters in the root-zone through dielectric sensors is considered a promising and feasible approach for precision irrigation and fertilization management of greenhouse soilless vegetable crops. This research investigates the effects of timer-based (TIMER) compared with dielectric sensor-based irrigation management with different irrigation set-points [SENSOR_0.35, SENSOR_0.30 and SENSOR_0.25, corresponding to substrate volumetric water contents (VWC) of 0.35, 0.30 and 0.25 m3 m−3, respectively] on water use, crop performance, plant growth and physiology, product quality and post-harvest parameters of soilless green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv Maestrale). In SENSOR treatments, an automatic system managed irrigation in order to maintain substrate moisture constantly close to the specific irrigation set-point. The highest water amount was used in TIMER treatment, with a water saving of roughly 36%, 41% and 47% in SENSOR_0.35, SENSOR_0.30 and SENSOR_0.25, respectively. In TIMER, the leaching rate was ≈31% of the total water consumption, while little leaching (<10%) was observed in SENSOR treatments. TIMER and SENSOR_0.35 resulted in similar plant growth and yield, while irrigation set-points corresponding to lower VWC values (SENSOR_0.30 and SENSOR_0.25) resulted in inadequate water availability conditions and impaired the crop performance. The study confirms that rational sensor-based irrigation allows to save water without compromising anyhow the product quality. In SENSOR irrigation management, in fact, especially in the case of optimal water availability conditions, it was possible to obtain high quality pods, with fully satisfactory characteristics during storage at 7 °C for 15 days.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll Fluorescence, Photosynthesis and Growth of Tomato Plants as Affected by Long-Term Oxygen Root Zone Deprivation and Grafting

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Paolo Mauro ◽  
Michele Agnello ◽  
Miriam Distefano ◽  
Leo Sabatino ◽  
Alberto San Bautista Primo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Variable Fluorescence ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Root Hypoxia ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effects of the O2 root zone level and grafting on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis and growth of cherry tomato grown in a hydroponic system. Two O2 concentrations in the root zone, namely Ox (saturation level) and Ox- (2–3 mg L−1), were applied for 30 days on self-grafted cherry tomato Dreamer or grafted onto the hybrids Arnold, Beaufort, Maxifort and Top Pittam. Root hypoxia increased minimum fluorescence (by 10%) while it decreased variable fluorescence and the maximum quantum yield of PSII (up to 16 and 8%, respectively). Moreover, it reduced leaf photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance (by 12, 17 and 13%, respectively), whereas it increased leaf electrolyte leakage (by 2.1%). The graft combinations showed a different ability in buffering the effects of root hypoxia on plant growth and related components, and these differences were related to their root biomass. The minimum fluorescence was negatively correlated to plant growth, so it may be a useful indicator to select tolerant rootstocks to root hypoxia. Our results suggest the occurrence of both diffusive and metabolic constraints to tomato photosynthesis under root hypoxia, a condition that can be mitigated by selecting rootstocks with a more developed root system.

scholarly journals Development of Precission Farming Hydropoonic Model Based On Internet of Things Using Arduino

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1946-1955
Author(s):  
Budi Tjahjono ◽  
Kundang Karsono ◽  
Lista Meria
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
And Control

Agricultural land in urban areas was needed for community food security. Narrow agricultural land posed obstacles in the implementation of urban agriculture. Hydroponi is a solution for agricultureal development on narrow land. Precesion farming was needed to maintain plant growth. Hydroponic system required regulation of air and water temperature, humidity, water level, pH, water nutrient. This study used SDLC methodology. The result of this research is an automatic hydroponic implementation that can monitor and control an Internet of Things based hydroponic system using Arduino.

scholarly journals Accelerator™ Containers Alter Plant Growth and the Root-zone Environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Arnold ◽  
Garry V. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Fraxinus Velutina ◽  
Substrate Moisture ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Plastic Containers

Abstract Five species of trees, Fraxinus velutina Torr., Pistacia chinensis Bunge, Platanus occidentalis L., Quercus virginiana Mill., and Ulmus parvifolia Jacq., were first grown in conventional black plastic liner containers (0.45 liter, 0.41 qt) then transplanted to black plastic containers filled with 25 liters (7 gal) of substrate and grown to marketable size. The same species were grown in Accelerator liners and then transplanted to open bottom, air-root pruning, cylindrical, aluminum (Accelerator) containers filled with equal volumes of substrate. Plant growth characteristics, root-zone temperatures, and substrate moisture status were measured. As with many container technologies, responses were species dependent. Growth of Q. virginiana was reduced in Accelerator liner containers compared to conventional black plastic liners. Root coverage on the periphery of the rootballs were reduced on U. parvifolia grown in 25 liter (7 gal) containers compared to those in black plastic containers. Growth of U. parvifolia, F. velutina, and Q. virginiana were similar in the larger black plastic and Accelerator containers. Growth of P. chinensis and P. occidentalis were greater in the larger Accelerator containers than in the larger conventional black plastic containers. Root-zone temperatures, particularly at the periphery of the rootball, were significantly reduced on warm days in Accelerator containers compared to those in black plastic containers. Substrate in Accelerator containers were slightly drier than that in black plastic containers.

scholarly journals Effect of Reduced Irrigation on Growth and Flowering of Coneflower and Sneezeweed

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Moisture Sensor ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Reduced irrigation (RI) can be used to reduce irrigation volume as well as to control plant growth. The timing and duration of RI applications can affect overall plant growth and flowering. Knowledge of plant response to RI can allow growers to control growth and plant form. The objective of this study was to quantify flower and overall plant growth of ‘PAS702917’coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) and ‘Helbro’ sneezeweed (Helenium hybrida) in response to RI. A soil-moisture sensor automated irrigation system was used to apply four irrigation treatments: RI and well-watered (WW) controls (25% or 38%) and two alternating treatments to apply RI for either the first 2 weeks (25% followed by 38%, RIWW treatment) or final 4 weeks (38% followed by 25%, WWRI treatment) of the 6-week study. For the sneezeweed experiment, RI was reduced to 20%. For coneflower, peduncle length was greater for the WW (36.8 cm) and RIWW treatments (35.7 cm) than the RI (27.0 cm) and WWRI treatments (26.6 cm). Shoot dry weight, compactness, leaf area, and flower number were not significant. For sneezeweed, WW plants were taller (57.2 cm) and had greater shoot dry weight (49.8 g) than plants in other treatments. WW plants also had more flowers (99) than WWRI (63) and RI (67) plants, which were more compact. Total leaf area did not differ between treatments for either species. Total irrigation volume was greatest for WW plants (5.2 and 15.1 L/plant for coneflower and sneezeweed, respectively), with RI at any point during the experiment resulting in water savings.

scholarly journals Photoreceptors and Control of Horticultural Plant Traits

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1274-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Folta ◽  
Sofia D. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Plant Behavior ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
And Control

Plant productivity and product quality ultimately are dependent on an interaction between genetics and environment, and one of the most important environmental cues is light. Light quantity, quality, and duration provide critical information to plants that mediate growth and development. Light signal transduction is dependent on a series of photoreceptors and their associated signaling pathways that direct intracellular processes that lead to changes in gene expression that ultimately affect plant form, function, and content. For the last several decades, scientists have dissected these signaling pathways and understand how they connect the environment to a response. The advent of narrow-bandwidth illumination in commercial lighting invites the opportunity to manipulate plant behavior and productivity through precise alteration of the ambient spectrum. This review describes the biochemical links that convert incident light into predictable changes in plant growth and development. These sensors and pathways serve as biochemical switches that can be selectively toggled to control plant growth, development, physiology, or metabolite accumulation.

scholarly journals Metalized-striped Plastic Mulch Reduces Root-zone Temperatures during Establishment and Increases Early-season Yields of Annual Winter Strawberry

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen S. Deschamps ◽  
Shinsuke Agehara
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Black Plastic

Black plastic mulch is used predominantly for winter strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) production in Florida because of its warming effects. However, black plastic mulch can increase heat stress during establishment, especially when growers advance planting dates (e.g., late September) to improve earliness. Consequently, we designed a new plastic mulch film that has a metalized center stripe with black shoulders. We hypothesized that metalized-striped mulch can minimize heat stress during establishment, while maintaining the warming effects of black mulch during winter. We conducted field trials over two seasons to evaluate black mulch, fully metalized mulch, and metalized-striped mulch using two cultivars differing in heat stress tolerance and fruit production patterns: ‘Florida Radiance’ and ‘Florida Beauty’. The effect of plastic mulch type on plant growth and yield was generally consistent across both seasons. Compared with black mulch, metalized-striped mulch reduced afternoon root-zone temperature (RZT) by up to 3.1 °C and reduced the duration of heat stress conditions (RZT > 30 °C) by 119 hours across October and November, but exhibited equivalent soil warming during winter. Yield increases by metalized-striped mulch compared with black mulch ranged from 19% to 34% in the early season (November–January), 6% to 20% in the late season (February–March), and 12% to 26% over the entire season. Statistical significance was detected for the 2016–17 early-season yield and when yield data were expressed on a weekly basis. Compared with black mulch, metalized-striped mulch improved fruit number significantly without affecting fruit weight or canopy area, suggesting that heat stress on black mulch negatively affects flower and fruit development more than plant growth. Weekly fruit yield data indicate that metalized-striped mulch can produce greater yields than fully metalized mulch. Metalized-striped mulch is an easily implementable strategy for reducing establishment heat stress and improving fruit earliness in subtropical winter strawberry production regions.

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