scholarly journals The nosological structure of respiratory diseases in the pulmonology in-patient unit specifying the proportion of HIV positive patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
I. I. Dubrovskаya ◽  
L. V. Puzyrevа ◽  
O. A. Yaninа ◽  
A. Yu. Lobаstov ◽  
N. E. Didenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Cancer Diagnostics ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay

The objective of the study: to identify respiratory diseases specifying the proportion of HIV-positive patients who have to be admitted to the pulmonology department of an emergency hospital.Subjects and methods. All cases admitted to the pulmonology department of Emergency Relief Hospital no. 2, Omsk, from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed.Results. Among patients admitted to the pulmonology department of the emergency hospital in 2016-2019, pneumonia was the most frequent nosology – from 51.6% (2017) to 63.2% (2019) followed by chronic obstructive lung disease – from 29.1% (2016) to 18.1% (2019). The average duration of hospital stay for pneumonia increased from 9.2 (2016) to 15.4 days (2019) that could be indicative of more severe cases due to the increased proportion of HIV positive patients from 22.4% (2016) to 49.1% (2019). Of pneumonia with the detected pathogen, cases of bacterial pneumonia were the most frequent, but in 2019 there was a significant (up to 19.3%) increase in pneumocystosis pneumonia. The frequency of lung cancer diagnostics ranged from 1.2% (2018) to 2.1% (2017 and 2019), which was associated with the low quality of early diagnosis and admission to hospital due to development of complications. The frequency of pulmonary tuberculosis detection in the pulmonology department tends to decrease every year – from 5.3% (2016) to 3.3% (2019), while the average duration of hospital stay before tuberculosis is diagnosed ranges from 4.9 ( 2016) to 5.9 days (2018). Among diagnosed tuberculosis patients, the proportion of HIV-positive people grows up every year – from 31.6% (2016) to 87.2% (2019).

scholarly journals The ABCs of Rhinoviruses, Wheezing, and Asthma

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (15) ◽  
pp. 7418-7426 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Gern
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Acute Exacerbations ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Viral Diagnostics

ABSTRACT Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were discovered as common cold pathogens over 50 years ago. Recent advances in molecular viral diagnostics have led to an appreciation of their role in more-significant respiratory illnesses, including bronchiolitis in infancy, childhood pneumonia, and acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. Until a few years ago, only two groups of HRVs (A and B) had been recognized. However, full and partial sequencing of HRVs led to the discovery of a third species of HRV (HRV-C) that has distinct structural and biologic features. Risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms for more-severe HRV infections are being defined, and yet fundamental questions persist about mechanisms relating this common pathogen to allergic diseases and asthma. The close relationship between HRV infections and asthma suggests that antiviral treatments could have a major impact on the morbidity associated with this chronic respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Readmissions for Morbidities among Women within the Puerperium

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Bhaktabatsal Raut
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Study Hospital

INTRODUCTION: There are varieties of morbidities which occurs during the postpartum period. The type and severities of such morbidities will determine the need for hospital readmission and appropriate treatment. To analyze the maternal morbidities among postpartum women who have been readmitted following discharge from the hospital after delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a hospital based descriptive study which was conducted including all women readmitted for postpartum complications within the puerperium after having been delivered at Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu. The variables considered for study were pattern of postpartum morbidities, age and parity of women, mode of delivery and average duration of hospital stay. RESULTS: The incidence of maternal postpartum readmission after having been delivered in study hospital was 1.25% (n= 80), out of which puerperal sepsis was the most frequent diagnosis comprising 37.5% (n=30), followed by secondary PPH 30% (n=24), urinary tract infections and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Seventy percentage of women were within the age group of 20-29 yrs and 56.3% were primipara. When proportion of morbidities were analyzed among age groups of ≤19yrs and ≥ 20 yrs, and primiparity and multiparity, showed statistically insignificant difference. Sixty-six (82.5%) women had vaginal delivery and 14 (17.5%) had caesarean section. The percentage of readmission for postpartum morbidity among caesarean delivery was 1.43%, and in vaginal delivery, it was 1.22% . But this difference was statistically not significant (p value = 0.59).The average duration of hospital stay for postpartum morbidities was 4.53 days. CONCLUSION: The incidence of maternal readmission for postpartum morbidities after having been delivered in the study hospital was 1.25%, of which infectious morbidity was the commonest one. There is no statistically significant difference among morbidities between different age and parity groups. Women who had caesarean delivery were more likely to have postpartum morbidity requiring hospital readmission than women who had vaginal delivery but this difference was statistically not significant. Prevention and adequate treatment of infections in pregnancy, labor, delivery and postnatal period, and more stringent management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are mandatory to reduce the incidence of postpartum morbidity.

Comparison of High-Sensitive CRP, RDW, PLR and NLR between Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Chronic Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Solooki ◽  
Mohammad Parsa Mahjoob ◽  
Razieh Sadat Mousavi-roknabadi ◽  
Meghdad Sedaghat ◽  
Mohammad Rezaeisadrabadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Cor Pulmonale ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Hscrp Level ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic systemic inflammation, which has similar signs and symptoms to chronic heart failure (CHF). Objective: To compare high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level and selected blood indices in patients with COPD and CHF. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study (July 2019-July 2020) was conducted on patients aged 40-70 years old with a previous diagnosis of COPD, CHF, and cor pulmonale. They were divided into four groups: 1) patients with COPD, who were hospitalized due to exacerbation of dyspnea, 2) patients with CHF without a history of COPD, 3) patients with CHF and history of COPD (COPD+CHF), and finally 4) patients who had concomitant COPD and cor pulmonale condition. Spirometry, echocardiography, and six-minute walking test were performed. The hsCRP level was assessed at the beginning and end of hospital admission. Finally, RDW, neutrophil, lymphocyte, platelet counts, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (α = 0.05). Results: In total, 140 patients were enrolled. The highest hsCRP level was observed in patients in the COPD+CHF group, and the lowest level was found in patients with CHF. Overall, a significant difference was observed in the hsCRP level at the beginning and the end of admission (P <0.0001). HsCRP had a positive correlation with the duration of hospital stay and a negative correlation with the results of the six-minute walking test. The lymphocyte counts and PLR had significant positive correlations with the six-minute walking test (R =0.38, P <0.0001 vs. R =0.325, P =0.001, respectively), and significant negative correlations with duration of hospital stay (R =-0.317, P <0.0001 vs. R =-0.380, P =0.001, respectively). At the admission, a significant difference in hsCRP was only observed comparing the COPD and cor pulmonale groups (OR =1.097, P =0.002). There were significant differences in the six-minute walking test comparing the COPD group with either of CHF or COPD+CHF groups. Significant differences were noted in the hospital stay duration comparing the COPD group with all other groups. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelets counts, as well as RDW, NLR, and PLR indices, were not useful for differentiating COPD from CHF. However, the hsCRP level may help in differentiating COPD from patients with cor pulmonale.

scholarly journals Current Antibiotic Treatment and Outcome for Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl e) ◽  
pp. 30E-34E
Author(s):  
Alasdair P MacGowan ◽  
Tracey Halladay ◽  
Andrew M Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Tract Infections

A number of national guidelines have been published to aid the antimicrobial management of community-acquired pneumonia. However, data on prescriptions for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) indicate considerable variation in the choice of first-line and subsequent therapy at national and local levels. Outcomes research in LRTI, whether based on clinical, economic or patient-focused criteria, is still evolving. Clinical outcomes are best studied for both pneumonia and exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Economic evaluations often do not encompass all of the costs, for example, time off from work or the economic impact of antibacterial resistance. Duration of hospital stay is a good marker of costs for hospital providers and may be affected by age. marital status and comorbidities. Antibiotic choice may have an impact on the duration of hospital stay by increasing side effects, predisposing patients to hospitalacquired infection or reduced clinical efficacy. Patient expectation is largely unstudied in pulmonary infection.

scholarly journals Implementation of an accelerated recovery program for pancreatoduodenectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Usenko ◽  
A. V. Skums ◽  
A. A. Skums
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Postoperative Results ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Recovery Program ◽  
Mathematical Data Processing

Annotation. A number of issues concerning the practical application of the program of accelerated recovery of patients after surgery without compromising their safety remain debatable. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of ERAS program for patients who undergo pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) and its impact on postoperative results. The study included 60 patients from 28 to 75 years old with benign and malignant pathologies of the pancreas and ampullary region, in which PD was performed between January 2015 and December 2018. The preoperative components of ERAS program were fulfilled in all patients. Mathematical data processing was performed using the software Statistica 64 ver. 10.0.1011.0 (StatSoft Inc.). All intraoperative components were implemented (100%) (except for epidural anesthesia – 85%). Postoperative components of ERAS program were implemented in the range from 56.7% to 100%. There was no postoperative mortality. Complications were observed in 16 (26.7%) patients in whom total number of complications was 22. The average duration of hospital stay after surgery was 13.1±4.1 days. The most of components of ERAS program for PD patients can be successfully implemented, decreasing the lengths of hospital stay without increase in number of postoperative complications.

Prevention and Management of Respiratory Diseases Including Lung Cancer Through Exercise Interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

The objective of the paper is to create awareness among people about alternative and complimentary methods to protect themselves from respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancer etc. The following changes take place in airways as a result of Lung diseases 1) Inflammation: Is a physiological process and plays the role of immunological defense against infection, injury or allergy 2) Hyper secretion of mucus: is a major pathological feature of Airway diseases. It is the result of goblet cell hyperplasia in respiratory mucosa and is a prominent feature of inflammation. Acute inflammation is a defense process and where as Chronic inflammation is a disease process. Chronic Inflammation and mucus hyper secretion are a potential risk factors for an accelerated loss of lung function. It is a common feature in elderly.. The thick viscous mucus in the Lungs will be conducive to pathogens. Continued inflammation and mucus hyper Secretion may significantly contribute to transformation of normal cells into cancer cells ( often as a result of chemical , viral or radioactive damage to genes) 3) Broncospasm: is an additional factor in asthma patients. The three factors together cause breathlessness.

scholarly journals Correlation of Serum Cholinesterase Level, Clinical Score at Presentation and Severity of Organophosphorous Poisoning

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (170) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rehiman ◽  
SP Lohani ◽  
MD Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Serum Cholinesterase ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay

The aim of the study was to correlate between the clinical score described by PeradenyaOrganophosphorus Poisoning (POP) scale, serum cholinesterase level at presentation and severityof poisoning. Consecutive patients of organophosphorous poisoning attending Bir Hospital fromAugust 2004 to September 2005 were studied.Patients were groupedinto mild, moderate andseverepoisoning groups according to the POP scale. Fifty patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The severity ofpoisoningdirectlycorrelatedwithserumcholinesteraselevel(P<0.001).Thedifferences inthemeanrequirements of atropine on the first day of admission, in the total amount of atropine needed to treat and in the average duration of hospital stay were significant (P<0.05). There were 26% patients in moderate poisoning and only 4% patients in severe poisoning, but a total of 14% of the patients died, indicating that patients with even moderate degree of poisoning had also died. Both the POP scaleseverity andderangementinserumcholinesterase levels atinitialpresentationdidnot correlate withmortality, which could be due to various other co-morbidities and inadvertent stoppage of atropineinfusion particularly at night in the wards. The POP scale and serum cholinesterase at presentationappeared useful to assess the severity of poisoning, particularly in terms of higher amount ofatropine andprolongeddurationofhospital stay.Thepatients withevidence ofmoderate andseveredegrees of poisoning need close monitoring. Further studies to evaluate the factors likely to causedeaths, particularly by closely monitoring of moderate and severe organophosphorous poisoning inintensive care units, are required to clarify the correlation with mortality.Key words: organophosphorous poisoning, peradeniya organsophosphorous poisoning scale, serum cholinesterase

scholarly journals TO STUDY HIV SEROPOSITIVITY IN PATIENTS OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TUBERCULOSIS AND RESPIRATORY DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1094-1098
Author(s):  
S. Saha ◽  
◽  
S.K. Munjal ◽  
R. Singla ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Hiv Seropositivity ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Infected People

Background: HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) attacks the immune system and thereby weaken bodys natural defence mechanism against various diseases. Several pulmonary complications have been documented in HIV infected people among which Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) carries special importance. It has been postulated that COPD occurs more frequently in HIV infected people and occurs in younger aged HIV infected people than non HIV population. Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study, and convenience sampling method was adopted. COPD cases were selected from out-patient department. HIV testing was done as per national guideline with the HIV kits supplied by NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL ORGANIZATION (NACO). Objective: To study the occurrence of HIV seropositivity in the adult (older than 18 years of age) patients of COPD attending National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases(NITRD). Results: HIV positivity was foundin 4% of COPD patients. COPD developed at an earlier age in HIV positive patients. Median age was 37.5 years in HIV positive patients compared to median age of 50 years in HIV negative patients. Smoking and nutritional status of the patients did not show any significant relationship with HIV. Final conclusion: Keeping in mind the limitations of this study we concluded that HIV testing may be helpful in young aged, uncontrolled COPD patients.But further studies are required with larger sample sizes to confirm these observations.

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