scholarly journals Determining the authenticity of turmeric

Food systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
N. L. Vostrikova ◽  
M. Yu. Minaev ◽  
K. G. Chikovani
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Content ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lead Chromate ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Color Spectrum ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The paper examines the problem of the composition instability in the ready ground spice, turmeric. Analysis of the prevalent methods for turmeric adulteration and substances used for these purposes is given. The visual assessment of color tints of the turmeric root, spices containing it and chemical dyes based on chromium salts is presented. The studies on determination of the lead and chromium content were carried out to study the content of these metals and test the hypothesis of using lead chromate as a dye in adulteration of turmeric. Using the method of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy, it was found that the lead content in the analyzed turmeric samples varied from 1.72 ± 0.58 to 5.03 ± 1.80 mg/kg, while the chromium content was in a range of 5.56 ± 0.85 to 16.15 ± 2.32 mg/kg. As a result of species specific PCR, wheat DNA was revealed in all purchased samples of ground turmeric. The levels of the main raw material replacement were established, which were 0.14% to 14.95% with the correlation coefficient close to 100%; efficiency of the reaction was 1.95, which was 97.5% when expressed as percentage. These levels of an undeclared allergen in the product composition can cause a serious allergic reaction. The authors tested the hypothesis of introduction of sodium and potassium salts for correction of the color spectrum in the ready spice and its correspondence to the natural color within the color spectrum of turmeric. As a result of the complex study of the spice composition, quite high values of chromium were found, presumably not only from the lead chromate compound but also from chromic acid salts, as the high level of potassium that significantly exceeded the native content of this element was found.

scholarly journals Electrophoresis as a method for characterization of protein changes in maize after pelleting process

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Radmilo Colovic ◽  
Aleksandra Torbica ◽  
Dusica Ivanov ◽  
Jelena Tomic ◽  
Djuro Vukmirovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Protein Modifications ◽  
Maize Protein ◽  
High Level ◽  
Physical Changes

One of the most important crops used for feeding of animals is maize (Zea mays L). Kernels of maize contain 7-13 g of protein/100 g of dry matter, and they are protagonist of chemical and physical changes during the processing of raw material. There are several methods for determination of protein changes during thermal processing. The objective of this study was to investigate application of Lab-on-a-Chip electrophoresis as a method for qualitative and quantitative determination of maize protein modifications during pelleting. Parameters which were varied during pelleting process were diameter of sieve openings of the hammer mill and duration of steam conditioning process. According to the results, conditioning retention time of 5 min could be considered as mild in terms of protein changes for samples ground to pass 3 and 4 mm sieve. Conditioning retention time of 10 min was long enough for achieving of high level of protein modifications for all samples. Regression analysis of obtained data showed that both independent parameters had significant (p < 0.05) influence on response variable (protein solubility). Protein electrophoregrams of investigated samples were qualitatively nearly identical, but quantitative differences occurred, especially in the range 18-85 kDa of protein molecular weight (MW). Results in this paper have proven that Lab-on-a-Chip electrophoresis registered changes in protein structure even when protein solubility was not changed, unlike other conventional methods. This method can be used for determination of degree of protein changes during pelleting process with remarkable certainty.

Phenotypic characteristics and population genetics ofEnterococcus faecaliscultured from patients in Tehran during 2000–2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi ◽  
Atusa Aliahmadi ◽  
Fatemeh Mobasheri ◽  
Ahmad Asgharzadeh ◽  
Soroor Asadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Conventional bacteriology techniques were used to identify enterococci isolates cultured from patients at different hospitals in Tehran during 2000–2001. The identification was confirmed using species-specific PCR targeting the D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase gene. A total of 59 isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were identified. The rates of resistance to different antibiotics were in the following order: penicillin 84%, ciprofloxacin 42%, high-level gentamicin 30%, nitrofurantoin 14%, imipenem 4%, and chloramphenicol 2%. Resistance to ampicillin was found to be rare among the Iranian isolates of E. faecalis. Multi-locus enzyme electrophoresis was then used to analyze the strains. Forty-five electrophoretic types were obtained when 10 enzyme loci were screened. Although the collection of bacterial isolates was limited in time and location, considerable heterogeneity was found. Analysis of strains for linkage disequilibrium demonstrated that the studied population is not clonal, since the index of association was not significantly different from zero (Ia= 0.0296). Enterococcus faecalis isolates recovered from patients in Tehran were genetically diverse and seemed to possess a high potential for genetic recombinations, though none were resistant to vancomycin.Key words: Enterococcus faecalis, population genetics, MEE analysis, nosocomial infections.

Determination of the animal origin of raw food by species-specific PCR

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIEVE HERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Origin Identification

Specific PCR, amplifying a fragment of the mitochondrially encoded cytochromeb gene, are developed for discrimination of chicken, turkey, pig, cow and sheep. These PCR tests could be applied for detection and discrimination of animal food ingredients. For origin identification of milk, the bovine PCR is applied on DNA extracted with the DNeasy™ Tissue kit. A PCR of 30 cycles reached a sensitivity of 720 somatic cells in the PCR reaction corresponding to 2·9 × 104 cells per ml milk. A PCR of 40 cycles could detect 0·72 to 0·144 somatic cells in the PCR reaction corresponding to 29 to 2·9 cells per ml milk.

Rapid and accurate prediction of the frequencies of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus in mixed nematode samples using real-time species-specific PCR

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si Hyeock Lee ◽  
Il Sung Moon ◽  
Jae Soon Kang ◽  
Sang Chul Shin ◽  
Sang Gil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractAccurate detection of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and prediction of its frequency in crude nematode samples is often hindered by the coexistence of related nematode species, such as B. mucronatus, that are morphologically similar but non-pathogenic. To establish a detection system enabling determination of the relative frequencies of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus from field nematode samples, we developed a real-time species-specific PCR (rtssPCR) protocol which targets the substantial sequence differences in the 5S rRNA marker gene between the two nematode species. Using standard DNA mixtures of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus in various ratios, plots of percent species proportion vs cycle threshold value (Ct value) were generated for the prediction of species frequency. The rtssPCR protocol enables the detection of target nematode frequencies as low as 0.16% at the 95% confidence level. When nematode DNA samples were extracted from the mixed specimens of B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus in various ratios and analysed by rtssPCR, the semi-log plot was nearly identical to the plot generated from standard mixed DNA samples, demonstrating that field populations of the nematodes can be directly used for rtssPCR analysis. The rapid and accurate determination of B. xylophilus or B. mucronatus frequencies by this rtssPCR protocol makes it ideal for routine monitoring and quarantine of B. xylophilus in the field.

scholarly journals Use of selective medium for Burkholderia cepacia isolation in respiratory samples from cystic fibrosis patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz V.F. da SILVA FILHO ◽  
Luciana de F. VELLOSO ◽  
Christina N.O. BENTO ◽  
Edelyn GYTIN ◽  
Adriana F. TATENO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Sample Processing ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Impact

Burkholderia cepacia colonizes cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We evaluated the impact of the use of a selective medium in the rate of B. cepacia recovery from respiratory samples of CF patients. During a 6-month period, respiratory samples were collected from 106 CF patients and cultivated on selective media including a B. cepacia selective medium. Confirmation of the identity of B. cepacia isolates was carried out by species specific PCR and determination of genomovar status performed by a sequential PCR approach. Results of B. cepacia isolation during this period were compared to the preceding two years, when the sample processing was identical except for the lack of the B. cepacia selective medium. B. cepacia was isolated in 11/257 (4.2%) of the samples using the selective medium, in contrast with the preceding two years, when it was isolated in 6/1029 samples (0.58%), p < 0.0001. Identity of all 11 isolates was confirmed by PCR and genomovar determination was accomplished in all but one isolate. These results suggest that the use of a selective medium increases recovery rate of B. cepacia from respiratory samples.

Conventional and Real-Time PCR–Based Approaches for Molecular Detection and Quantitation of Bovine Species Material in Edible Gelatin

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2420-2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAURAI TASARA ◽  
SANDRA SCHUMACHER ◽  
ROGER STEPHAN
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Bovine Gelatin ◽  
Bovine Species ◽  
Pcr Primer

The majority of edible gelatin in Europe is derived from pigskin, but a significant portion is extracted from bovine tissue. Because of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy crisis, consumers might be concerned about the gelatin used in various products. To assure consumers of the quality and safety of edible gelatin, European Union directive 1999/724/EC described general guidelines for gelatin production, including requirements for documentary proof confirming that raw materials are from animals fit for human consumption. Analytical methods to confirm gelatin documentation or raw material animal species source in the finished product are lacking. In this study, several published species-specific PCR systems were evaluated as potential molecular methods for determining the origin of the raw material used in making gelatin. A recently validated bovine species-specific PCR primer set targeting the ATPase 8 subunit gene in bovine mitochondrial DNA was suitable for detection of bovine material in gelatin. This PCR primer set was optimized using conventional and real-time PCR approaches. An evaluation of these two PCR methods confirmed the high specificity for the adopted primer set in various gelatin matrices of known origin. The inclusion of bovine gelatin in pork or fish gelatin can be detected at 0.1 to 0.001%. These PCR assays are potential molecular detection tools that can be used to routinely detect bovine gelatin either alone or as an inclusion in gelatin made from other species.

scholarly journals A novel non-sequencing approach for rapid authentication of Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum and Trionycis Carapax by species-specific primers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 172140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yang ◽  
Pingtian Yu ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Zhaoqun Jiao ◽  
Liqun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coi Barcoding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level

A novel non-sequencing approach was developed to detect short DNA fragments ( ca 100 bp) for rapid authentication of two natural products, namely Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum and Trionycis Carapax, based on the difference in mitochondrial genome. Five specifically designed primer reactions were established to target species for reliable identification of their commercial products. They were confirmed to have a high level of inter-species-specificity and good intra-species stability. The limit of detection was estimated to be 1 ng of genomes for all of five assays. Also, the validation results demonstrated that the raw materials and processed products in addition to some of the highly processed products can be conveniently authenticated with good sensitivity and precision by this newly proposed approach. Especially, when reference sample mixtures were assayed, these primer sets have still performed well but not the prevailing COI barcoding technology. These could assist in the discrimination and identification of other animal-derived medicines for their form of raw material, the pulverized and the complex.

Species-specific PCR determination of Listeria seeligeri

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (9) ◽  
pp. 741-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyou Liu ◽  
Mark L. Lawrence ◽  
A.Jerald Ainsworth ◽  
Frank W. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Listeria Seeligeri
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document