Method for predicting the dissemination of hazardous substances in the soil during long-term storage of galvanic waste

The problem of production waste storage in open areas of an enterprise with a galvanic shop for the production of chips and microchips has been investigated. The composition of the sludge obtained after sewage treatment of the production of the copper line was investigated. The aim of the article is to develop a mathematical model for predicting the distribution of compounds with heavy metals in the soil during long-term storage of galvanic sludge in open areas. Modeling the process of movement of salts from the earth's surface into the lower layers of the aeration zone occurs according to the laws of molecular diffusion. The method is developed on the basis of a mathematical model that makes it possible to estimate the spread over the depth of the ground and level of soil salinity over time using initial information about soil structure and its characteristics (molecular diffusion coefficient, volume humidity), annual volumes and conditions of sludge storage in the enterprise. Restrictions are set: the presence of harmful substances on the soil surface with a concentration that exceeds the permissible level; inadmissibility of harmful substances to aquifers. The practical use of the method made it possible to identify the main dangers during long-term storage of galvanic waste in open areas. The dynamics of soil salinity levels and the depth of penetration of heavy metals increase over twenty years of conservation has been determined, as well as the possibility of hazardous compounds entering groundwater has been assessed. Polyvinyl chloride packaging has a maximum life span of 15 years. Waste should not be stored in packages and in closed areas for more than 10 years. According to the prediction results, it can be stated that storage in landfills of galvanic waste for more than 15 years leads to significant salinization of the soil and creates conditions for an emergency situation, which is caused by harmful substances entering the water horizons. Recommendations for improving storage conditions are given and the need for recycling of industrial waste is substantiated

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The methodological approach to the evaluation of the stability of the digital data in the information systems

Highly available systems ◽

10.18127/j20729472-202103-03 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

A.V. Solovyev

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Information Systems ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Digital Data ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Destabilizing Factors ◽

Software And Hardware ◽

The Stability ◽

Term Storage

When developing information systems aimed at long-term storage of digital data, it is necessary to think over solutions that allow not only to ensure storage security, storage reliability, but also to ensure the safety of digital data in the event of a possible destabilizing effect, including a catastrophic one. That is, there is a need to ensure the stability of digital data under natural, man-made, anthropogenic or other stored influences. The first step towards digital data resilience is to assess data resilience. The aim of the work is to develop a methodological apparatus for assessing the stability of digital data in information systems operating in conditions of disasters and destabilizing factors. The article presents a methodological approach to assessing the stability of digital data, including long-term storage. The stability of digital data to destabilizing influences in the article is understood as the ability to recover in a minimum period of time both the data itself and the operability of applications responsible for the interpretation of this data, as well as the operability of other software and hardware, without which the use of digital data is not possible. The author of the article proposes a methodology for creating a mathematical model for assessing sustainability, presents a model for assessing the sustainability indicator in general. The main steps for the development of a mathematical model of stability are described. Areas of further research on the development of methodological and algorithmic apparatus for modeling the stability of digital data have been identified. The methodological approach proposed in the article can be used to solve the problems of stability of digital data of a fairly wide class of applied information systems operating in conditions of disasters and destabilizing factors. The proposed approach presupposes redundancy of software and hardware of information systems, additional time spent in the design for compiling models, additional costs for storing the "history" of the functioning of information systems, description of destabilizing factors, etc. However, according to the author of the article, this is necessary and justified to ensure the safety of valuable digital data with a long storage period.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY EVALUATION FROM GALVANIC SLUDGE DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE

Joupnal of New Technologies in Environmental Science ◽

10.30540/jntes-2020-3.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 3-17

Author(s):

L. Tretiakova ◽

◽

L. Mitiuk

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Ecological State ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Waste Storage ◽

Galvanic Sludge ◽

Term Storage

The article analyses the ecological state of the soil in an enterprise with a galvanic shop that produces chips and microcircuits. The problem of production waste storage in open areas is investigated. Environmental hazards during long-term storage of sludge have been identified. The composition of the sludge obtained after sewage treatment of the production of the copper line was investigated. A method for predicting the level and depth of soil salinity during long-term sludge storage is proposed. The experience of reuse of copper extracted from sludge is analysed.

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Development of an encapsulation process for toxic waste and hazardous chemicals in a fluidized bed

Тонкие химические технологии ◽

10.32362/2410-6593-2021-16-3-199-212 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 199-212

Author(s):

Yu. A. Eleev ◽

Yu. S. Bogoyavlenskaya ◽

E. N. Glukhan ◽

V. F. Golovkov ◽

V. V. Afanasiev

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Toxic Waste ◽

Hazardous Substances ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Granule Formation ◽

Seed Material ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Moisture Resistant ◽

Term Storage

Objectives. This paper presents research results on the encapsulation of a fluidized bed of liquid and solid toxic waste containing chemicals with a hazard class of 1–3.Methods. Soils contaminated with hexachlorobenzene and hexachlorocyclohexane were used as the seed material. Ceresin was selected as the encapsulant, which was sprayed onto the fluidized bed through a pneumatic nozzle at a temperature of 135°C. Before the spraying of the ceresin, binders were introduced into the fluidized bed of the seed material through pneumatic nozzles in the form of a melt of high-temperature coal-tar pitch and wastewater containing sodium and arsenic salts as well as heavy metal oxides. The experiments were carried out using a modified GLATT AGT-150 laboratory unit.Results. The results demonstrate that the mechanism for granule formation is a mixed mechanism. The binding of the seed material is carried out by both the pitch and salting out. In this case, the cavities in the agglomerates are partially filled with salt deposits, which increases the strength and integrity of the final product’s structure. Ranges for the process parameter values were established at the point at which there was no unwanted agglomeration in the fluidized bed, and dust formation did not exceed 5%. When the ratio of the bed mass to the mass of ceresin is equal to unity, a moisture-resistant free-flowing product of hazard class 5 is obtained, which is suitable for transportation and long-term storage. The average diameters of the initial particles and encapsulated granules were 0.5 and 1.5 mm, respectively.Conclusions. The present study demonstrates a potential process for the granulation– encapsulation of toxic waste and hazardous substances with a hazard class of 1–3 in a single fluid-bed apparatus, resulting in the formation of a moisture-resistant hazard class-5 granular product suitable for transportation and long-term storage. The results obtained can be used in the development of an industrial large-scale process for encapsulating waste of hazard classes 1–3.

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Modelling of Moisture Movement in Wood during Outdoor Storage

Nonlinear Analysis Modelling and Control ◽

10.15388/na.2001.6.1.15210 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 3-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. Baronas ◽

F. Ivanauskas ◽

I. Juodeikienė ◽

A. Kajalavičius

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Finite Difference ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Moisture Movement ◽

Finite Difference Technique ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Space Formulation ◽

Term Storage

A model of moisture movement in wood is presented in this paper in a two-dimensional-in-space formulation. The finite-difference technique has been used in order to obtain the solution of the problem. The model was applied to predict the moisture content in sawn boards from pine during long term storage under outdoor climatic conditions. The satisfactory agreement between the numerical solution and experimental data was obtained.

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