An Economic Comparison between Conventional and No-Tillage Farming Systems in Burleson County, Texas

ABSTRACT Cotton stalk regrowth must be controlled after harvest to ensure the phytosanitary quality and sustainability of cotton farming systems. Mechanical destruction generally does not conform to the no-tillage system, and the control of cotton stalk regrowth by herbicides is little studied in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton stalk regrowth. The study was conducted in three environments of the Brazilian Cerrado region, two in Santa Helena de Goiás (SHGO), during 2013 and 2014, and one in Luís Eduardo Magalhães (LEM-BA) in 2014. In each of the three environments, the experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block with four replications. Each experiment consisted of different combinations of herbicides and one untreated control. Cotton stalk regrowth was influenced by the three environments. Two sequential 2,4-D amine applications, each with 1,000 g ha-1 of acid equivalent, resulted in better cotton stalk destruction, albeit with 4.9, 16.9 and 36.9% of cotton stalk regrowth in SHGO 2013 and 2014, and LEM-BA 2014, respectively. A single application of 2,4-D amine and a 2,4-D amine spraying followed by the application of carfentrazone-ethyl, paraquat, saflufenacil, paraquat + diuron or glufosinate-ammonium are not effective to control glyphosate-resistant transgenic cotton stalk regrowth. The best destruction of cotton stalk regrowth occurs with two sequential applications of 2,4-D amine.

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Pesticides in a case study on no-tillage farming systems and surrounding forest patches in Brazil

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88779-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Karlo Alves da Silva ◽

Vitoria Beltrame Nicola ◽

Rafaela Tavares Dudas ◽

Wilian Carlo Demetrio ◽

Lilianne dos Santos Maia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Secondary Forest ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Breakdown Product ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

No Tillage ◽

Fluorescence Detector ◽

Pesticides Residues ◽

Local Soil

AbstractWith the growing global concern on pesticide management, the relationship between its environmental recalcitrance, food security and human health has never been more relevant. Pesticides residues are known to cause significant environmental contamination. Here, we present a case study on long-term no-tillage farming systems in Brazil, where Glyphosate (GLY) has been applied for more than 35 years. GLY and its main breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were determined in topsoil (0–10 cm) samples from no-tillage fields and nearby subtropical secondary forests by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector. In addition, the presence of carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and triazines were also screened for. GLY and AMPA were present in all soil samples, reaching values higher than those described for soils so far in the literature. A significant decrease for AMPA was observed only between the secondary forest and the farm's middle slope for site B. GLY and AMPA were observed respectively at peak concentrations of 66.38 and 26.03 mg/kg soil. GLY was strongly associated with forest soil properties, while AMPA associated more with no-tillage soil properties. Soil texture was a significant factor contributing to discrimination of the results as clay and sand contents affect GLY and AMPA retention in soils. This was the first study to report DDT and metabolites in consolidated no-tillage soils in Brazil (a pesticide fully banned since 2009). Based on human risk assessment conducted herein and the potential risk of GLY to local soil communities, this study offers a baseline for future studies on potential adverse effects on soil biota, and mechanistic studies.

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How Far Can Pesticides Spread? A Case Study on No-Tillage Farming Systems and Surrounding Forest Patches

10.21203/rs.3.rs-116835/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Karlo da Silva ◽

Vitoria Nicola ◽

Rafaela Dudas ◽

Wilian Demetrio ◽

Liliane Maia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

High Performance ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Breakdown Product ◽

No Tillage ◽

Fluorescence Detector ◽

Forest Patches ◽

Pesticides Residues ◽

Pesticide Management ◽

Local Soil

Abstract With the growing global concern on pesticide management, the relationship between its environmental recalcitrance, food security and human health has never been more relevant. Pesticides residues are known to cause significant environmental contamination. The present study focused on long-term no-tillage farming systems and subtropical forests in Brazil, where Glyphosate (GLY) has been applied for more than 35 years. GLY and the main breakdown product of glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a fluorescence detector. In addition, the presence of carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and triazines were also detected. GLY and AMPA were omnipresent in soil samples, reaching values higher than those described for soils previously in the literature. GLY and AMPA were observed respectively at peak concentrations of 66.38 and 26.03 mg/kg soil. GLY was strongly associated with forest soil properties, while AMPA associated with no-tillage soil properties. The texture was a significant factor that contributed to the maximum discrimination of the results since clay and sand contents influence GLY and AMPA retention in soils. This was the first study to report DDT and metabolites in consolidated no-tillage soils in Brazil (a pesticide fully banned 2009). Based on human risk assessment and the potential risk of GLY to local soil communities, this study offers a baseline for future studies that will be crucial to understand the toxicity mechanisms on non-target soil biota.

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Conservation cropping systems for the semi-arid tropics of North Queensland, Australia

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9910515 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 515 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

AL Cogle ◽

RJ Bateman ◽

DH Heiner

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Climatic Variability ◽

Cropping System ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Semi Arid

A farming systems project was commenced in the semi-arid tropics of north-eastern Australia to assess the cropping potential and reliability of a newly developing region. Emphasis was placed on evaluation of conservation cropping systems, since it was expected that these would be the most successful and protective uses of the land. This paper discusses the agronomy of peanuts, maize and sorghum grown under different conservative cropping practices (reduced tillage, no tillage, ley) on the soil (red earth) most likely to be developed for large-scale cropping in the region. Crop yields with all practices were limited by establishment difficulties including high soil temperatures, poor weed control and climatic variability. Reduced tillage was more successful than no tillage due to higher yields in dry years; however, in wet years no tillage produced similar yields. The ley cropping system may have some advantages in this environment for integrated production and resource protection.

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A Technical-Economic Comparison between Conventional Tillage and Conservative Techniques in Paddy-Rice Production Practice in Northern Italy

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120886 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 886 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aldo Calcante ◽

Roberto Oberti

Keyword(s):

Conventional Tillage ◽

Paddy Rice ◽

Production Costs ◽

Engineering Practice ◽

Total Production ◽

No Tillage ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Production Practice ◽

American Society ◽

Economic Comparison

In this study a technical-economic comparison was conducted to compare three different agronomic practices applied to paddy rice cultivation areas in Italy: one based on conventional tillage (CT), and two adopting conservative agriculture approaches, namely minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT). Data about production inputs (seed, fertilizers, agrochemicals, fuel) and working time were measured for each technique during the whole production season in three experimental fields. The total production costs were computed by adding the mechanization costs, calculated through the ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) EP (Engineering Practice) 496.3 methodology, and the production input costs. The results of the study highlighted a significant reduction of total costs obtained with both minimum (−16%) and no-tillage (−19%) compared to conventional tillage.

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Operational aspects of ley farming systems in the semi-arid tropics of northern Australia: a review

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9961025 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 1025 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

SJ Yeates ◽

DG Abrecht ◽

TP Price ◽

WS Mollah ◽

P Hausler

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Critical Time ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Northern Territory ◽

No Tillage ◽

Transition Management ◽

Ley Farming ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Operational Aspects ◽

Ley Farming Systems

The ley farming systems proposed for the Australian semi-arid tropics involve rotating an annual pasture (usually legume) with crops sown using no-tillage. These systems were developed to overcome many of the climatic constraints that beset previous attempts at cropping in the region. However, difficulties in the timing of farm operations also contributed to past failures. No analysis of the operational aspects of ley farming had been made; this was the objective of this paper. During the transition between wet and dry seasons rainfall is extremely variable. These periods were shown to be the most critical time for operations in ley farming systems. During the dry-wet transition, management of ley pastures is very difficult because pastures must provide grazing for livestock as well as sufficient soil cover for timely sowing of a following crop. Legume pastures have reduced grazing value at this time due to spoilage by early rain. Similarly, during the wet-dry transition annual pastures must be allowed to set seed at a time when crops are yet to be harvested and stubbles are not available for grazing. It was suggested that including separate paddocks of perennial pasture could reduce the demand on annual pastures during the seasonal transitions. A limited number of days to sow a crop combined with severe yield penalties for late sowing restrict the area that can be sown in any season. Sowing opportunities were determined for 3 locations in the Northern Territory. No-tillage was shown to increase the potential number of sowing days. However, the time available to apply glyphosate before sowing using no-tillage was confined to the morning due to risk of afternoon rainshowers reducing efficacy. The number of seasons where a particular crop or cultivar could not be sown was independent of the method of tillage. The wet-dry transition was shown to be important for harvest operations. Our analysis of 3 sites in the Northern Territory suggests that for mungbean and sorghum, later maturity combined with prompt harvest will reduce the risk of poor seed quality due to weathering and could permit earlier sowing. However, for sorghum, an economic assessment of these practices required research that can quantify the interaction between sowing date, time-to-maturity and grain yield.

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Comparison of no-tillage and conventional tillage in the development of sustainable farming systems in the semi-arid tropics

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9960995 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 995 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

K Thiagalingam ◽

NP Dalgliesh ◽

NS Gould ◽

RL McCown ◽

AL Cogle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Northern Territory ◽

No Tillage ◽

Soil Movement ◽

Dryland Crops ◽

Semi Arid

The results of 5 short-term (4-8 years) experiments and farm demonstrations in which no-tillage technology was compared with conventional or reduced tillage in the semi-arid tropics of the Northern Territory and Far North Queensland, during the mid 1980s to mid 1990s, are reviewed. In the Douglas-Daly and Katherine districts of the Northern Territory, dryland crops of maize, sorghum, soybean and mungbean sown using no-tillage with adequate vegetative mulch on the soil surface have produced yields comparable with, or higher than (especially in drier years), those obtained under conventional tillage. The importance of a surface mulch in ameliorating soil temperature, moisture and fertility, and in reducing soil movement and loss in crop production in the semi-arid tropics was confirmed. Management of mulch (pasture, crop residues and weeds) will be crucial in the application of no-tillage technology to the development of mixed dryland crop and livestock enterprises in the semi-arid tropics.

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