scholarly journals Clarification and repair in emergency remote EFL classes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-184
Author(s):  
Antonella Giacosa
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Interactional Competence ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Multimodal Interactions ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Tone Of Voice

During the sudden shift in education onto digital platforms due to the Covid-19 emergency, teachers became streamers and experimented with new tools to involve their students in video-mediated, multi-floor, multiparticipant, and multimodal interactions. In turn, students experienced new ways to participate in lessons and interact with instructors. This study focuses on clarification and repair in videoconferencing as a strategy to address trouble in video-mediated communication and to re-establish mutual understanding. Through participant observation of online classes, the researcher collected data on classroom interactions, which are analyzed through conversation analysis. The findings show how the digital affordances of video-mediated conversation help teachers and students manage intersubjectivity and compensate for the lack of non-verbal cues typical in face-to-face interaction, such as facial expressions or tone of voice. Consequently, this article argues that the wisdom gained during the pandemic can help teachers and lecturers better deal with clarification and repair in digital conversations. Ultimately, it can increase their digital interactional competence, thus giving way to more interaction and learning in EFL classes, both online and in-person. Key words: EMERGENCY REMOTE EDUCATION, CONVERSATION ANALYSIS, CLARIFICATION, REPAIR, EFL Durante la migración hacia las plataformas digitales en la educación debido a la emergencia sanitaria del Covid-19, el profesorado se ha convertido en transmisor digital y ha experimentado con nuevas herramientas para implicar a su alumnado en conversaciones mediadas por vídeo multiparticipativas y multimodales. A su vez, el alumnado ha experimentado nuevas formas de participación en las clases y de interacción con el profesorado. Este estudio se centra en la aclaración y en la reparación en las videoconferencias como una estrategia para afrontar los problemas en la comunicación mediada por vídeo y restablecer el entendimiento mutuo entre docentes y estudiantes. Mediante la observación participante de las sesiones en línea, la investigadora recogió datos sobre las interacciones en clase que son analizados a través del análisis conversacional. Los resultados muestran cómo las posibilidades digitales de la conversación mediada por vídeo ayudan al profesorado y al alumnado a manejar la intersubjetividad y a compensar la falta de señales no verbales propias de la interacción cara a cara, como son las expresiones faciales o el tono de voz. En consecuencia, en este artículo se sostiene que el conocimiento adquirido durante la pandemia puede ayudar al profesorado a afrontar mejor la aclaración y la reparación en las conversaciones digitales. En última instancia, este conocimiento puede aumentar la competencia interactiva digital del profesorado dando lugar a una mayor interacción y a un mayor aprendizaje en las clases de inglés como lengua extranjera, tanto en línea como presenciales. Palabras clave: EDUCACIÓN REMOTA DE EMERGENCIA, ANÁLISIS DE LA CONVERSACIÓN, ACLARACIÓN, REPARACIÓN, EFL Durante l'improvvisa migrazione della didattica sulle piattaforme digitali dovuto all'emergenza Covid-19, i docenti sono diventati streamer e hanno sperimentato nuovi strumenti per interagire e coinvolgere i propri studenti in conversazioni mediate dal il video. A loro volta, gli studenti hanno sperimentato nuovi modi per partecipare alla lezione e interagire con i professori e fra loro. Questo studio si concentra sul chiarimento e la riparazione nella videoconferenza come strategie per affrontare i problemi nella comunicazione mediata dal video e ristabilire la comprensione reciproca. Attraverso l'osservazione partecipante delle lezioni online, sono stati raccolti dati sulle interazioni in classe e sono poi stati analizzati attraverso l'analisi della conversazione. I risultati mostrano come alcune caratteristiche della conversazione mediata dal video aiutino insegnanti e studenti a gestire l'intersoggettività e a compensare la mancanza di segnali non verbali tipici dell'interazione in presenza, come le espressioni facciali o il tono di voce. Si sostiene che la consapevolezza guadagnata durante la pandemia può aiutare i docenti a capire come affrontare il chiarimento e la riparazione nelle conversazioni digitali. Inoltre, può aumentare la loro competenza interattiva digitale, permettendo a una maggiore interazione e apprendimento nelle classi EFL, sia online che in presenza. Parole chiave: ISTRUZIONE A DISTANZA IN EMERGENZA, ANALISI DELLA CONVERSAZIONE, CHIARIMENTO, RIPARAZIONE, EFL

scholarly journals Other-Attentiveness in Video Consultation Openings: A Conversation Analysis of Video-Mediated Versus Face-to-Face Consultations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyke Stommel ◽  
Harry van Goor ◽  
Martijn Stommel
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pathology Report ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Video Consultation

Abstract For patients recovering from surgery, a video consultation is a suitable alternative to conventional consultations. Video consultations have been found to be beneficial, but little is known about their organization, compared to face-to-face consultations. In this article, we explore potential extra interactional work conducted by participants in video-mediated consultations. We focus on the beginning of the consultation. Our data consist of 39 recorded, postoperative, oncological consultations, both face-to-face and through video-mediated communication (VMC), which we analyzed using conversation analysis. Although surgeons commonly launched the beginning with an announcement of the pathology report as the reason for the consultation, we found that in VMC, “how are you?” was regularly inserted after the testing of the technology. The question is a suitable strategy, as it displays overt other-attentiveness, while also being medically relevant. However, subsequently, surgeons may unilaterally close the elicited self-report to then address the pathology report. Thus, the “extra interactional work” of other-attentiveness is again attenuated.

scholarly journals Challenges for meaningful interpersonal communication in a digital era

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elza Venter
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Verbal Cues ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Computer Mediated

As digital tools and social networks became the main mode of interaction for many people, interpersonal communication has changed. Computer-mediated communication (CMC) has become more important than face-to-face communication in many contexts. Younger generations prefer CMC. Personal interaction normally consists of verbal and non-verbal communication. Computer-mediated communication lacks traditional non-verbal cues, which may cause misunderstandings, influencing meaningful interpersonal communication. Because of a lack of face-to-face communication, people often present an idealised version of themselves, thus becoming less inhibited involving more inappropriate self-disclosure on, for instance, social networks. The research question for this literature review was whether communicating with others mainly through digital means without adequate non-verbal cues would influence meaningful interaction between people. This study used the cues-filtered-out approach and the social presence theory with a literature review to get some clarity on the above question. The premise of the author was that because of the lack of non-verbal cues, CMC messages could influence the understanding of emotions and attitudes, thus compromising meaningful communication and personal understanding of the other. The outcome was that in today’s world people have to use CMC, but for meaningful interpersonal communication, they should try to combine it with face-to-face interaction.

scholarly journals Navigating Turn-Taking and Conversational Repair in an Online Synchronous Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Earnshaw
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Conversational Repair ◽  
Audio Communication

In face-to-face conversations, speaker transitions (or hand-offs) are typically seamless. In computer mediated communication settings, speaker hand-offs can be a bit more challenging. This paper presents the results of a study of audio communication problems that occur in an online synchronous course, and how, and by whom, those problems are resolved. Data were collected from chat transcripts and audio transcripts from a graduate level discourse and conversation analysis course that used WebEx, an audioconferencing software application that also has a chat channel. Using a conversational analysis approach, data were analyzed to identify when speaker hand-offs occurred to determine related patterns of confirmation strategies and repair sequences. Findings showed several different approaches to smooth speaker hand-offs. In cases where hand-offs were not smooth, corrections were attempted by either fixing the problem or moving on. There were also instances in which parties encountered technical difficulties with the audio or Internet connectivity. Parties used the chat channel to indicate they were having trouble. The instructor’s role was to troubleshoot, call upon students, and move the discussion along. This study provides some insight on how chat can be used in a discussion-based, online synchronous course to identify technical difficulties with a called-upon speaker and how the correction is made.

scholarly journals Using ICQ to enhance teacher-student relationships

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
King Yin Shung ◽  
Sue Trinidad
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Student Relationships ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Teacher Student Relationships ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Heritage Culture ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Teachers And Students

<span>This research investigated the use of computer mediated communication (CMC) tools to enhance teacher-student relationships in two secondary schools in Hong Kong. This study showed that ICQ (a most popular CMC tool) could be used to enhance teacher-student relationships in these cases. An ethnographic approach was used where the interviews were conducted with key informants, face to face (n=11) and then through ICQ (n=4). Teachers who used ICQ to communicate with students were also interviewed (n=4). It was found in this study that the school and the parents over-stressed academic achievement, with both teachers and students being required to spend most of their time on academic related matters, and as such the results were that teacher-student communication was found to be rare in the two school environments. The study was able to summarise why students prefer using ICQ to communicate with teachers, how the Confucian heritage culture affects teacher-student communication in Hong Kong schools, and how ICQ can be used to enhance teacher-student communication.</span>

Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis Entrepreneurship di SMK Negeri 2 Kota Jambi

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sica Septyenthi ◽  
Aprizal Lukman ◽  
Upik Yelianti
Keyword(s):  
Education System ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Student Entrepreneurship ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Face To Face Learning ◽  
Module Development

Vocational high school consists of face-to-face learning and dual education system. Learning and dual education system may be either industrial work practices held for 3 or 6 months.During dual education system students can not attend face-to-face learning teaching material that students need to be able to learn independently. Specifically, learning science that students need to learn about the environment and its benefits for students.The purpose of this research is to develop instructional materials in the form of science module which helps students to learn independently and determine the response of vocational students to the science learning modules. Modules developed based entrepreneurship and contextual material with real life needs or students. The material presented is structured to support student entrepreneurship in order to be fit for purpose namely vocational work. This module development research design using the design development of Richey and Klein with Dick and Carey model for the development phase of the module material. Results of test responses of teachers and students concluded that the module gets a very good response, interesting and appropriate to the needs of students. Then the module materials can help students cultivate skills become entrepreneurs.

Social Bonding in Initial Acquaintance: Effects of Modality and Modality Order

2021 ◽  
pp. 019027252110302
Author(s):  
Susan Sprecher
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Perceived Responsiveness ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Mode Interactions

In this experimental study, unacquainted dyads engaged in a get-acquainted task using two modes of communication across two segments of interaction. The dyads either first disclosed in text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) and then disclosed face-to-face (FtF) or the reverse. The participants completed reaction measures after each segment of interaction. After the first segment, dyads who communicated FtF reported more positive outcomes (e.g., liking, closeness) than dyads who engaged in CMC. Furthermore, dyads who began in CMC and then transitioned to FtF increased in their positive reactions, whereas dyads who began in FtF and transitioned to CMC either experienced no change (in liking, closeness, and perceived similarity) or experienced a decrease (in fun/enjoyment and perceived responsiveness). Implications of the results are discussed both for the classic social psychology question of how people become acquainted and for current interest in how mixed-mode interactions generate social bonds that can help meet belonging needs.

scholarly journals Doctoral research amidst the Covid-19 pandemic: Researcher reflections on practice, relationships, and unexpected intimacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 570-578
Author(s):  
Luke Ray Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
Interpretive Method ◽  
The University ◽  
Radical Shift

Responding to the Special Issue call by the Qualitative Social Work: Research and Practice Journal, this article reflects on the challenges faced by a Social Work doctoral student at the University of Edinburgh (Scotland) during the Covid-19 outbreak. Having already commenced their fieldwork through a series of Freirean-style dialogical interviews via Biographical Narrative Interpretive Method (B.I.N.M.), the nationwide-lockdown demanded a drastic deviation from the intended in-person face-to-face interviews with lone parent participants. Significant academic consideration had already been given to the researcher’s existing academic, professional, and social relationships to north and northwest Edinburgh - the geographical focus within the study - via a process of reflexivity prior to commencing the interviews, yet the shift from discussions in neutral venues (e.g. community centres and public cafes) to dialogues conducted exclusively via digital platforms brought about a radical shift in interpersonal dynamics as both researcher and participant were exposed to each other’s homes, families, and other aspects of domestic life. The change in circumstances bore major implications not only for participant recruitment, but also created an unexpected intimacy within the interviewer-interviewee relationships.

SYNCHRONOUS COMPUTER-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION AND INTERACTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Communication Modes ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Small Advantage

The current study reports on a meta-analysis of the relative effectiveness of interaction in synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) and face-to-face (FTF) contexts. The primary studies included in the analysis were journal articles and dissertations completed between 1990 and 2012 (k = 14). Results demonstrate that interaction in SCMC and FTF had a significant impact on second language (L2) development, providing further support for previous research demonstrating the efficacy of interaction in both communication modes (e.g., Mackey & Goo, 2007; Pellettieri, 2000; Smith, 2004, 2005). There was also a small advantage for interaction in SCMC on measures of overall L2 learning outcomes, with additional analyses indicating a small advantage for SCMC interaction on productive and written measures and a small advantage for FTF interaction on receptive and oral learning outcomes. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between SCMC and FTF, suggesting the mode of communication has no statistically significant impact on the positive developmental benefits associated with interaction.

scholarly journals Higher Education Response in the Time of Coronavirus: Perceptions of Teachers and Students, and Open Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Santiago Tejedor ◽  
Laura Cervi ◽  
Ana Pérez-Escoda ◽  
Fernanda Tusa ◽  
Alberto Parola
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Knowledge Flow ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Assessment Tests ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Training Resources

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed training processes. The transition from face-to-face to virtuality has affected the entire educational process favoring one of the open innovation key features in the higher education institutions: the ability to manage knowledge flow. Open innovation in this crisis situation will encourage universities to deal with difficulties and embrace opportunities to enhance knowledge production. In this regard, the main objective of this work is to analyze how universities have managed knowledge flow during lockdown situation. The research presents a comparative study between three countries highly impacted by the coronavirus (Spain, Italy and Ecuador) based on perceptions from teachers and students on a convenience sample of 573 individuals. The study, of a descriptive and exploratory nature, applied surveys between March and April 2020 to students and teachers of Journalism, Communication. The survey had 2956 responses, collecting 65,032 pieces of evidence from students and 6468 from teachers. Teachers and students show their preference for being present, but they recognize the justification for the change of scenery and identify positive elements in virtuality. According to the findings obtained, the absence of presence has not generated an increase in the meetings between teachers and students. In addition, the tutorials have been shorter and sporadic. Added to this is a scant commitment to the variety of resources and options offered by the Internet. The predominance of textual material collides with the demand from students for a mixture of training resources, a greater role for the podcast and, especially, a typology of assessment tests that pass the traditional exams.

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