scholarly journals Composting As an Alternative Management Strategy for Wild Taro Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Jen A. Sembera ◽  
Tina M. Waliczek ◽  
Erica J. Meier
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Mechanical Cutting

Wild taro (Colocasia esculenta) is identified as an invasive species in freshwater regions throughout the southeastern United States as well as Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and India, and thrives in freshwater swamps, streambanks, and riparian areas with rocky crevices that provide strong footholds. Management methods for the plant include using herbicides, mechanical cutting, manual removal, or a combination of methods with disposal into landfills. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential to manage wild taro waste using composting and to test the quality of the resulting compost. This study used ≈12 yard3 of wild taro mixed with food waste and regionally harvested wood chips to create ≈6 yard3 of cured compost. Oven propagule mortality tests determined wild taro propagules exposed to temperatures between 45 and 52 °C for a minimum of 3 days were killed. These temperatures were achieved during the active phase of the composting process. The final compost products created were of equal or higher quality to current compost standards. Therefore, this study determined composting and waste management industries can accept and incorporate wild taro as a feedstock to create a desirable compost product for application in the horticulture and agriculture fields rather than managing the species with herbicides and/or other disposal methods.

scholarly journals Composting as an Alternative Management Strategy for Sargassum Drifts on Coastlines

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen A. Sembera ◽  
Erica J. Meier ◽  
Tina M. Waliczek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Beach Communities

Massive drifts of sargassum (Sargassum fluitans and Sargassum natans) float onto the United States Gulf, Atlantic, and European shorelines regularly throughout the spring and summer months. To maintain tourist appeal and subsequently, the tourism industry, the standard practice of Texas beach communities has been to mechanically remove the sargassum seaweed and integrate it into dunes along the shoreline or dispose of the material in the landfill. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential to manage the invasive species sargassum using composting and to test the quality of the resulting compost. This study used ≈12 yard3 of sargassum as a feedstock mixed with cafeteria food waste and local wood chips, using a total of ≈72 yard3 of feedstocks, to create nearly 25 yard3 of stabilized compost. The final compost products were of equal or higher quality to current compost standards. Therefore, this study determined that the composting and waste management industries can use sargassum as a feedstock to create a desirable compost product that could be used in the horticulture and agriculture industries, while helping to manage this invasive species.

Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Miller ◽  
B. W. Beasley ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
F. J. Larney ◽  
X. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Barley Silage

Miller, J. J., Beasley, B. W., Drury, C. F., Larney, F. and Hao, X. 2015. Influence of long-term manure application on mineral composition of irrigated barley silage. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 759–770. The long-term effect of land application of manure type (composted vs. stockpiled manure), bedding type (wood-chips vs. straw), and application rate on feed quality of barley silage as feed for beef cattle is unknown. We measured selected minerals [P, Ca, Ca:P ratio, Mg, K, K:(Ca+Mg) ratio, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu] of irrigated barley silage (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a clay loam soil after 4 (2002), 7 (2005) and 11 (2009) years of annual applications of composted (CM) or stockpiled (SM) feedlot manure with wood-chips (WD) or straw (ST) bedding at three application rates (13, 39, 77Mg ha−1 dry wt.). The treatments also included an unamended control and inorganic fertilizer treatment. Manure type generally had inconsistent or no significant (P≤0.05) effect on the concentrations of these minerals in barley silage. Most crop minerals were generally greater under ST than WD. The findings for P, K, Na, and K:(Ca+Mg) ratio generally supported our hypothesis of greater crop concentrations with greater application rate, but Ca and Mg decreased at higher rates. Overall, our findings suggest that bedding and application rate have more potential than manure type for managing the feed quality of barley silage.

scholarly journals Improving quality of care during childbirth in primary health centres: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial in India

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. e000907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Agarwal ◽  
Deepak Chawla ◽  
Minakshi Sharma ◽  
Shyama Nagaranjan ◽  
Suresh K Dalpath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Stepped Wedge ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Cluster Randomised ◽  
Primary Health Centres ◽  
Health Centres

BackgroundLow/middle-income countries need a large-scale improvement in the quality of care (QoC) around the time of childbirth in order to reduce high maternal, fetal and neonatal mortality. However, there is a paucity of scalable models.MethodsWe conducted a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial in 15 primary health centres (PHC) of the state of Haryana in India to test the effectiveness of a multipronged quality management strategy comprising capacity building of providers, periodic assessments of the PHCs to identify quality gaps and undertaking improvement activities for closure of the gaps. The 21-month duration of the study was divided into seven periods (steps) of 3  months each. Starting from the second period, a set of randomly selected three PHCs (cluster) crossed over to the intervention arm for rest of the period of the study. The primary outcomes included the number of women approaching the PHCs for childbirth and 12 directly observed essential practices related to the childbirth. Outcomes were adjusted with random effect for cluster (PHC) and fixed effect for ‘months of intervention’.ResultsThe intervention strategy led to increase in the number of women approaching PHCs for childbirth (26 vs 21 women per PHC-month, adjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.22; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.28). Of the 12 practices, 6 improved modestly, 2 remained near universal during both intervention and control periods, 3 did not change and 1 worsened. There was no evidence of change in mortality with a majority of deaths occurring either during referral transport or at the referral facilities.ConclusionA multipronged quality management strategy enhanced utilisation of services and modestly improved key practices around the time of childbirth in PHCs in India.Trial registration numberCTRI/2016/05/006963.

scholarly journals MENADŽMENT I PLANIRANJE LJUDSKIH RESURSA / MANAGEMENT AND PLANING HUMAN RESOURCES

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Panić ◽  
Jana Cvijić ◽  
Nada Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Resources Management

The importance study shows is based on the possibility of a company that through proper human resources management strategy achieved an increase in effectiveness and efficiency, and therefore the productivity of business in the conditions of high competition. Strategic management of human resources is an important part of the sphere of management, and is based on a theoretical - practical knowledge in the field of work psychology. Human resource management can significantly influence the behavior of employees, their attitudes and success. People, their skills, knowledge and information are the characteristic of the each organization and can not be copied. It must be borne in mind that human resource management can fail if the pursuit organitzacija hire the wrong people, or if they are not motivated enough to their employed. Human resources management strategy needs to be aligned with the company’s strategy. Basic objectives and methods of human resource management needs to ensure the success of the company. Human resources management strategy has an important operational and managerial function carried out by managers of human reusrse. Management Strategy managers are determined by the quality of employees and their potential. The objectives of human resources management in the organization is directly related to the individual indicators work and results achieved by the employees. From the quality of motivation and stimulation of employees rise to its productivity, loyalty and quality of work. At the organizational level, human resource management strategy should be aimed at increasing the level of average productivity, improving quality, improving working conditions. Planing human resources is achieved competitive strategy of the organization. All of that contribute the most to employees and their productive possibility.

scholarly journals Social relationships among captive male pygmy slow lorises (Nycticebus pygmaeus): Is forming male same-sex pairs a feasible management strategy?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Yamanashi ◽  
Kei Nemoto ◽  
Josue Alejandro
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Slow Loris ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Inactive Phase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Management

Little is known about the social behavior of pygmy slow lorises, in particular, the social relationships of same sex individuals have rarely been investigated. The Slow Loris Conservation Centre was built at the Japan Monkey Centre to enhance the welfare of confiscated slow lorises, promote their conservation, improve public education and perform scientific research on the species. In the course of improving housing conditions, several same-sex pairs of pygmy slow lorises were formed. We monitored their behaviors and fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (FGM) levels to understand whether male same sex pairings could be a feasible management strategy. The subjects were 10 male and 6 female lorises for comparison, all of whom were over five years old. We successfully formed five pairs of male lorises after eight formation attempts. Male pairs initially showed some aggressive behaviors; however, the rate decreased approximately 10 days after introduction. All of the male pairs eventually exhibited extensive affiliative social behaviors, including allogrooming and social play, during the dark (active) phase, and sleep site sharing during the light (inactive) phase. The rate of sleep site sharing during the light phase was higher than expected, suggesting that the pairs preferred to stay near each other. There was no evidence of increased stress after a long period of male male social housing. Female same sex pairs and male female pairs demonstrated a high level of affiliative behaviors right after introduction. These results highlight the flexibility and high sociability of this species and indicate that such same sex pairings are a feasible option for their social management.

Multi-method Legal Research

2020 ◽  
pp. 469-496
Author(s):  
P. Ishwara Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Research Integration ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Quality Of Research

Multifaceted study of law, owing to complex social problems attached to it, calls for the combination of several methods of research. Integration rather than isolated application of methods of research leads to multi-method legal research (MMLR). It combines doctrinal and non-doctrinal research, qualitative and quantitative research, and a combination of various methods within each. This method is highly valuable as it looks at law from different angles, uses interdisciplinary research, collaborates with community or stakeholders, and avoids undetected errors arising from the use of mono-method. The synergy of using deductive and inductive reasoning enhances quality of research. The procedure of MMLR is not rigid. Therefore, research design should consider the suitability of combination; combination of methods should be linked with theory; sequential or simultaneous application of multiple methods should be carefully executed; and management of MMLR should be smooth. MMLR’s use in research on vulnerable groups, development issues, and biographical and behavioural studies is of great importance.

scholarly journals Review: Reduction of energy consumption in TMP refining through mechanical pre-treatment of wood chips

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Gorski ◽  
Jan Hill ◽  
Per Engstrand ◽  
Lars Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Chip Size ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Pulp Properties ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption

Abstract This review covers the effect of mechanical pre-treatment of wood chips on the energy consumption in refining and the quality of pulp. To understand the mechanisms of mechanical pre-treatment, a short description of relevant refining theory and reported effects of pre-treatment on wood morphology is given. Mechanical pre-treatment offers a chance to utilize the energy needed to defibrate chips in a more efficient way, minimizing the cyclic elastic deformations which are the main defibration mechanism in refining. Studies of fibre morphology indicate that compressive pretreatment mechanically introduces favorable weak points in the S1 and S2 fibre walls where defibration proceeds easier upon subsequent refining. Published results which cover the effect of the pretreatment on energy consumption and pulp properties are reviewed. Energy reduction of between 10% and 30% is reported in the literature. High ratio of volumetric compression is necessary. Pressurized conditions are required to ensure that the fibres are not damaged during the pre-treatment. Other effects of compressive pretreatment include a more uniform chip size and moisture content, better penetration of chemicals and removal of extractives from the chips. A list of equipment used for chip pre-compression is provided together with published results of pilot-scale and mill-scale operation.

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