Lovastatin Inhibits α-Farnesene Biosynthesis and Scald Development in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' Apples and `d'Anjou' Pears

Effects of Lovastatin treatment on ethylene production, α-farnesene biosynthesis, and scald development were studied using `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] and `d'Anjou' pears (Pyrus communis L.) stored in air at 0 °C. During 6 months storage, Lovastatin did not affect internal ethylene concentration but reduced α-farnesene production in a concentration dependent manner in both apples and pears. Lovastatin reduced scald at 0.63 mmol·L-1 and inhibited scald completely at 1.25 or 2.50 mmol·L-1 in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples. In `d'Anjou' pears, Lovastatin at concentrations from 0.25 to 1.25 mmol·L-1 inhibited scald completely. After 8 months storage, inhibition of scald in both apples and pears by Lovastatin was concentration-dependent but none of the concentrations totally eliminated scald. Compared with 11.8 mmol·L-1 diphenylamine, Lovastatin treatment reduced scald to the same level at 1.25 mmol·L-1 in `d'Anjou' pear and 2.50 mmol·L-1 in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples. Lovastatin did not affect apple or pear fruit color, firmness, soluble solids content, or titratable acidity during storage in either apple or pear compared with the controls. Chemical name used: [1S-[1a (R °), 3α, 7β, 8β (2S °, 4S °), 8αβ]]-1,2,3,7,8,8α-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthaienyl 2-methylbutanoate (Lovastatin).

Download Full-text

184 Lovastatin Inhibits α-Farnesene Biosynthesis and Scald Development in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' Apples and `d'Anjou' Pears

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.3.422c ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 422C-422

Author(s):

Zhiguo Ju ◽

Eric A. Curry

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Production ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Color ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Ethylene Concentration ◽

Soluble Solid ◽

Lovastatin Treatment

Effects of Lovastatin treatment on ethylene production, α-farnesene biosynthesis, and scald development were studied using `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples and `d'Anjou' pears stored in air at 0 °C. During 6 months of storage, Lovastatin did not affect internal ethylene concentration, but reduced α-farnesene production in a concentration-dependent manner in both apples and pears. Lovastatin reduced scald at 0.63 mmol·L-1 and inhibited scald completely at 1.25 or 2.50 mmol·L-1 in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples. In `d'Anjou' pears, Lovastatin at concentrations from 0.25 to 1.25 mmol·L-1 inhibited scald completely. After 8 months of storage, the inhibition of scald in both apples and pears by Lovastatin was concentration-dependent, but none of the concentrations eliminated scald. Compared with 11.8 mmol·L-1 diphenylamine (DPA), Lovastatin treatment reduced scald to the same level at 1.25 mmol·L-1 in `d'Anjou' pear and 2.50 mmol·L-1 in `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples. Compared to the controls, Lovastatin did not affect fruit color, firmness, soluble solid contents, or titratable acidity during storage in either apple or pear.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of fermented tea (kombucha) quality

Žemės ūkio mokslai ◽

10.6001/zemesukiomokslai.v26i4.4200 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Vanesa Šliažaitė ◽

Aurelija Paulauskienė ◽

Aurimas Krasauskas

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Total Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Fermentation Conditions ◽

Solids Content

The research was done at Aleksandras Stulginskis University (Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy since 2019) in 2017–2018. The research object was kombucha beverage brewed from Camellia sinensis L. black, green, oolong, pu-erh tea and fermented for 9 and 22 days by microorganisms at different room lighting conditions. The soluble solids content, active acidity and titratable acidity were determined in teas fermented for 22 days. The total amount of phenolics compounds, antioxidant activity, yeast colonies and sensory evaluation of tea were determined in teas fermented for 9 days. The research results showed that the quality of fermented tea was dependent on the tea species, but fermentation conditions were not essential. During the fermentation the soluble solids content of tea decreased by an average of 0.60% and the content of acetic acid increased by 0.34%. The highest content of acetic acid was found on the 22nd day of fermentation in all species of teas. The active acidity (pH) of all investigated species of teas decreased significantly during the fermentation process. The total content of phenolic compunds in all species of teas during the fermentation increased from 20 to 57% regardless of fermentation conditions. The highest content of total phenolic compounds was established in teas fermented for 9 days. The antioxidant activity of teas fermented for 9 days varied depending on the fermentation conditions. For black and green teas fermented in the light the antioxidant activity decreased, for oolong and pu-erh teas fermented in the dark the antioxidant activity increased. The number of yeast colonies increased in all tea samples during the fermentation. The best taste was fixed for pu-erh tea, which scored the highest (11.4) in sensory evaluation.

Download Full-text

Influence of stock on physical and chemical traits of fresh apricot fruit

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/v10247-012-0075-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 111-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Milošević ◽

N. Milošević ◽

I. Glišić ◽

G. Šekularac

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

The Other ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Solids Content ◽

Chemical Traits ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Fruit Mass

Abstract The study was conducted to determine the effects of Myrobalan rootstock and Blackthorn interstock on fruit physical and chemical traits of five apricot cultivars. The results showed that cultivars grafted on Myrobalan rootstock appear to induce a higher fruit mass when compared with the Blackthorn interstock. Blackthorn interstock showed a tendency to induce a higher soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio than Myrobalan. Values of soluble solids content, total sugars, titratable acidity and fruit firmness between Myrobalan rootstock and Blackthorn interstock were not significant. Regarding cultivars, the greatest fruit mass observed in Roxana in both treatments, and the lowest in Biljana on Myrobalan and in Vera on Blackthorn. The lowest soluble solids, total sugars and soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were found in Roxana in both variants of grafting, whereas the greatest titratable acidity also observed in Roxana in both cases, respectively. Based on the results from this study, the fruits of Roxana can be recommended for fresh consumption, whereas fruits of the other cultivars can be recommended for processing.

Download Full-text

Sequential fusion of information from two portable spectrometers for improved prediction of moisture and soluble solids content in pear fruit

Talanta ◽

10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121733 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 121733

Author(s):

Puneet Mishra ◽

Federico Marini ◽

Bastiaan Brouwer ◽

Jean Michel Roger ◽

Alessandra Biancolillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Pear Fruit ◽

Portable Spectrometers ◽

Solids Content

Download Full-text

Nondestructive Quality Screening of Green Tomatoes Using Ethylene Gas

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.641b ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 641b-641

Author(s):

F. Maul ◽

S.A. Sargent

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Short Exposure ◽

Internal Quality ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Nondestructive Technique ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Solids Content

The effects of prolonged ethylene exposure on external and internal quality parameters of tomato fruits were studied in order to explore the feasibility of its use as a nondestructive technique for screening immature and inferior quality fruit. `Agriset' and `CPT-5' tomatoes were hand harvested at Stage 1 (green) and held at 20°C and 50 ppm ethylene for 1-7 days. Each 24 hours, fruits reaching Stage 2 (breaker) were removed from C2H4 and transferred to 20°C air for subsequent ripening. Tomatoes were considered at edible maturity upon reaching full red-ripe stage and 4 mm deformation and final quality parameters were determined. For both cultivars, fruits which required prolonged C2H4 exposure to reach Stage 2 had lower overall visual appearance. `Agriset' tomatoes which required short exposure times to C2H4 (1 to 3 days) had somewhat higher quality than those requiring prolonged times (4 or 5 days). Days to reach edible maturity were 9.5 and 7.7, respectively. For the short exposure times, peel color was more intense (higher chroma value), while soluble solids content and total sugars were significantly higher (P = 0.05). Quality of `CPT-5' tomatoes was not adversely affected until requiring 6 or 7 days exposure to C2H4. Days to reach edible maturity decreased from an average of 12.5 to 11.0 for 1 to 5 or for 6 to 7 days exposure, respectively. For fruits requiring 7 days exposure, soluble solids content, total sugars and pH were significantly higher than for those reaching Stage 2 in fewer days. There were no significant differences in titratable acidity or ascorbic acid content for either cultivar.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Climate on Fruit Development and Quality of Four Low-chill Peach Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.3.666 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 666-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Todd W. Wert ◽

Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽

Jose X. Chaparro ◽

E. Paul Miller ◽

Robert E. Rouse

Keyword(s):

Fruit Development ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

North Central ◽

Southwest Florida ◽

The North ◽

Solids Content

The effect of climate was observed on fruit quality of four low-chill peach cultivars (Flordaprince, Flordaglo, UFGold, and TropicBeauty). The cultivars were evaluated in three locations (north–central, central, and southwest Florida). Soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), SSC:TA ratio, fruit weight, blush, and fruit development period (FDP) were determined. Longer FDPs were observed at the north–central location than at the southwest location. Fruit development and the expression of quality attributes were affected by location during fruit growth with higher color and SSC and shorter FDP occurring under warmer conditions. Within locations, ‘UFGold’ had the shortest FDP except at the southwest location where its chilling requirement may not have been met. At the central and southwest locations, ‘UFGold’ also tended to have lower TA values and higher SSC;TA ratios than the other cultivars.

Download Full-text

Road transport vibration stress impact on ‘Palmer’ mangoes quality and shelflife

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452021641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Josenara Daiane de Souza Costa ◽

Acácio Figueiredo Neto ◽

Nelson Cárdenas Olivier ◽

Marcos Antônio da Silva Irmão ◽

Marylia de Sousa Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titratable Acidity ◽

Road Transport ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Storage Quality ◽

Vibration Machine ◽

Vibration Stress ◽

Absorbance Difference ◽

Solids Content

Abstract Studying the causes of postharvest fruit loss is important to avoid reduction of quality and quantity for the consumer due, for example, to the influence of frequent impacts from vibrations during transportation. In this sense, this study evaluates the storage quality of ‘Palmer’ mangoes after being subjected to different simulated road transport vibrations. Vibration was simulated from the analysis of the profile of the frequencies generated in road transport of fruit, determined in a tractor trailer. ‘Palmer’ mangoes stored after vibration stress wereevaluated for: mass loss, absorbance difference index (IAD), peel and pulp browning index (BI), pulp firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity. The development of a vibration machine made it possible to satisfactorily simulate specific vibration frequencies. Vibration stress during simulated transport led to accelerated weight loss, decreased pulp firmness, and peel browning in ‘Palmer’ mangoes.

Download Full-text

Root Pruning Reduces Photosynthesis, Transpiration, Growth, and Fruiting of Container-grown French-American Hybrid Grapevines

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.6.1064 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 1064-1067 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

D.C. Ferree ◽

D.M. Scurlock ◽

J.C. Schmid

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Root Pruning ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Total Leaf Area ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Solids Content

`Seyval blanc' and `Vidal blanc' grapevines (Vitis sp.) grown in large containers were root-pruned at different severities and/or stages of development and the effects on growth of both cultivars and fruiting of `Seyval blanc' were determined. As the severity of root pruning increased, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration (E) decreased and the number of wilted leaves increased in both cultivars. In both cultivars, root pruning reduced net photosynthesis (Pn) and E for as long as 18 to 20 days, as well as total leaf area and dry weight of leaves and petioles plus tendrils. The reductions were proportional to the degree of root pruning. A similar pattern existed for cane and root tissue of `Vidal blanc'. As the severity of root pruning increased, berry and cluster weight, and titratable acidity (TA) of `Seyval blanc' decreased. There was no effect of root pruning on berries per cluster, soluble solids content (SSC), or pH of the juice. No interaction was significant for any factor between time of root pruning and fruiting measured on `Seyval blanc' vines. Root pruning at bloom reduced leaf area, number of leaves, and dry weight of petioles, trunks, and canes. Root pruning at veraison had no effect on any vegetative or fruit parameters. Fruiting `Seyval blanc' vines had less leaf area and smaller petiole and cane dry weights than did nonfruiting vines.

Download Full-text

Response of Mango Fruit to Potassium Permanganate as an Ethylene Absorbent during Storage

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.638c ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 638c-638

Author(s):

Judith Zambrano ◽

Sagrario Briceño ◽

Clara Mendez ◽

Eliseo Castellano

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Skin Color ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Mango Fruit ◽

Color Parameters ◽

Duration Of Storage ◽

Solids Content ◽

Temperature Storage

Mango fruit of `Palmer' and `Keitt' were harvested at the preclimacteric stage. An inexpensive ethylene absorbent was made by mixing aqueous KMnO4 with vermiculite and silicagel as support material. Fruits were treated with the mixture of vermiculite–KMnO4 and silicagel–KMnO4 as ethylene absorbents and stored at 10 and 15°C for 18 days. Fruits were evaluated for skin and pulp color, total soluble solids, titratable acidity and weight loss at interval of 3 days. Ethylene absorbents had no significant effect on skin color parameters (lightness, hue, and chroma). However differences due to ethylene absorbents and temperature storage were evident on pulp color parameters. Soluble solids content and titratable acidity were affected by ethylene absorbent and temperature storage. The percent of weight loss increased with temperature and with duration of storage.

Download Full-text

Postharvest Quality of Grape Tomatoes Treated with 1-Methylcyclopropene at Advanced Ripeness Stages

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.1.183 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 183-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Muharrem Ergun ◽

Steven A. Sargent ◽

Donald J. Huber

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Production ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Postharvest Quality ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Soluble Solids Content ◽

Respiration Rates ◽

Total Titratable Acidity ◽

Solids Content

Grape tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Santa') harvested at light-red (>90% color) and full-red stages were treated with 1 μL·L–1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 24 hours at 20 °C and stored at 20 °C. After 1 day of storage, fruit harvested at light-red stage treated with 1-MCP had a 56% lower respiration rate than untreated fruit. By day 7, respiration rates of the two treatments had converged at about 2 mL·kg–1·h–1. Ethylene production of light-red stage tomatoes treated with 1-MPC was 24% lower than untreated during storage, with rates converging by day 11. For fruit harvested full-red, 1-MCP had similar effects on respiration and ethylene production, although convergence occurred earlier, by day 5. Subsequent tests were conducted only with fruit harvested at full-red stage, since fruit harvested at the light-red stage had lower soluble solids content (4.3%) than fruit harvested at the full-red stage (5.5%). Several combinations of 1-MCP concentrations and exposure times were applied at 20 °C: 1 μL·L–1 for 24 h, 5 μL·L–1 for 6 or 12 h, 25 μL·L–1 for 6 or 12 h, and 50 μL·L–1 for 6 or 12 h; following the respective pretreatment fruits were stored at 20 °C. 1-MCP pretreatment extended marketable life by 1 d, irrespective of pretreatment regime, where untreated and pretreated fruit remained marketable (<15% of fruit soft, decayed and/or shriveled) for 6 and 7 d, respectively. However, 1-MCP did not affect whole fruit firmness, epidermal color, internal color, soluble solids content (6.5%), total titratable acidity (0.64%), or pH (4.3). In a third test simulating commercial handling procedures, full-red harvested tomatoes were treated with 1 μL·L–1 1-MCP for 24 h at either 13 or 20 °C, stored for 4 d at 13 °C, and then transferred to 20 °C. Under these conditions, marketable life for untreated and 1-MCP-treated tomatoes was 7 and 8 d, respectively.

Download Full-text