bovine gelatin
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushboo ◽  
Nutan Kaushik ◽  
Kristina Norne Widell ◽  
Rasa Slizyte ◽  
Asha Kumari

Abstract Surimi industry produces large quantity of by-products as a combination of skin, bones, and scale, which due to technical difficulty in separation, are being currently utilized for production of low- value products such as biofertilizers and fish feed. Present paper focuses on utilization of combined skin, bones, and scale from Pink Perch (Nemipterus japonicus) obtained from surimi industry for gelatin extraction using single step process. Single step extraction method with acetic acid and water was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to maximize yield and gel strength so that the process can be applied for sustainable utilization. Parameters such as pH (A), extraction temperature (B) and extraction time (C) with respect to yield and L-hydroxyproline content were optimized. Highest gelatin yield was obtained at pH 3, 75°C extraction temperature, and 30 min extraction time. Gelatin yield and L-hydroxyproline content under optimum condition were 16.2% and 41.62 mg.g−1. The chemical composition, functional, rheological, and structural properties of gelatin were examined and compared with commercial bovine gelatin. Gelatin thus obtained at optimized condition exhibited high gel strength (793g) and higher imino acid content (18.1%) than bovine gelatin. FTIR spectra depicted high similarities between both gelatin sample. Thus, the optimized method can be utilized for gelatin extraction from Pink Perch by-products for development of high value products such as food application.


2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliet Montoya ◽  
José Cardenas ◽  
John Bustamante ◽  
Raúl Valencia

Abstract Background Nowadays, the engineering vascular grafts with a diameter less than 6 mm by means of electrospinning, is an attracted alternative technique to create different three-dimensional microenvironments with appropriate physicochemical properties to promote the nutrient transport and to enable the bioactivity, dynamic growth and differentiation of cells. Although the performance of a well-designed porous wall is key for these functional requirements maintaining the mechanical function, yet predicting the flow rate and cellular transport are still not widely understood and many questions remain open about new configurations of wall can be used for modifying the conventional electrospun samples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fabrication techniques on scaffolds composed of bovine gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) developed by sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning, on the morphology and fluid-mechanical properties of the porous wall. Methodology For this purpose, small diameter tubular structures were manufactured and experimental tests were performed to characterize the crystallinity, morphology, wettability, permeability, degradability, and mechanical properties. Some samples were cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve the stability of the gelatin fiber. In addition, it was analyzed how the characteristics of the scaffold favored the levels of cell adhesion and proliferation in an in vitro model of 3T3 fibroblasts in incubation periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. Results It was found that in terms of the morphology of tubular scaffolds, the co-electrospun samples had a better alignment with higher values of fiber diameters and apparent pore area than the sequential samples. The static permeability was more significant in the sequential scaffolds and the hydrophilic was higher in the co-electrospun samples. Therefore, the gelatin mass losses were less in the co-electrospun samples, which promote cellular functions. In terms of mechanical properties, no significant differences were observed for different types of samples. Conclusion This research concluded that the tubular scaffolds generated by sequential and co-electrospinning with modification in the microarchitecture could be used as a vascular graft, as they have better permeability and wettability, interconnected pores, and a circumferential tensile strength similar to native vessel compared to the commercial graft analyzed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliet Montoya ◽  
José Cardenas ◽  
John Bustamante ◽  
Raúl Valencia

Abstract Background: Nowadays, the engineering vascular grafts with a diameter less than 6 mm by means of electrospinning, is an attracted alternative technique to create different three-dimensional microenvironments with appropriate physicochemical properties to promote the nutrient transport and to enable the bioactivity, dynamic growth and differentiation of cells. Although the performance of a well-designed porous wall is key for these functional requirements maintaining the mechanical function, yet predicting the flow rate and cellular transport are still not widely understood and many questions remain open about new configurations of wall can be used for modifying the conventional electrospun samples. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fabrication techniques on scaffolds composed of bovine gelatin and polycaprolactone (PCL) developed by sequential electrospinning and co-electrospinning, on the morphology and fluid-mechanical properties of the porous wall. Methodology: For this purpose, small diameter tubular structures were manufactured and experimental tests were performed to characterize the crystallinity, morphology, wettability, permeability, degradability, and mechanical properties. Some samples were cross-linked with Glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve the stability of the gelatin fiber. In addition, it was analyzed how the characteristics of the scaffold favored the levels of cell adhesion and proliferation in an in vitro model of T3T fibroblasts in incubation periods of 24, 48 and 72h. Results: It was found that in terms of the morphology of tubular scaffolds, the co-electrospun samples had a better alignment with higher values of fiber diameters and apparent pore area than the sequential samples. The static permeability was more significant in the sequential scaffolds and the hydrophilic was higher in the co-electrospun samples. Therefore, the gelatin mass losses were less in the co-electrospun samples, which promote cellular functions. In terms of mechanical properties, no significant differences were observed for different types of samples. Conclusion: This research concluded that the tubular scaffolds generated by sequential and co-electrospinning with modification in the microarchitecture could be used as a vascular graft, as they have better permeability and wettability, interconnected pores, and a circumferential tensile strength similar to native vessel compared to the commercial graft analyzed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 20210182
Author(s):  
Fatma Çağlayan ◽  
Fatma Nur Yozgat İlbaş

Objective: To reveal the sonographic characteristics of various foreign bodies and dental materials to aid diagnosis. Methods and materials: 24 objects consisting of various dental materials and foreign bodies were included in the study. Objects were embedded in bovine gelatin. Images of the objects were obtained by conventional radiography and ultrasonography (USG). Opacities were evaluated by conventional radiography. Their visibility and posterior acoustic behaviors were examined by USG. In addition, the actual sizes of the objects and their dimensions measured by USG were compared. Results: All objects included in the study, including non-opaque ones, could be visualized by USG. When the posterior acoustic behavior of objects was examined, 15 of the objects (62.5%) caused posterior acoustic shadowing on USG. While 6 of the objects (25%) did not have any USG artifacts, 2 of them (8,3%) had comet tail artifact and 1 of them (4,2%) had reverberation artifact. There was no statistically significant difference between the actual dimensions of the objects and their dimensions measured by USG (p > 0,05). Conclusion: USG is a very useful technique for imaging foreign bodies and dental materials, it can even show objects that cannot be seen in X-rays on in-vitro environment.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Pakbin ◽  
Samaneh Allahyari ◽  
Shaghayegh Pishkhan Dibazar ◽  
Wolfram Manuel Brück ◽  
Roghayeh Vahidi ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective: Gelatin is a byproduct of meat industry and its hydrolysates showed several functionalities such as antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a statistical method to mode and optimize biological processes. The purpose of this study was to describe and optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions including time, temperature, pH, and enzyme/substrate ratio (E/S) to produce protein hydrolysate with antioxidant functionality from bovine gelatin by RSM. The scavenging activity was also evaluated using the DPPH method.Results: In this study, we developed and evaluated a model using RSM to describe and optimize conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis of bovine gelatin by trypsin to produce a protein hydrolysate with antioxidant activity. The model was observed and fitted with desirable adequacy and sufficiency. We found that the antioxidant activity increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing pH, E/S ratio and time of enzymatic process. However, temperature had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on the antioxidant activity of the hydrolysate. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were observed at the temperature 30-50 °C, pH 8.0, E/S ratio at 2.5 after 2 h of trypsin hydrolysis. The results showed that the hydrolysate under these conditions had greater antioxidant activity.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253254
Author(s):  
Artima Lueyot ◽  
Vilai Rungsardthong ◽  
Savitri Vatanyoopaisarn ◽  
Pokkwan Hutangura ◽  
Benjamaporn Wonganu ◽  
...  

Marine gelatin is one of the food proteins used in food and non-food products, offering desirable functionalities such as gelling, thickening, and binding. Jellyfish has been chosen for this gelatin research, in view of the benefits of its main collagen protein and lower fat content, which may reduce the amounts of chemicals used in the preparative steps of gelatin production. To date, the lack of identified proteins in gelatin has limited the understanding of differentiating intrinsic factors quantitatively and qualitatively affecting gel properties. No comparison has been made between marine gelatin of fish and that of jellyfish, regarding protein type and distribution differences. Therefore, the study aimed at characterizing jellyfish gelatin extracted from by-products, that are i.e., pieces that have broken off during the grading and cleaning step of salted jellyfish processing. Different pretreatment by hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 M) and hot water extraction time (12 and 24 h) were studied as factors in jellyfish gelatin extraction. The resultant jellyfish gelatin with the highest gel strength (JFG1), as well as two commercial gelatins of fish gelatin (FG) and bovine gelatin (BG), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results show that the jellyfish gelatin (JFG1) extracted with 0.1 M HCl at 60°C for 12 h delivered a maximum gel strength of 323.74 g, which is lower than for FG and BG, exhibiting 640.65 and 540.06 g, respectively. The gelling and melting temperatures of JFG1 were 7.1°C and 20.5°C, displaying a cold set gel and unstable gel at room temperature, whereas the gelling and melting temperatures of FG and BG were 17.4°C, 21.3°C, and 27.5°C, 32.7°C, respectively. Proteomic analysis shows that 29 proteins, of which 10 are types of collagen proteins and 19 are non-collagen proteins, are common to all BG, FG, and JFG1, and that JFG1 is missing 3 other collagen proteins (collagen alpha-2 (XI chain), collagen alpha-2 (I chain), and collagen alpha-2 (IV chain), that are important to gel networks. Thus, the lack of these 3 collagen types influences the inferior gel properties of jellyfish gelatin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Purwantiningsih Sugita ◽  
Muhamad Rifai ◽  
Laksmi Ambarsari ◽  
Dyah Utami Cahyaning Rahayu ◽  
Hanhan Dianhar

Gelatin has been widely used as an additive in food industry pharmaceutical, and  cosmetic. The similar physical appearance between bovine and porcine gelatin causes an issue for some communities like a Muslim due to awareness of halal food. This study aims to produce gelatin from femur bones of bovines with acid hydrolysis and their characteristics compared to standard gelatin of bovine and porcine. Bovine and porcine bones were soaked in 5% HCl for 10 days and every 2 days a HCl solution was replaced to get ossein. Ossein is hydrolyzed by gradual heating at 65, 75, and 85oC. Gelatin  confirmed by  the physico-chemical characters, FT-IR and analysis amino acid with HPLC.The results showed that the yield of bovine gelatin was 4.33%. The physico-chemical characters of bovine gelatin resulting from isolation and bovine gelatin standards are in conformity with porcine gelatin standards and meet the requirements of SNI 06-3735-1995 and GMIA. Therefore, bovine gelatin is specifically capable of substituting porcine gelatin for application in the pharmaceutical field. The FTIR spectrum of bovine gelatin shows the presence of amide A, amide I, amide II and amide III groups. The amino acid characters of gelatin were identified as glycine (13.57%) and proline (1.62%) for bovine gelatin and glycine (0.51%) and proline (0.09%) for porcine gelatin.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Mark Yohance Rafael ◽  
◽  
Rosalie Rafael ◽  
Ervee Landingin ◽  
Ronalie Rafael ◽  
...  

The amount of gelatin used worldwide in the food industry is increasing annually. Recovery of valuable components from fish processing-by products could help solve problems on tons of wastes produced each year and address religious beliefs like Islam and Judaism as well as the fear of mad cow disease. In this study, gelatin was extracted from milkfish scales for food application. The physical properties (yield, strength, color, clarity and pH) of extracted gelatin were studied and compared with commercially-available bovine gelatin. Marshmallows were developed from these gelatin sources. Sensory evaluation was done to determine the appropriateness of the level of a specific attribute and the consumer’s preference using the nine-point hedonic and just about right (JAR) scales. The extracted fish gelatin was comparable to bovine gelatin in terms of strength but they differ in terms of color, clarity and pH. The fish gelatin had a yield of 8.7%, high bloom value of 505g, white appearance and an acidic pH (5.25). The marshmallow developed from fish gelatin is comparable to bovine gelatin in all attributes (color, aroma, texture, taste, sweetness and aftertaste) except for sweetness. Overall, the gelatin extracted from milkfish scales can be used as an alternative to bovine gelatin for food application such as in marshmallow production.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilhadia Zilhadia ◽  
Shoffiya Amaliya ◽  
Yuni Anggraeni ◽  
Vivi Anggia ◽  
Yahdiana Harahap

Abstract Halal gelatin extracted from goatskin could be used as a new excipient in pharmaceutical dosage forms. This study was to determine the potency of gelatin extracted from goatskin as a binder on paracetamol tablets using wet granulation process with 2, 3 and 4% concentration ranges. As a comparison, tablets were formulated using bovine gelatin at the same concentration level. The results showed that weight variation, thickness uniformity and hardness value have met the requirements. Here, the paracetamol tablets using goatskin gelatin as a binder had better friability value, faster disintegration time and easier dissolution than the comparison (p < 0.05). Comparative test result showed increasing the concentration of gelatine caused the hardness value to go up, the disintegration time to take longer, and the tablet friability value to decrease (p < 0.05). The best tablets were produced with the 3% concentration of goatskin gelatine with the following evaluation results: the hardness value of 15.07 ± 0.67 Kp, the disintegration time of 3.71 ± 1.00 minutes and the friability value of 0.62% ± 0.89 respectively. The concentration of paracetamol in the 30th-minute dissolution test was equal to 99.78 ± 0.94%. The goatskin gelatin was very promising as a good binder using the wet granulation process.


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