Transfer to Processing Tomato and Characterization of Late Blight Resistance Derived from Solanum pimpinellifolium L. L3708

Late blight [caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary] causes severe loss of tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L. (formerly Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)] production in environments favorable to the pathogen. Researchers at the Asia Vegetable Research Development Center (AVRDC) identified resistance to late blight in an accession of S. pimpinellifolium [formerly L. pimpinellifolium (L.) Mill.] that they named accession L3708. This resistance has now been transferred to processing tomato lines, which are resistant to multiple P. infestans isolates. Lab trials, inoculated field trials in New York, and naturally infested field trials in Mexico all indicate that these processing tomato lines are fixed for late blight resistance. Segregation data obtained for resistance in the breeding populations were dependent on the pathogen isolate used for the disease screen. Segregation data do not support the hypothesis of single gene control of the full resistance trait, but instead suggest that more than one gene is involved, and that these genes interact in an epistatic manner.

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The inheritance of late blight resistance derived from Solanum habrochaites

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332012000300006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 199-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ahmed Youssef Elsayed ◽

Derly José Henriques da Silva ◽

Pedro Crescêncio Souza Carneiro ◽

Eduardo Seiti Gomide Mizubuti

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Interspecific Cross ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Inheritance Of Resistance ◽

Dominance Model ◽

Recessive Genes ◽

Infested Field

Late blight caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a destructive disease of tomato in Brazil and other tropical and subtropical regions. The purpose of the present study was to analyses the inheritance of resistance to late blight and determine the genetic factors contributing to the resistance in the inbred line in '163A'. The Line '163A' resulted from interspecific cross between Solanum lycopersicum and S. habrochaites f. glabratum. Inoculated field with mixture isolates of pathogen with 1000 spores mL-1 and naturally infested field trials showed that the expression of '163A' against multiple isolates of the pathogen was stable. The genetic analysis supported the hypothesis of two recessive genes controlling the resistance. The scaling test of additive-dominance model showed that is a good fit for the data confirming the absence or neglect of epistasis.

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Performance of Transgenic Potato Containing the Late Blight Resistance Gene RB

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-3-0339 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 339-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Dennis A. Halterman ◽

Lara Colton Kramer ◽

Susan Wielgus ◽

Jiming Jiang

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Transgenic Potato ◽

Field Trials ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Solanum Bulbocastanum ◽

Wild Potato Species ◽

Foliar Resistance ◽

In The Wild

Late blight of potato, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most devastating diseases of potato. A major late blight resistance gene, called RB, previously was identified in the wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum through map-based cloning. The full-length gene coding sequence, including the open reading frame and promoter, has been integrated into cultivated potato (S. tuberosum) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RB-containing transgenic plants were challenged with P. infestans under optimal late blight conditions in greenhouse experiments. All transgenic lines containing RB exhibited strong foliar resistance. Field-grown transgenic tubers also were tested for resistance to P. infestans. In contrast to the foliar resistance phenotype, RB-containing tubers did not exhibit increased resistance. Two years of field trials were used to ascertain whether the presence of RB had any effect on tuber yield. We were unable to detect any significant effect on tuber size or yield after addition of the resistance gene to several S. tuberosum cultivars.

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Resistance to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23 in Potato Cultivars and Its Relationship with Early Blight Resistance and Tuber Yield

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-21-0594-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Weiya Xue ◽

Kathleen G. Haynes ◽

Xinshun Qu

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Early Blight ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Potato Cultivars ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Clonal Lineage ◽

Progress Curve

Resistance to late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23, in 217 old and modern potato cultivars was evaluated in field trials in 2016 and 2017 in Pennsylvania. Significant differences in resistance were found among these cultivars (P < 0.0001). Significant interaction between cultivars and environments was found (P < 0.0001). The values of relative area under the disease progress curve ranged from 0 to 0.5841 in 2016 and from 0 to 0.5469 in 2017. Broad-sense heritability of late blight resistance was estimated to be 0.91 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.88 to 0.93. Cluster analysis classified the cultivars into 5 groups: resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, moderately susceptible, and susceptible. Thirty cultivars showing resistance and 32 cultivars showing moderate resistance were identified. The 217 cultivars were also evaluated for foliar maturity, tuber yield and resistance to early blight, caused by Alternaria solani. A few cultivars with late blight resistance independent of late maturity were found. Late blight resistance and early blight resistance were positively correlated, and 17 cultivars possessed resistance to both diseases. Yield tradeoff associated with late blight resistance was not observed among the cultivars in the absence of disease pressure.

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Resistance to Phytophthora Infestans in Three Solanum Nigrum F3 Families

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.2478/v10129-011-0058-2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 63-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jadwiga Śliwka ◽

Iga Tomczyńska ◽

Marcin Chmielarz ◽

Emil Stefańczyk ◽

Renata Lebecka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Single Gene ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Solanum Nigrum ◽

The Other ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Inheritance Of Resistance ◽

Detached Leaf ◽

Complex Inheritance

AbstractSolanum nigrumis a self-pollinating, hexaploid weed and one of a fewSolanaceaespecies native to Europe. It used to be described as a non-host forPhytophthora infestans. However, now it is known that, like its distant relatives: potato (Solanum tuberosumL.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.),S. nigrumcan suffer from potato late blight caused by this pathogen. Both susceptible and resistantS. nigrumgenotypes have been previously identified and inheritance of resistance originating from one accession has been described based on population of F2plants and 15 F3lines. The goal of this study was to evaluate resistance of three families of F3lines, originating from crosses between a susceptible and three different resistantS. nigrumaccessions followed by two self-pollinations. Parental accessions were tested for the spectrum of late blight resistance against 48P. infestansisolates. The three families consisted of 106, 96 and 115 F3lines, respectively, and from each line 20 plants were tested for resistance toP. infestans. Laboratory detached leaf assays were performed in two dates and two replications of three leaves each. Segregation of the trait within the line allowed us to distinguish hetero- and homozygous lines. In one F3family, the ratio of resistant homozygotes: heterozygotes: susceptible homozygotes was 1:2:1, indicating that a single gene is most likely underlying the late blight resistance in this case. In the other two, observed segregations of the trait significantly deviated from this model suggesting more complex inheritance patterns.

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Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Thaumatin-like Protein Genes Confer Enhanced Resistance to Late Blight (Phytophthora infestans)

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-06-20-0237-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Haishan Zhu ◽

Minghua Deng ◽

Zhengan Yang ◽

Lianzhen Mao ◽

Shurui Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Single Gene ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Tomato Production

Late blight (caused by Phytophthora infestans) poses a serious threat to tomato production, but the number of late blight resistance genes isolated from tomato is limited, making resistance gene mining a high research priority. In this study, highly resistant CLN2037E and susceptible No.5 tomato inbred lines were used to identify late blight resistance genes. Using transcriptome sequencing, we discovered 36 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 21 nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) and 15 pathogenesis-related (PR) disease resistance genes. Cluster analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that these 36 genes possessed similar expression patterns in different inbred lines after inoculation with P. infestans. Moreover, two PR genes with unique responses were chosen to verify their functions when exposed to P. infestans: Solyc08g080660 and Solyc08g080670, both of which were thaumatin-like protein (TLP) genes and were clustered in the tomato genome. Functions of these two genes were identified by gene overexpression and gene editing technology. Overexpression and knockout of single Solyc08g080660 and Solyc08g080670 corresponded to an increase and decrease in resistance to late blight, respectively, and Solyc08g080660 led to a greater change in disease resistance compared with Solyc08g080670. Co-transformation of dual genes resulted in a much greater effect than any single gene. This study provides novel candidate resistance genes for tomato breeding against late blight and insights into the interaction mechanisms between tomato and P. infestans.

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Differential Susceptibility of 39 Tomato Varieties to Phytophthora infestans Clonal Lineage US-23

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-03-14-0263-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (12) ◽

pp. 1666-1670 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Z. R. Hansen ◽

I. M. Small ◽

M. Mutschler ◽

W. E. Fry ◽

C. D. Smart

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Phytophthora Infestans ◽

Differential Susceptibility ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Field Trials ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

Clonal Lineage ◽

Genetic Changes ◽

Moderate Resistance ◽

High Level

During the summers of 2012 and 2013, 39 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) lines or varieties were evaluated for resistance to late blight in three separate field trials. In each trial, late blight was caused by field isolates of Phytophthora infestans clonal lineage US-23. Varieties with the late blight resistance genes Ph-1, Ph-2, Ph-3, and Ph-2 + Ph-3 were included, along with several heirloom varieties with grower-reported resistance and varieties with no known resistance. All six varieties with Ph-2 + Ph-3, along with NC25P, which is homozygous for Ph-3 only, showed a high level of resistance. Plum Regal F1, which is heterozygous for Ph-3 only, showed moderate resistance. Legend, the only variety with Ph-2 alone, also showed moderate resistance. Three heirloom varieties, Matt's Wild Cherry, Lemon Drop, and Mr. Stripey, showed a high level of resistance comparable with that of varieties with Ph-2 + Ph-3. New Yorker, possessing Ph-1 only, showed no resistance. Indeterminate varieties had significantly less disease than determinate varieties in two of the three trials. Overall, this study suggests that tomato varieties with both Ph-2 and Ph-3 can be used to effectively manage late blight caused by P. infestans clonal lineage US-23. Varieties possessing only Ph-2, or heterozygous for Ph-3, were better protected than those without any late blight resistance but might still require supplemental fungicide applications, while the variety that was homozygous for Ph-3 was highly resistant. Several heirloom varieties were also highly resistant, and the unknown mechanism of their resistance warrants further research. Finally, the plasticity observed in United States P. infestans populations over the past several decades necessitates continued monitoring for genetic changes within P. infestans that could lead to the breakdown of resistance reported here.

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Mutations introduced in susceptibility genes through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing confer increased late blight resistance in potatoes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83972-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nam Phuong Kieu ◽

Marit Lenman ◽

Eu Sheng Wang ◽

Bent Larsen Petersen ◽

Erik Andreasson

Keyword(s):

Late Blight ◽

Late Blight Resistance ◽

Susceptibility Genes ◽

Blight Resistance ◽

R Genes ◽

Guide Rnas ◽

Knockout Mutants ◽

Growth Phenotype ◽

Allelic Deletion ◽

S Genes

AbstractThe use of pathogen-resistant cultivars is expected to increase yield and decrease fungicide use in agriculture. However, in potato breeding, increased resistance obtained via resistance genes (R-genes) is hampered because R-gene(s) are often specific for a pathogen race and can be quickly overcome by the evolution of the pathogen. In parallel, susceptibility genes (S-genes) are important for pathogenesis, and loss of S-gene function confers increased resistance in several plants, such as rice, wheat, citrus and tomatoes. In this article, we present the mutation and screening of seven putative S-genes in potatoes, including two DMR6 potato homologues. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 system, which conferred co-expression of two guide RNAs, tetra-allelic deletion mutants were generated and resistance against late blight was assayed in the plants. Functional knockouts of StDND1, StCHL1, and DMG400000582 (StDMR6-1) generated potatoes with increased resistance against late blight. Plants mutated in StDND1 showed pleiotropic effects, whereas StDMR6-1 and StCHL1 mutated plants did not exhibit any growth phenotype, making them good candidates for further agricultural studies. Additionally, we showed that DMG401026923 (here denoted StDMR6-2) knockout mutants did not demonstrate any increased late blight resistance, but exhibited a growth phenotype, indicating that StDMR6-1 and StDMR6-2 have different functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the mutation and screening of putative S-genes in potatoes, including two DMR6 potato homologues.

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