scholarly journals Influence of Day and Night Temperatures on Sweet Pepper Seedling Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Si ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum `Resistant Giant no. 4') seedlings were grown for 6 weeks in 128-cell plug trays under 16 day/night temperature (DT/NT) regimes from 14 to 26 °C. Seedling stem length, internode length, stem diameter, leaf area, internode and leaf count, plant volume, shoot dry weight (DW), seedling index, and leaf unfolding rate (LUR) were primarily functions of average daily temperature (ADT); i.e., DT and NT had similar effects on each growth or development parameter. Compared to ADT, the difference (DIF, where DIF = DT - NT) between DT and NT had a smaller but still statistically significant effect on stem and internode length, leaf area, plant volume, stem diameter, and seedling index. DIF had no effect on internode and leaf count, shoot DW, and LUR. The root: shoot ratio and leaf reflectance were affected by DT and DIF. Positive DIF (DT higher than NT) caused darker-green leaf color than negative DIF. The node at which the first flower initiated was related to NT. The number of nodes to the first flower on pepper plugs grown at 26 C NT was 1.2 fewer than those of plants grown at 14 °C NT.

scholarly journals Influence of Day and Night Temperature on Development of Sweet Pepper Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 862B-862
Author(s):  
Yaping Si ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
The Difference

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum `Resistant Giant #4') seedlings were grown in 128-cell plug trays under 16 day/night temperature (DT/NT) regimes from 14 to 26C. In this temperature range, plant stem height, leaf unfolding rate, plant volume, internode length, stem diameter, leaf area, and shoot dry weight were primarily functions of average daily temperature (ADT). Internode length increased as ADT or the difference between day and night temperature (DIF) increased. The root-to-shoot ratio decreased linearly as DT increased and was not significantly affected by NT. Leaves were darker green under positive DIF than negative DIF temperature regimes. Increasing NT from 14 to 26C reduced the node at which the first flower appeared by an average of 1.2 nodes. Percent abortion of the first flower increased as DT increased. Plant quality, as defined by seedling index [(dry weight × stem diameter)/internode length], increased as DIF became more negative.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth and Recovery in Response to Waterlogging of Wheat Cultivars Grown in the Yangtze River Basin of China from Three Different Decades

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Ding ◽  
Shengnan Su ◽  
Yuxue Zhang ◽  
Chunyan Li ◽  
Xinkai Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Waterlogging is a major constraint on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production, especially in the Yangtze River Basin of China (YR). A container experiment was designed to investigate wheat-seedling growth and short-term recoveryin response to waterlogging. Cultivars commonly grown in theYR from three different decades, namely, Yangmai 1 (1970s), Yangmai 158 (1990s), and Yangfumai 4 (2010s), were selected. Seedling waterlogging significantly postponed leaf development, as well as decreased the number of tillers and adventitious roots per plant, seedling height, leaf area, specific leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio. After a 20-day recovery phase, the leaf stage, seedling height, and root/shoot ratio recovered to the control level, whereas the adverse effects of waterlogging on the number of tillers per plant, leaf area, and shoot dry weight intensified. Significant differences were found in seedling growth among the three wheat cultivars. Yangfumai 4 showed the highest number of adventitious rootsper plant and the highest specific leaf dry weightbut the lowest seedling height, leaf area, and dry weights of shoots and roots. However, Yangfumai 4 showed the lowest percentage decrease in all growth parameters after both waterlogging and recovery. These results suggested thatimprovement inadventitious root numberper plant and specific leaf dry weight may be indicators ofresistance to waterlogging in wheat.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization of Florida-grown Tomato Transplants: Seasonal Variation in Greenhouse and Field Performance

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Vavrina ◽  
G.J. Hochmuth ◽  
J.A. Cornell ◽  
S.M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Seasonal Responses

Fall-grown tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants were larger than spring-grown transplants when fertilized in the greenhouse with NH3NO3 at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, or 75 mg·L-1 N in a standard 1/4 strength Hoagland's solution. All transplant growth characteristics measured (stem length, leaf area and number, root and shoot dry mass) increased linearly with increasing N in both seasons. However, in the fall, when greenhouse temperatures and light levels were higher, stem length, leaf area, root: shoot ratio, and the ratio of shoot dry weight: leaf area responded quadratically. In the spring, total fruit yield and production of extra-large fruit increased with increasing transplant N fertilization, but the opposite trend occurred in the fall. These differing seasonal responses suggest fundamental differences in tomato transplant growth that must be addressed by modifications in N fertilization between spring and fall.

scholarly journals GROWTH, WATER RELATIONS, AND PHOTOSYMTHESIS ARE REDUCED BY DECREASING SOIL MOISTURE IN 'MARY WASHINGTON ' AND 'SYN 4-56' ASPARAGUS SEEDLINGS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 596d-596
Author(s):  
Darlene Wilcox-Lee ◽  
Daniel T. Drost
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Mature Field

Seedlings of the asparagus cvs Mary Washington (MW) and Syn 4-56 (4-56) were grown at minimum soil matric potentials (SMP) of -0.05, -0.10, and -0.30, -0.50 or -1.5 MPa. Decreases in shoot dry weight leaf area, storage and fibrous root dry weights, and total root and plant dry weight were an exponential function of soil moisture in both cvs. Most of the growth inhibition occurred between the -0.05 and the -0.30 MPa levels of soil moisture, with little further response to SMP drier than -0.30 MPa. Consistent differences between the two cvs, regardless of SMP were apparent in leaf area, shoot dry weight, storage and fibrous root dry weights and root/shoot ratios. MW produced greater leaf area and shoot dry weights than did 4-56 at high SMP and exhibited greater inhibition of shoot dry weight by low SMP than did 4-56. Conversely, 4-56 produced greater storage root dry weight than MW at all SMP., although in mature field-grown plants, 4-56 produced greater fern weight, crown weight and number and stem numbers than MW. Root/shoot ratios generally increased with decreasing SMP. However, the root/shoot ratio of 4-56 was greater than that of MW over the entire range of soil moisture and increased more with decreasing SMP than did MW. Stomatal conductance (gs), fern xylem potential (), and net C02 assimilation rates decreased with decreasing SMP in a similar manner in both cvs. were

EFFETS DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTÉE SUR LA CROISSANCE DE TRANSPLANTS DE TOMATE ET DE LAITUE CULTIVÉS EN PLATEAUX MULTICELLULAIRES AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN MASSON ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
NICOLAS TREMBLAY
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Springset’) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ’Ithaca’) transplants were grown under natural and supplemental light (100 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and fertilized with four nitrogen doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L−1 N). Supplemental light increased tomato shoot dry weight, shoot percent dry matter, leaf area, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. Lettuce transplants showed increased shoot and root dry weight as well as leaf area when supplemental light was present. For both species, nitrogen increased shoot dry weight and leaf area, but decreased shoot percent dry matter and root-to-shoot ratio. High nitrogen doses increased tomato and lettuce shoot dry weight and leaf area chiefly under supplemental light.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, Lactuca sativa, pretransplanting nutritional conditioning, seedling

Growth and water relationships of red spruce seedlings exposed to atmospheric deposition and drought

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce R. Roberts ◽  
William N. Cannon Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Red Spruce ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Xylem Water Potential ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

Two-year-old containerized seedlings of red spruce (Picearubens Sarg.) were subjected to ozone (O3) fumigation (0.25 ppm), simulated acid rain (pH 4.2 or 3.0), and drought prior to measurement of changes in growth and plant water status. Drought caused a significant decline in terminal height growth and new-shoot dry weight, but old-shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio were not appreciably affected. Deposition treatment (O3 and (or) acid rain) influenced both shoot and root dry weight but did not significantly affect height or root/shoot ratio. Treatment with either 0.25 ppm O3 alone or pH 3.0 rainfall alone caused the greatest reduction in growth, while treatment with 0.25 ppm O3 + pH 4.2 rain had the least effect. The influence of deposition treatment generally was more pronounced in seedlings subjected to drought than in well-watered plants. Seedlings subjected to drought had lower (more negative) water potentials than well-watered plants regardless of deposition treatment. While there were no significant differences in the water status of well-watered seedlings exposed to various deposition treatments, xylem water potential and osmotic potential of drought-stressed seedlings treated with O3 alone were consistently lower than these characteristics in seedlings treated with O3 + acid rain together. Except for one deposition treatment (0.25 ppm O3 + pH 3.0 rain) there was no evidence for osmotic adjustment of red spruce seedlings in response to stress factors imposed in this study.

scholarly journals Adaptation Selection of Plants for Utilization in Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated by Crude Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Fadliah Salim ◽  
Yadi Setiadi ◽  
Didy Sopandie ◽  
Mohamad Yani
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The research on adaptation selection for utilization in phytoremediation of soil contaminated by crude oil using four type plants, such as Helianthus annuus, Paspalum conjugatum, Sorghum bicolor, and Tagetes erecta were conducted. The adaptability of four types of plants  on crude oil contaminated soil at total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) level at 0, 3, and 6% were observed and evaluated to their morphological and anatomical responses. Parameters observed were vegetative growth of plants including growth precentage, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root/shoot ratio, total dry weight, and stomatal density for 9 weeks cultivation in screen house. The results show that increasing in TPH level caused in significant reductions on morphological of four plants, such as percentage of plant growth, plant height, number of leaves, root length, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and total dry weight. In contrast, the increasing in TPH level caused to increasing in root/shoot ratio. The four types of plants studied were effective to be used as plants for phytoremediation of petroleum contaminated soil. The plants of P. conjugatum and S. bicolor are recommended as phytoremediators for further studies.

scholarly journals Development of pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) of sugarcane under different amounts of filter cake and application modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisele Silva de Aquino ◽  
João Gilberto Sampaio dos Santos ◽  
Tayna Gomes Diniz ◽  
Cristiane De Conti Medina ◽  
Raffaella Rosseto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Filter Cake ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Red Latosol

The sugarcane pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) system is a new multiplication technology that contributes to the rapid production of seedlings and is associated with a high standard of vegetal health, vigour and uniformity of planting, as well as a drastic reduction in the use of seedlings per area. Due to the high moisture required during the initial period of growth, the filter cake can be an ally in the development of this technology. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the development of sugarcane PSS, under different amounts of filter cake and application modes. The treatments included five doses of filter cake at 0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 45 t ha-1 and two forms of application: depth (0.30 m) and surface. Once formed, the sugarcane PPS were planted in Eutroferric Red Latosol, with due treatments. For aerial development analyses, leaf area, stem length and diameter and shoot dry mass were evaluated at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting. The filter cake positively influenced the development of pre-sprouted seedlings, promoting greater leaf area and stalk diameter when applied on the surface. The dose of 30 t ha-1 to the surface, provided 54% higher shoot dry weight and 56% more dry weight of roots compared to cultivation without its application, demonstrating its usefulness to improve the development of pre-sprouted seedlings.

scholarly journals (111) Establishment of Root-bound Plumbago auriculata Lam. in a Landscape

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1078D-1078
Author(s):  
Sudeep Vyapari ◽  
Edmund L. Thralls ◽  
Michele S. Scheiber
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Harvest Dates

A study was conducted to evaluate establishment of root-bound vs. nonroot-bound container-grown Plumbago auriculata Lam. in a landscape. A total of 144 plants were transplanted from #1 containers in a rain-out shelter at Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Apopka, Fla., in June 2004. The field soil type was amended with composted yard waste. The three treatment types used for the study were: 1) root-bound plants; 2) root-bound plants with a vertical slice made through the root ball at a 90° angle; and 3) nonroot-bound plants. To evaluate the effect of these three treatments during the course of establishment period, harvesting was done once every 2 weeks. Data on growth indices (height × width × width), shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and length of the longest root were recorded. The experimental design was a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments, 12 harvest dates (days after planting), and four replicates per harvest date. Plants were maintained according to the best management practices recommended by the UF/IFAS, and were irrigated once a day using microirrigation. Experimental data were analyzed for significance of correlation among variables using SAS version 9.1. Results of the correlation and regression analysis indicated that the increase in the shoot dry weights (g), root dry weights (g), growth indices (m3), and root: shoot ratio had significant relationship with the harvest dates. Correlation among harvest dates and shoot dry weight, root dry weight, or growth indices was found to be positive. However, results of the study indicated that as the number of days after planting increased, the root to shoot ratio decreased.

scholarly journals Growth of Coreopis and Plumbago in Plastic and Cu(OH)2-Impregnated Fiber Containers

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-302
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter
Keyword(s):  
Root Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Perennial Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Container Type

A study was conducted with Coreopsis verticillata L. `Moonbeam' and Plumbago auriculata Lam. to evaluate the growth of these perennial plants in 2.6-liter (#1) black plastic containers (BPCs) compared to plants grown in fiber containers with Cu(OH)2 (FCs+) impregnated into the container walls. Coreopsis root and shoot dry weight was unaffected by container type, whereas Plumbago root and shoot dry weight was greater (2.2× and 1.6×, respectively) for plants grown in FCs+ compared to BPCs. The root : shoot ratio of Plumbago increased 30% when plants were grown in FCs+ compared to BPCs. Root circling was effectively controlled for both species grown in the FCs+. FCs remained in salable condition for the duration of the study. In contrast to untreated FCs, FCs+ will have to be removed at transplanting to allow for normal root development.

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